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Nutritional Sciences 10Professor Nancy AmyDecember 16, 2006

F I N A L E X A M

It is the students responsibility to know the following instructions. Failure to adhere to the followinginstructions may result in 0 points earned on the exam.

! Print your name on the line provided on the scantron sheet.!

On the next line print your section number and the first name of your GSI.! Turn the sheet longways. Fill in your complete SID in the spaces provided.!

Mark the last two rows 00 if you would like your exam score to be posted by SID.! Mark the last two rows 01 if you do not want your exam score to be posted.! Use only a #2 pencil on your scantron.! ABSOLUTELY NO Cell Phones, No Calculators.! Choose the best answer for each question.!

You must turn in this exam along with your scantron.

1. I did not take the exam on December 6. I have version a of this exam. Mark answer a.

2. Your overweight Uncle Bill has been told that he is at risk of having a heart attack. Howwould you explain to him what a heart attack means?

a. It is a blood clot in the brainb. It is an accumulation of VLDL in the coronary veinsc. It is pain caused by stomach acid backing up into the esophagus and irritating the

esophageal tissue

d. It is interruption of the flow of blood to the heart muscle, which may cause the heart tobeat irregularly or stop completely

e. It is elevated blood pressure that ruptures the red blood cells traveling to the heart

3. Uncle Bills doctor told him his HDL is low and he should raise it. Bill is confused because hethought having low cholesterol was agoodthing. What should you tell him?

a. His doctor is wrong: HDL should stay low and so should total cholesterol, triglyceridesand blood pressure

b. His doctor is right: HDL should be high because it carries cholesterol away fromthe tissues to the liver

c. His doctor is right: HDL should be high and he should increase his saturated fat intake tohelp clear cholesterol from the intestine

d. His doctor is wrong: HDL should be low along with LDL because high levels of bothpromote heart disease.

e. His doctor is right: HDL should be high but there is nothing you can do to increase it

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4. Your uncle wants to know why he has cholesterol in his body anyway, since it just clogs up hisarteries. Your best reply is:

a. Cholesterol is important for the synthesis of bile and some hormones

b. Cholesterol is an important energy source for your musclesc. Cholesterol is just a consequence of eating a diet that is too high in fatd. Cholesterol is important for transporting proteins throughout the bodye. Cholesterol is not essential and all body cholesterol can be eliminated by eating

a cholesterol-free diet

5. Uncle Bill (who is at risk for a heart attack) usually has a cheeseburger and french fries for lunch.When you take him to a sandwich shop, which of the follow would you recommend for him tochoose for lunch?

a. Hot dog on a rollb. Bagel and cream cheese

c. Cheese on sourdough breadd. Chicken breast on whole wheat breade. Philly Cheese Steak sandwich

6. What other lifestyle recommendation could you suggest for your uncle to improve his health?

a. Have an extra beer with dinner to stimulate his appetiteb. Check with his doctor about starting a regular exercise programc. Join a pool and sit outdoors in the sun to increase his Vitamin A developmentd. Begin taking amino acid supplements to increase his metabolic ratee. Fast once a week to purify his system

Questions 7-10 relate to the following scenario:

Trevor is a student in NST10. He is 20 years old and 160 lbs (72.7 kg). He recorded his food intake forthree days, but his computer crashed the night before the assignment was due so he had to do thecalculations manually. His average daily intake was:

!

