Proceedingsof the

International Topical Meetingon

NUCLEAR AND HAZARDOUS

WASTE MANAGEMENT

SPECTRUM '96

August 18-23, 1996Seattle, Washington

Sponsored by the American Nuclear Society's Eastern Washington SectionU.S. Department of Energy

International Atomic Energy AgencyEuropean Nuclear Society

European CommissionChinese Nuclear Society

U.S. Department of Commerce, Regional OfficeWashington State Department of Community Trade and Economic Development

British Columbia Trade and Investment Office

Published by theAmerican Nuclear Society, Inc.

La Grange Park, Illinois 60526 USA

COVER PHOTO BY JOHN WILEY UB/TIB Hannover 89115 307 060

Volume I

CONSORTIUM FOR RISK EVALUATIONWITH STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION

CRESP at One Year / Charles Powers, Bernard Goldstein(EOHSI), Gilbert S. Omenn (Univ of Washington) ..

LOW- AND INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL WASTE

International Accomplishments

Radioactive Wood Waste Treatment in the ChernobylZone / Igor A. Savushkin, Alexander J. Grebenkov,Vitaly N. Solovjoy, Boris G. Luchkin (IPEP-Belarus).. 25

The State of Th(IV) in Solutions of EDTA / /. G.Toropov, Yu. P. Davydov, V. V. Toropova (IRP-Belarus), V. M. Efremenkov (IPEP-Belarus), D. Yu.Davydov, V. M. Satsukevich (IRP-Belarus) 32

Gas Generation and Gas Migration in Deep GeologicalRepositories for Radioactive Waste / B. Haijtink (Eu-ropean Commission-Belgium) 37

Sensitivity Analysis on the Potential Releases from theAbadia de Goias Repository Due to Uncertainties inEngineered Barrier Performance / Francisco Luiz deLemos (CDTN-Brazil), Terry Sullivan (BNL) 45

Remotely Controlled Vehicles and Systems for Inte-grated Remediation of Buried TRU Wastes / H. J.Tucker, J. Ballantyne, G. Rife, P. Fung (Spar Aerospace-Canada) 50

Improved Cement Container Applied in Nuclear Field /N. K. Ghattas, H. Ghorab, S. B. Eskander, T. A. Ba-youmi (AEA-Egypt) 58

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphoteric Resins andIts Use for Treatment of Radioactive Liquid Waste /T. Siyam, I. M. El-Naggar, H. F. Aly (AEA-Egypt)- • 66

Waste Minimization in Reprocessing Plants: The LaHague Experience / D. Hugelmann, D. Alexandre(COGEMA-France) 73

An Integrated Rad-Waste-Treatment System; Streamsof Masses and Activities As Well As Influence on theEnvironment / Cornelia Rittmeyer, Winfried Stegmaier(KRC-Germany) 77

Activities on Realization of a Melting Plant at theChernobyl Site / Wolfgang Stein warz (Siempelkamp-Germany) 83

Environmental Transport Modelling of Long-Lived Nu-clides From a Surface L/ILW Repository in Hungary /Ldszld Pollner, Peter Zagyvai (Tech Univ of Budapest-Hungary) 87

Solidification for LLW of Sodium Nitrate by a TailoredSlag Cement / T. Sasaki, M. Shimojo, T. Yagi, K. Su-zuki (JGC-Japan), M. Kiyomoto, Y. Karasawa, K. Ikeda,O. Matsumoto (NKC-Japan) 94

Site Characterization of Disposal Site for Low and In-termediate Level Radioactive Waste in China / ChenZhangru (BRIUG-China) 101

Removal of Contaminated Asphalt Layers by Using HeatGenerating Powder Metallic Systems / Alexander S.Barinov, OlgaK. Karlina, Michael I. Ojovan, ArcadyG.Petrov, George A. Petrov, Alexander V. Ovchinnikov(SIA-Russia) 104

High-Temperature Adsorption Process for Solidifictionof Technetium / Konstantin K. Korchenkin, Alexander N.Mashkin (Mayak Production Assn-Russia), Anna K.Nardova (RRICT-Russia) 107

