nsf/nasa dimensions of biodiversity the role of taxonomic, functional, genetic, and landscape...
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NSF/NASA Dimensions of Biodiversity
The role of taxonomic, functional, genetic, and landscape diversity in food
web responses to a changing environment
2013-2018
Anthony R. Ives, UW-MadisonVolker C. Radeloff, UW-MadisonKerry M. Oliver, University of GeorgiaJason P. Harmon, North Dakota State University
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How do species respond to environmental change?
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Scale
organization
individualsfood webs
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Scale
organization
individualsfood webs
spaceplants continents
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Scale
organization
individualsfood webs
spaceplants continents
timeevent evolution
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Project components
1. Co-evolution among insects and bacterial symbionts
2. Environmental effects on aphids and predators
3. Rapid evolution to environmental change
4. Interplay between ecological and evolutionary dynamics
organization
space
time
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Project components
1. Co-evolution among insects and bacterial symbionts
2. Environmental effects on aphids and predators
3. Rapid evolution to environmental change
4. Interplay between ecological and evolutionary dynamics
organization
space
time
![Page 8: NSF/NASA Dimensions of Biodiversity The role of taxonomic, functional, genetic, and landscape diversity in food web responses to a changing environment](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d355503460f94a0bd97/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Aphids as a model system
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Bacterial symbionts
• infect many aphid species
• heritable• part of the extended
genome of aphids
symbionts within and between aphid cells
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Pea aphid model system for symbiosis
Oliver et al. (2010 Ann. Rev. Entomol.)
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Pea aphid model system for symbiosis
Oliver et al. (2010 Ann. Rev. Entomol.)
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Pea aphid model system for symbiosis
Oliver et al. (2010 Ann. Rev. Entomol.)
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Pea aphid model system for symbiosis
Oliver et al. (2010 Ann. Rev. Entomol.)
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Oliver et al. (2010 Ann. Rev. Entomol.)
Pea aphid model system for symbiosis
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Heritable symbionts in aphids
Photo credit: Alex Wild
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Project components
1. Co-evolution among insects and bacterial symbionts
organization
space
time
Citizen Science Project
volunteers (and their kids) throughout the USA
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Citizen science collection sites
105 mailers sent46 mailers received299 samples
Aphid and plant IDs from genetic fingerprinting
50 aphid species87 plant species from
36 families
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Co-evolution among insects and bacterial symbionts
1. Generate joint evolutionary trees for aphids and symbionts
2. Investigate distribution of symbionts relative to environmental conditions (temperature) using remote sensing
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Project components
2. Environmental effects on aphids and predators
organization
space
time
The joint effects of light pollution and nighttime warming
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Colleen Miller Brandon Barton
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Nighttime warming is greater than daytime warming
1961-2010
mean
nighttime
daytime
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Local warming: urban heat island
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Light pollution
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Night warming
Night warming only
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Lightpollution
Lightpollution
Light pollution only
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Lightpollution
Lightpollution
Night warmingand light pollutionNight
warming
Can the effects of both be predicted
from their separate effects?
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C7Visual hunter
CmacHunts in the dark
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LEDs
Black bags of water+2° C above ambient
2 x 2 x 3 designLight x Warming x Predators
96 cages for 9 days
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Lightpollutio
n
Nu
mb
er
of a
ph
ids
Visual predator
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Lightpollutio
n
Night warming
Nu
mb
er
of a
ph
ids
Visual predator
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Lightpollutio
n
Lightpollution
Nu
mb
er
of a
ph
ids
Visual predator
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Lightpollutio
n
Lightpollution
Night warming
Nu
mb
er
of a
ph
ids
PR
ED
ICT
ED
Visual predator
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Lightpollutio
n
Lightpollution
Night warming
OB
SE
RV
ED
PR
ED
ICT
ED
Nu
mb
er
of a
ph
ids
Visual predator
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None Light Warming L/W exp L/W0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
# of
Ap
hid
s
C7Visual hunter
CmacHunts in the dark
None Light Warming L/W exp L/W0
50
100
150
200
250
# of
Ap
hid
sN
um
be
r of
ap
hid
sN
um
be
r of
ap
hid
s
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field
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scaled to full moon reflectance from clouds
Full moon Total Alfalfa≥full moon 2.4% 1.1%50 - 100% 1.3 1.3
25 - 50% 2.0 2.810 - 25% 5.8 12.3
<10% 88.5 82.4
largest impact for urban gardens
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Lightpollutio
n
Lightpollution
Night warming
Can we predict the joint effects of two changes from their separate effects?
It depends on the ladybeetle.
How much can we learn from small-scale experiments?
Remote sensing puts field experiments into context
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Project components
1. Co-evolution among insects and bacterial symbionts
2. Environmental effects on aphids and predators
3. Rapid evolution to environmental change
4. Interplay between ecological and evolutionary dynamics
organization
space
time
![Page 40: NSF/NASA Dimensions of Biodiversity The role of taxonomic, functional, genetic, and landscape diversity in food web responses to a changing environment](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d355503460f94a0bd97/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Scale
organization
individualsfood webs
spaceplants continents
timeevent evolution
![Page 41: NSF/NASA Dimensions of Biodiversity The role of taxonomic, functional, genetic, and landscape diversity in food web responses to a changing environment](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d355503460f94a0bd97/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Project components
1. Co-evolution among insects and bacterial symbionts
2. Environmental effects on aphids and predators
3. Rapid evolution to environmental change
4. Interplay between ecological and evolutionary dynamics
organization
space
time
![Page 42: NSF/NASA Dimensions of Biodiversity The role of taxonomic, functional, genetic, and landscape diversity in food web responses to a changing environment](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d355503460f94a0bd97/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)