120 g protein! 10 g fiber! 300 g carbohydrate! 80 g fat

7. How many calories did he eat?

a. 1840 kcalb. 2000 kcalc. 2040 kcald. 2400 kcale. 2440 kcal

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8. What percentage of Trevors energy intake came from fat?

a. 10%b. 15%

c. 30%d. 50%e. 80%

9. Looking at his nutrient profile, Trevor is not getting enough:

a. Proteinb. Fiberc. Carbohydrated. Fate. None of the above: he is taking in enough or too much of all of the above

10. Trevor is feeling tired and weak. He thinks he has iron-deficiency anemia and starts to take ironsupplements. Why is this NOT a good idea?

a. A lack of other nutrients can result in anemia with the same symptomsb. It is dangerous to self-diagnose and take supplements instead of seeking professional

medical advicec. Males never become iron-deficient because iron is recycled, not excretedd. He would be OK if he made sure that he ate fruits and vegetables in addition to iron

supplementse. a and b

11. What is the major hormone that regulates Basal Metabolic Rate?

a. Thyroxinb. Insulinc. Glucagond. Vitamin Ae. Testosterone

12. In describing fats, the term polyunsaturated means:

a. There are fewer than 16 carbons in the chain

b. The fat lacks glycerolc. There are no double bonds between carbonsd. The fat is solid at room temperaturee. There are two or more C = C double bonds between carbons

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13. Children with malnutrition get frequent infections. Why?

a. They live in poverty with many bacteria in their foodb. The bacteria in their large intestine invade their body

c. They lack sufficient carbohydrate stores for energyd. They lack sufficient protein for immune functione. They cannot absorb enough fat to synthesize vitamin D

14. Which of the following combinations of foods would provide the greatest amount of dietaryfiber?

a. Fried eggs, bacon, and toasted white breadb. Ham sandwich on white bread, potato chips, iced teac. Three bean salad, whole wheat roll, butter, coca colad. McDonalds Cheeseburger on white bune. Rice Krispies cereal, milk, yogurt, sugar, coffee

15. Which of the following food combinations does not have any carbohydrate?

a. Jams, jellies and fruitb. Milk and yogurtc. Beef, chicken and fish

d. Soybeans, pinto beans and green beanse. Both c & do not have any carbohydrate

16. Heartburn is caused by:

a. Eating small, frequent meals with excess fatb. Stomach acid invading the heart musclec. Eating too much spicy food which causes excess stomach acid to reflux within the heart

muscled. The esophageal sphincter allowing stomach acid to reflux into the esophaguse. Excess stomach acid in the stomach caused by high protein meals

17. What is atherosclerosis?

a. A condition caused by plaque buildup along the inner walls of the arteriesb. Blood pressure higher than the acceptable range

c. The presence of small cell-like bodies in the lymphd. Hardened veins caused by lack of exercisee. Infected pockets bulging out of the large intestine

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18. Even though their body weights and heights are similar, the female athlete has a higher BMRthan a female non-athlete because:

a. The athlete has less body fat and more lean muscle

b. The athletes body produces more glycogenc. The non-athlete has greater lung capacityd. The non-athlete produces more thyroxine. The athlete has more mitochondria to metabolize ATP

19. Female adolescents often have smaller babies than mature women. In general, adolescents areadvised to gain more weight during pregnancy to meet:

a. The infants need to be larger than normal at birthb. The mothers growth needs - an adolescent delivering a small infant is no problemc. The doctors demandd. The need for a healthy mother and baby

e. None of the above - since obesity is such a problem after childbirth, young mothersshould actually try to limit their weight gain during pregnancy

20. It is very important to avoid giving ___ to an infant, because it may harbor botulism spores.

a. Strained meatsb. Corn syrupc. Strained vegetablesd. Table sugare. Honey

21. Muscle tissues use fatty acids for prolonged exercise. These fatty acids come from:

a. Protein storesb. High density lipoproteinc. Fat storesd. Glycogen storese. Glucose stores

22. Jim has Type 1 diabetes but is not aware of his condition. Which of the following may occur if hedoes not get medical treatment?

a. High glucose in the urineb. Damage in tissues (i.e., nerves capillaries)c. Increased glucose uptake into muscle and adipose cellsd. a & b onlye. a, b, & c

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23. Which of the following are characteristics shared by olive oil and canola oil?

a. Both contain high levels of cholesterolb. Both contain trans fatty acids

c. Both contain high levels of monounsaturated fatty acidsd. Both are triglyceride-freee. Both contain mainly saturated fat