Processing of Intermediate Liquid Radwaste from NPPswith VVER-Type Reactors / A. F. Nechaev, A. S. Tchu-gunov (SPSIT-Russia), S. A. Dmitriev, F. A. Lifanov(Moscow SIA-Russia), S. N. Shibkov (LTWTNauka-Russia) Ill

Pulp Waste Processing Prior to Hardening / Inessa M.Kosareva, Margaret K. Savushkina (Russian Academyof Sciences-Russia), Yuri A. Revenko, Yuri P. Sorokin(Mining Production Assn-Russia) 116

Assessment of Present and Future Radwaste Generationin Saudi Arabia for the Design of Treatment and Stor-age Facilities / Samir Abdul-Majid, Ibrahim I. Kutbi(King Abdulaziz Univ-Saudi Arabia), Abdulla I. Al-Marshad (KACST-Saudi Arabia) 121

Characterization of Cement-Stabilized Cd Wastes / Je-sus Maria Diez, Julio Madrid, Angeles Macias (CSIC-Spain) 127

Pore Solution Composition of Simulated Borate LiquidWaste Cement Matrices. Changes Caused by Leachingat Different Temperatures / S. Hernandez, A. Guerrero,S. Goni (CSIC-Spain) 133

Regulatory Control of Low Level Radioactive Wastein Taiwan / Tony D. S. Liu, Syh-Tsong Chiou (AEC-Taiwan) 141

Development and Application of a Safety AssessmentMethodology for Waste Disposals / Richard H. Little(QuantiSci-UK), Karl H. Schaller (CEC-Belgium),Carlos Torres (IAEA-Austria), Inmaculada Simon(CIEMAT-Spain) 147

An Integrated Strategy for the Development and Testingof a Near Field Radionuclide Migration Code / Paul N.Humphreys, Terry Johnstone, Annette V. Pinner(BNFL-UK) 155

The Encapsulation of Nuclear Electric Solid Intermedi-ate Level Wastes in Cement / R. E. Streatfield (MagnoxElectric-UK) 162

Waste Minimisation: The BNFL Experience /Rebecca A.Robbins, Robert G. G. Holmes (BNFL-UK) 169

Leaching Studies of MCo from Radioactive Waste Im-mobilized in Cement / Ilija B. Plec'aS, Aleksandar D.Peric, Snetana D. Pavlovic (Inst Nucl Sci- Yugoslavia-Serbia) 173

Commissioning a New Facility for the Treatment andStorage of Low- and Medium-Level Waste in the Neth-erlands / Jan Kastelein, Hans D. K. Code'e (COVRA-Netherlands) 177

MCNP Calculations Applied to Neutron Active Mea-surements and Matrix Effects for Alpha Bearing WasteCharacterization / Bert rand Perot, Alain Marian i(CEA-France) 183

Hanford Tank Related

Flow Injection Analysis: Emerging Tool for LaboratoryAutomation In Radiochemistry / Oleg Egorov, JaromirRuzicka (Univ of Washington), Jay W. Grate, JiriJanata (PNNL) 189

Rapid Characterization of Mixed Waste by FTIR-FiberOptic Method / T. V. Rebagay, R. J. Cash, D. A. Dodd,T. Lopez, F. R. Reich, J. K. Watts (Westinghouse Han-Md) 196

Crystalline Silicotitanates — Novel Commercial CesiumIon Exchangers / R. Braun, T. J. Dangieri, D. J. Fen-nelly, J. D. Sherman, W. Schwerin, R. R. Willis (UOP),N. E. Brown, J. E. Miller, (SNL), R. G. Anthony, C. V.Philip (Texas A&M), L. A. Bray, G. N. Brown (PNNL),D. D. Lee (ORNL), T. T. Borek, W. J. Connors(WVNSC) 204

Hanford Single-Shell Underground Storage Tank WasteRetrieval Risk Reduction Through Leak Detection,Monitoring, and Mitigation / Brian Peters, RussellTreat (Foster Wheeler), Deborah Iwatate (WestinghouseHanford) 214