24. The best way to prevent Staphyloccus aureusand/orSalmonellafood poisoning is to:

a. Keep foods acidic by sprinkling them with vinegarb. Hold the foods at temperatures between 40and 140Fc. Wash your hands before handling foodsd. Eat mostly raw foodse. All of the above

25. Which of the following statements explain why B vitamin deficiencies lead to a lack of energy?

a. B vitamins are a good source of caloriesb. Oxygen for energy metabolism cannot be transported into the cellsc. With any B vitamin deficiency, protein synthesis occurs without energy released. Absorption of carbohydrates and fats is decreasede. Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are not present in sufficient amounts

26. Sylvia loves milkshakes and other milk products, but she breaks out in hives and red spots anditches all over whenever she drinks them. What should she do to stop this problem?

a. She should start drinking chocolate milk instead of milkshakes to prevent hivesb. She is allergic to milk - there is nothing she can do but avoid milk productsc. She is lactose intolerant - she should consume only small amounts of milk at a timed. She is lactose deficient - she needs enzyme supplementse. She should consume only fat-free milk products

27. Miriam is a vegan. What nutrient might she be deficient in, and what should she do about it?

a. Iron; consume more red meat, fish and poultryb. Vitamin C; eat citrus fruitc. Calcium; drink milk

d. Vitamin E; go out in the sune. Vitamin B12; take a B12supplement

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28. Miriam is concerned about getting Vitamin A toxicity since she eats many deep orangevegetables. Is this a problem for her?

a. No: Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin and is found only in fat-containing foods.

Deep orange vegetables do not have any fat, so she shouldnt be concernedb. No: Deep orange vegetables are a good source of beta-carotene, which is not toxicin large amounts, and can safely be converted to Vitamin A

c. Yes: Deep orange vegetables contain too much retinol which can be converted toVitamin A

d. Yes: She needs to eat yellow vegetables to counteract the potential toxicity of the orangevegetables

e. No: the deep orange vegetables are not a good dietary source of Vitamin A at all

29. Miriam knows that Vitamin E is an important antioxidant that protects cells from damage by freeradicals. Why are vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in humans?

a. Most people take Vitamin E supplementsb. The vitamin is not essentialc. The vitamin is widespread in foodsd. The vitamin can be synthesized by the bodye. Most people drink vitamin E fortified milk

30. Miriam has heard of a proposal to fortify bread with iron because many young women have lowiron levels. This sounds like a great idea, but could there be any harmful consequences?

a. It is a great idea with no known harmful consequencesb. It should not be done because young women do not really need extra iron

c. Fortifying bread is a bad idea because the carbohydrates present will prevent any ironuptake

d. Bread fortified with iron could cause men with a genetic predisposition tohemochromatosis to develop iron overload

e. b and c only

31. Which micronutrient might an elderly person be deficient in and why?

a. Iron because of low intake of milkb. Calcium because of an increased consumption of polyphenols that prevent calcium

absorption

c. Vitamin A because of the inability of chylomicrons to properly absorb fat-solublevitaminsd. Protein because of reduced consumption of all foods, especially meat productse. Vitamin B12because of decreased stomach acid and decreased intrinsic factor that

result in reduced absorption

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32. The major source of energy out (i.e., how much total energy we expend) for most people is______, which is highly dependent upon __________.

a. Thermic effect of food; fat calories

b. Basal metabolic rate; physical activityc. Thermogenesis; air temperatured. Physical activity; amount of exercise performede. Basal metabolic rate; lean body mass

33. Explain why a Vitamin B12deficiency could lead to anemia:

a. Vitamin B12is essential for iron absorptionb. Vitamin B12is essential for folate metabolism that is needed for growth of blood-forming

cells in the bone marrowc. Vitamin B12contains cobalt that competes with lead, thus preventing lead-induced iron

deficiency

d. Vitamin B12stimulates the liver to produce more blood cellse. Vitamin B12is necessary for the growth of the protective covering of nerves

34. Humans use sunlight to synthesize Vitamin D from a precursor in the skin. What is thatprecursor?

a. Cholesterolb. Tryptophanc. Retinold. Beta-carotenee. Niacin

35. Your friend claims that vegan diets do not contain saturated fat. Is she correct?

a. She is partially correct - saturated fat is found only in hydrogenated vegetable oilsb. Yes, saturated fats is found only in meat and dairy productsc. Yes, all of the saturated fat in vegetable oils is converted to unsaturated fat by cookingd. No, some vegetable oils may contain saturated fate. No, high levels of saturated fat are found in some green vegetables

36. Helen is mostly indoors and consumes very little milk. Which vitamin could she be deficientin?

a. Vitamin Ab. Vitamin Kc. Vitamin Cd. Vitamin De. Vitamin E

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37. Allan lives in a developing country. The health worker suspects he is suffering from malnutrition.What physical signs should the health worker look for to determine whether he has marasmus orkwashiorkor?

a. Edema: a sign of marasmus

b. Very skinny arms and legs: a sign of kwashiorkor, not marasmusc. Fatty liver: a sign of kwashiorkord. Bowed legs: a sign of marasmuse. There are no physical abnormalities caused by marasmus or kwashiorkor

Questions 38- 41 pertain to the following scenario:

Tim is a young college student who has become active in the animal rights movement. He decides that inorder to completely align his life with his new beliefs he will become a vegan.

38. Following a vegan diet means that Tim:

a. Eats milk, milk products and eggs, but excludes all meat, poultry, fish, and seafoodb. Eats milk and milk products, but excludes meat, poultry, fish, eggs and seafoodc. Sometimes eats poultry but excludes all dairy, meat, fish, eggs and seafoodd. Does not eat any animal productse. None of the above

39. After one year of following a vegan diet, Tim goes to the doctor because he is fatigued andweak. He is diagnosed with microcytic anemia. The doctor explains that:

a. His zinc stores are depleted and consequently he has a low number of red blood cellsb. He is folate deficient and therefore has developed large, immature blood cells

c. He has a lack of intrinsic factor and consequently is also deficient in red blood cellsd. His iron stores are depleted and consequently his red blood cells are pale and

smalle. His diet is too high in cholesterol and this is resulting in his weakness

40. Tim still wants to follow the vegan diet, but realizes that he is still growing so he wants tomake sure he gets enough zinc. Which food is the best source of zinc for a vegan such asTim?

a. Cheddar cheeseb. Legumes

c. Lettuced. Hame. Nonfat milk

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41. Tim's friend tells him that low cancer rates found in vegetarian people are due to antioxidants in their Which of the following is NOT correct?

a. Antioxidants may protect the DNA from free radical damage

b. Antioxidants stop the chain reaction caused by free radicals by donating their own electronsc. Free radicals arise spontaneously during metabolismd. Free radicals can be made by the cell membranese. All of the above are correct

42. True or false: the European Union has more strict labeling laws for genetically modifiedfoods than does the US.

a. Trueb. False

43. An unfortunate consequence of Vitamin A deficiency is:

a. Osteoporosisb. Diarrheac. Night blindnessd. Dry, cracked skine. Rickets

44. What happens if you eat too much dietary protein?

a. The liver will store the extra proteinb. The protein is digested and any extra amino acids will be broken down into carbohydrate

c. After absorption, extra proteins will be synthesized and stored for use when proteinintake returns to normal

d. Extra protein is excreted in the urinee. The protein is reassembled into chylomicrons for the transport of other nutrients

45. In the 2006 study comparing health status in the U.S. to health status in England, whatconclusion did the authors make?

a. Americans are healthier because we smoke lessb. Americans are healthier because we drink less alcoholc. Americans are healthier because we spend more money on health care

d. Americans are not healthier because we are more obesee. Americans are not healthier. Smoking, alcohol use and obesity explain very little ofthe difference

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Nutritional Sciences 10Professor Nancy AmyDecember 16, 2006

F I N A L E X A M 4 5 P O I N T S

It is the students responsibility to know the following instructions. Failure to adhere to the followinginstructions may result in 0 points earned on the exam.

! Print your name on the line provided on the scantron sheet.!

On the next line print your section number and the first name of your GSI.

! Turn the sheet longways. Fill in your complete SID in the spaces provided.

!

Mark the last two rows 00 if you would like your exam score to be posted by SID.

! Mark the last two rows 01 if you do not want your exam score to be posted.!

Use only a #2 pencil on your scantron.

! ABSOLUTELY NO Cell Phones, No Calculators.

! Choose the best answer for each question.!

You must turn in this exam along with your scantron.

1. I did not take the exam on December 6. I have version a of this exam. Mark answer a.

2. Your overweight Uncle Bill has been told that he is at risk of having a heart attack. Howwould you explain to him what a heart attack means?

a. It is a blood clot in the brainb. It is an accumulation of VLDL in the coronary veinsc. It is pain caused by stomach acid backing up into the esophagus and irritating the

esophageal tissue

d. It is interruption of the flow of blood to the heart muscle, which may cause the heart tobeat irregularly or stop completely

e. It is elevated blood pressure that ruptures the red blood cells traveling to the heart

3. Uncle Bills doctor told him his HDL is low and he should raise it. Bill is confused because hethought having low cholesterol was a goodthing. What should you tell him?

a. His doctor is wrong: HDL should stay low and so should total cholesterol, triglyceridesand blood pressure

b. His doctor is right: HDL should be high because it carries cholesterol away fromthe tissues to the liver

c. His doctor is right: HDL should be high and he should increase his saturated fat intake tohelp clear cholesterol from the intestine

d. His doctor is wrong: HDL should be low along with LDL because high levels of bothpromote heart disease.

e. His doctor is right: HDL should be high but there is nothing you can do to increase it

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4. Your uncle wants to know why he has cholesterol in his body anyway, since it just clogs up hisarteries. Your best reply is:

a. Cholesterol is important for the synthesis of bile and some hormones

b. Cholesterol is an important energy source for your musclesc. Cholesterol is just a consequence of eating a diet that is too high in fatd. Cholesterol is important for transporting proteins throughout the bodye. Cholesterol is not essential and all body cholesterol can be eliminated by eating

a cholesterol-free diet

5. Uncle Bill (who is at risk for a heart attack) usually has a cheeseburger and french fries for lunch.When you take him to a sandwich shop, which of the follow would you recommend for him tochoose for lunch?

a. Hot dog on a rollb. Bagel and cream cheese

c. Cheese on sourdough breadd. Chicken breast on whole wheat breade. Philly Cheese Steak sandwich

6. What other lifestyle recommendation could you suggest for your uncle to improve his health?

a. Have an extra beer with dinner to stimulate his appetiteb. Check with his doctor about starting a regular exercise programc. Join a pool and sit outdoors in the sun to increase his Vitamin A developmentd. Begin taking amino acid supplements to increase his metabolic ratee. Fast once a week to purify his system

Questions 7-10 relate to the following scenario:

Trevor is a student in NST10. He is 20 years old and 160 lbs (72.7 kg). He recorded his food intake forthree days, but his computer crashed the night before the assignment was due so he had to do thecalculations manually. His average daily intake was:

! 120 g protein! 10 g fiber! 300 g carbohydrate! 80 g fat

7. How many calories did he eat?

a. 1840 kcalb. 2000 kcalc. 2040 kcald. 2400 kcale. 2440 kcal

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8. What percentage of Trevors energy intake came from fat?

a. 10%b. 15%c. 30%

d. 50%e. 80%

9. Looking at his nutrient profile, Trevor is not getting enough:

a. Proteinb. Fiber

c. Carbohydrated. Fate. None of the above: he is taking in enough or too much of all of the above

10. Trevor is feeling tired and weak. He thinks he has iron-deficiency anemia and starts to take ironsupplements. Why is this NOT a good idea?

a. A lack of other nutrients can result in anemia with the same symptomsb. It is dangerous to self-diagnose and take supplements instead of seeking professional

medical advicec. Males never become iron-deficient because iron is recycled, not excretedd. He would be OK if he made sure that he ate fruits and vegetables in addition to iron

supplementse. a and b

11. What is the major hormone that regulates Basal Metabolic Rate?

a. Thyroxinb. Insulinc. Glucagond. Vitamin Ae. Testosterone

12. In describing fats, the term polyunsaturated means:

a. There are fewer than 16 carbons in the chain

b. The fat lacks glycerolc. There are no double bonds between carbonsd. The fat is solid at room temperaturee. There are two or more C = C double bonds between carbons

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13. Children with malnutrition get frequent infections. Why?

a. They live in poverty with many bacteria in their foodb. The bacteria in their large intestine invade their body

c. They lack sufficient carbohydrate stores for energyd. They lack sufficient protein for immune functione. They cannot absorb enough fat to synthesize vitamin D

14. Which of the following combinations of foods would provide the greatest amount of dietaryfiber?

a. Fried eggs, bacon, and toasted white breadb. Ham sandwich on white bread, potato chips, iced teac. Three bean salad, whole wheat roll, butter, coca colad. McDonalds Cheeseburger on white bune. Rice Krispies cereal, milk, yogurt, sugar, coffee

15. Which of the following food combinations does not have any carbohydrate?

a. Jams, jellies and fruitb. Milk and yogurtc. Beef, chicken and fish

d. Soybeans, pinto beans and green beanse. Both c & do not have any carbohydrate

16. Heartburn is caused by:

a. Eating small, frequent meals with excess fatb. Stomach acid invading the heart musclec. Eating too much spicy food which causes excess stomach acid to reflux within the heart

muscled. The esophageal sphincter allowing stomach acid to reflux into the esophaguse. Excess stomach acid in the stomach caused by high protein meals

17. What is atherosclerosis?

a. A condition caused by plaque buildup along the inner walls of the arteriesb. Blood pressure higher than the acceptable range

c. The presence of small cell-like bodies in the lymphd. Hardened veins caused by lack of exercisee. Infected pockets bulging out of the large intestine

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18. Even though their body weights and heights are similar, the female athlete has a higher BMRthan a female non-athlete because:

a. The athlete has less body fat and more lean muscle

b. The athletes body produces more glycogenc. The non-athlete has greater lung capacityd. The non-athlete produces more thyroxine. The athlete has more mitochondria to metabolize ATP

19. Female adolescents often have smaller babies than mature women. In general, adolescents areadvised to gain more weight during pregnancy to meet:

a. The infants need to be larger than normal at birthb. The mothers growth needs - an adolescent delivering a small infant is no problemc. The doctors demandd. The need for a healthy mother and baby

e. None of the above - since obesity is such a problem after childbirth, young mothersshould actually try to limit their weight gain during pregnancy

20. It is very important to avoid giving ___ to an infant, because it may harbor botulism spores.

a. Strained meatsb. Corn syrupc. Strained vegetablesd. Table sugare. Honey

21. Muscle tissues use fatty acids for prolonged exercise. These fatty acids come from:

a. Protein storesb. High density lipoproteinc. Fat storesd. Glycogen storese. Glucose stores

22. Jim has Type 1 diabetes but is not aware of his condition. Which of the following may occur if hedoes not get medical treatment?

a. High glucose in the urineb. Damage in tissues (i.e., nerves capillaries)c. Increased glucose uptake into muscle and adipose cellsd. a & b onlye. a, b, & c

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23. Which of the following are characteristics shared by olive oil and canola oil?

a. Both contain high levels of cholesterolb. Both contain trans fatty acids

c.Both contain high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids

d. Both are triglyceride-freee. Both contain mainly saturated fat

24. The best way to prevent Staphyloccus aureusand/orSalmonellafood poisoning is to:

a. Keep foods acidic by sprinkling them with vinegarb. Hold the foods at temperatures between 40and 140Fc. Wash your hands before handling foodsd. Eat mostly raw foodse. All of the above

25. Which of the following statements explain why B vitamin deficiencies lead to a lack of energy?

a. B vitamins are a good source of caloriesb. Oxygen for energy metabolism cannot be transported into the cellsc. With any B vitamin deficiency, protein synthesis occurs without energy released. Absorption of carbohydrates and fats is decreasede. Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are not present in sufficient amounts

26. Sylvia loves milkshakes and other milk products, but she breaks out in hives and red spots anditches all over whenever she drinks them. What should she do to stop this problem?

a. She should start drinking chocolate milk instead of milkshakes to prevent hivesb. She is allergic to milk - there is nothing she can do but avoid milk productsc. She is lactose intolerant - she should consume only small amounts of milk at a timed. She is lactose deficient - she needs enzyme supplementse. She should consume only fat-free milk products

27. Miriam is a vegan. What nutrient might she be deficient in, and what should she do about it?

a. Iron; consume more red meat, fish and poultryb. Vitamin C; eat citrus fruitc. Calcium; drink milk

d. Vitamin E; go out in the sune. Vitamin B12; take a B12supplement

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28. Miriam is concerned about getting Vitamin A toxicity since she eats many deep orangevegetables. Is this a problem for her?

a. No: Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin and is found only in fat-containing foods.

Deep orange vegetables do not have any fat, so she shouldnt be concernedb. No: Deep orange vegetables are a good source of beta-carotene, which is not toxicin large amounts, and can safely be converted to Vitamin A

c. Yes: Deep orange vegetables contain too much retinol which can be converted toVitamin A

d. Yes: She needs to eat yellow vegetables to counteract the potential toxicity of the orangevegetables

e. No: the deep orange vegetables are not a good dietary source of Vitamin A at all

29. Miriam knows that Vitamin E is an important antioxidant that protects cells from damage by freeradicals. Why are vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in humans?

a. Most people take Vitamin E supplementsb. The vitamin is not essentialc. The vitamin is widespread in foodsd. The vitamin can be synthesized by the bodye. Most people drink vitamin E fortified milk

30. Miriam has heard of a proposal to fortify bread with iron because many young women have lowiron levels. This sounds like a great idea, but could there be any harmful consequences?

a. It is a great idea with no known harmful consequencesb. It should not be done because young women do not really need extra iron

c. Fortifying bread is a bad idea because the carbohydrates present will prevent any ironuptake

d. Bread fortified with iron could cause men with a genetic predisposition tohemochromatosis to develop iron overload

e. b and c only

31. Which micronutrient might an elderly person be deficient in and why?

a. Iron because of low intake of milkb. Calcium because of an increased consumption of polyphenols that prevent

calcium absorption

c. Vitamin A because of the inability of chylomicrons to properly absorb fat-solublevitaminsd. Protein because of reduced consumption of all foods, especially meat productse. Vitamin B12because of decreased stomach acid and decreased intrinsic factor that

result in reduced absorption

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32. The major source of energy out (i.e., how much total energy we expend) for most people is______, which is highly dependent upon __________.

a. Thermic effect of food; fat calories

b. Basal metabolic rate; physical activityc. Thermogenesis; air temperatured. Physical activity; amount of exercise performede. Basal metabolic rate; lean body mass

33. Explain why a Vitamin B12deficiency could lead to anemia:

a. Vitamin B12is essential for iron absorptionb. Vitamin B12is essential for folate metabolism that is needed for growth of blood-forming

cells in the bone marrowc. Vitamin B12contains cobalt that competes with lead, thus preventing lead-induced iron

deficiency

d. Vitamin B12stimulates the liver to produce more blood cellse. Vitamin B12is necessary for the growth of the protective covering of nerves

34. Humans use sunlight to synthesize Vitamin D from a precursor in the skin. What is thatprecursor?

a. Cholesterolb. Tryptophanc. Retinold. Beta-carotenee. Niacin

35. Your friend claims that vegan diets do not contain saturated fat. Is she correct?

a. She is partially correct - saturated fat is found only in hydrogenated vegetable oilsb. Yes, saturated fats is found only in meat and dairy productsc. Yes, all of the saturated fat in vegetable oils is converted to unsaturated fat by cookingd. No, some vegetable oils may contain saturated fate. No, high levels of saturated fat are found in some green vegetables

36. Helen is mostly indoors and consumes very little milk. Which vitamin could she be deficientin?

a. Vitamin Ab. Vitamin Kc. Vitamin Cd. Vitamin De. Vitamin E

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37. Allan lives in a developing country. The health worker suspects he is suffering from malnutrition.What physical signs should the health worker look for to determine whether he has marasmus orkwashiorkor?

a. Edema: a sign of marasmus

b. Very skinny arms and legs: a sign of kwashiorkor, not marasmusc. Fatty liver: a sign of kwashiorkord. Bowed legs: a sign of marasmuse. There are no physical abnormalities caused by marasmus or kwashiorkor

Questions 38- 41 pertain to the following scenario:

Tim is a young college student who has become active in the animal rights movement. He decides that inorder to completely align his life with his new beliefs he will become a vegan.

38. Following a vegan diet means that Tim:

a. Eats milk, milk products and eggs, but excludes all meat, poultry, fish, and seafoodb. Eats milk and milk products, but excludes meat, poultry, fish, eggs and seafoodc. Sometimes eats poultry but excludes all dairy, meat, fish, eggs and seafoodd. Does not eat any animal products

e. None of the above

39. After one year of following a vegan diet, Tim goes to the doctor because he is fatigued andweak. He is diagnosed with microcytic anemia. The doctor explains that:

a. His zinc stores are depleted and consequently he has a low number of red blood cellsb. He is folate deficient and therefore has developed large, immature blood cells

c. He has a lack of intrinsic factor and consequently is also deficient in red blood cellsd. His iron stores are depleted and consequently his red blood cells are pale and

smalle. His diet is too high in cholesterol and this is resulting in his weakness

40. Tim still wants to follow the vegan diet, but realizes that he is still growing so he wants tomake sure he gets enough zinc. Which food is the best source of zinc for a vegan such asTim?

a. Cheddar cheeseb. Legumes

c. Lettuced. Hame. Nonfat milk

8/10/2019 NST10 Final

20/20

41. Tim's friend tells him that low cancer rates found in vegetarian people are due to antioxidants in their Which of the following is NOT correct?

a. Antioxidants may protect the DNA from free radical damage

b. Antioxidants stop the chain reaction caused by free radicals by donating their own electronsc. Free radicals arise spontaneously during metabolismd. Free radicals can be made by the cell membranese. All of the above are correct

42. True or false: the European Union has more strict labeling laws for genetically modifiedfoods than does the US.

a. Trueb. False

43. An unfortunate consequence of Vitamin A deficiency is:

a. Osteoporosisb. Diarrheac. Night blindnessd. Dry, cracked skine. Rickets

44. What happens if you eat too much dietary protein?

a. The liver will store the extra proteinb. The protein is digested and any extra amino acids will be broken down into carbohydrate

c. After absorption, extra proteins will be synthesized and stored for use when proteinintake returns to normal

d. Extra protein is excreted in the urinee. The protein is reassembled into chylomicrons for the transport of other nutrients

45. In the 2006 study comparing health status in the U.S. to health status in England, whatconclusion did the authors make?

a. Americans are healthier because we smoke lessb. Americans are healthier because we drink less alcoholc. Americans are healthier because we spend more money on health care

d. Americans are not healthier because we are more obesee. Americans are not healthier. Smoking, alcohol use and obesity explain very little ofthe difference