Ion Exchange Removal of Cesium from Simulated andActual Hanford Tanks 241-SY-101 and 241-SY-103 /Dean E. Kurath, Garrett N. Brown (PNNL), Dan L.Herting (Westinghouse Hanford) 222

Degradation of Transuranic Waste Drums in Under-ground Storage at the Hanford Site / Darrel R. Duncan,James A. Demiter, David C. DeRosa (WestinghouseHanford) 229

Resolution of the Ferrocyanide Safety Issue in HanfordSite High-Level Waste Tanks / R. J. Cash, H. Babad,J. E. Meacham (Westinghouse Hanford), J. M. Grigsby(G&P Consult), M. A. Lilga (PNNL), W. F. Hendrick-son (DOE, Richland) 234

Mixed Waste

Chemical Treatment of Mixed Waste at the FEMP /Larry Honigford (FERMCO), John Sattier (DOE), DanDilday, Dennis Cook (FERMCO) 245

Decomposition of PCBs in Oils Using Gamma Radiol-ysis / Bruce J. Mincher, R. E. Arbon, G. L. Schwendi-man (INEL) 252

Treatment of Low-Level Mixed Waste Using an Expe-dited Demonstration Concept / Joseph J. Lucerna, Mi-chael P. Riendeau (Kaiser-Hill) 258

Photo-Oxidation of Organic Compounds in LiquidLow-Level Mixed Wastes at the INEL / Kevin L. Ger-ing, G. Lynn Schwendiman (INEL) 265

Experiences with Treatment of Mixed Waste / JacekDziewinski, Stanislaw Maczak (LANL), Eric Nutall(Univ of New Mexico), Wayne H. Smith (LANL) . . . 274

Advancing Towards Commonsense Regulation ofMixed Waste: Regulatory Update / Craig L. Porter (Jet-seal) 282

Final Waste Forms for LLW/ILW/TRU/Mixed Wastes:A Comparison Between BNFL and U.S. Test Require-ments / Robert Voke (BNFL, Richland), Graham H.Jonsson, Stephen Curwen (BNFpIc, Sellafield-UK).. 290

U. S. Department of Energy Mixed Waste Characteriza-tion, Treatment, and Disposal Focus Area TechnicalBaseline Development Process / Jay Roach, Dirk Gom-bert (LMIT) 297

Developing a UV Technology Having Multiple Appli-cations Within DOE and DOD / Barry R. Brocks (Pro-cess Technol) 305

Source Term Analysis for a RCRA Mixed Waste Dis-posal Facility / David L. Jordan, T. Neil Blandford(Stephens & Assoc), Robert J. MacKinnon (EDRA).. 311

Thermal Desorption Treatability Studies on SelectedMercury- and PCB-Contaminated Mixed Waste / Rob-ert H. Krabill, James L. Shippy, III (LMES) 319

Lead Decontamination and Recycling Under RCRA:Regulatory Implications / Suzanne Moore-Mayne(BEC), Myrna Romero (LANL), Herb Grover (HardinSimmons Univ), Suzanne L. Hartnett (BEC) 327

Repository/Disposition Site Issues

In Situ RF/Microwave Remediation of Soil ExperimentOverview / A. H. Regan, W. T. Roybal, R. Ortega, M.Palomares, D. E. Rees, D. Tischler (LANL) 331

Tritium Release and Transport from Beryllium in theRWMC Soil Environment / Paul D. Ritter, Rajiv N.Bhatt (LITCO) 337

Engineered Barrier for the Stationary Low-Power Re-actor No. 1 Burial Ground / Chris M. Hiaring, Doug-las K. Jorgensen (LITCO), Joseph S. Rothermel,Gregory B. Gotten (Parsons Eng) 345

An EPA Approved NESHAP-Radionuclide EmissionMonitoring Plan for New Waste Management Facilitiesat the Savannah River Site / Dave Dunn, Scott Reboul,Jim Cadieux (Westinghouse SRC) 354

Demonstration of Close-Coupled Barriers for Subsur-face Containment of Buried Waste / Brian P. Dwyer(SNL), John Heiser (BNL), Willis Stewart (AppliedGeotech) 359

In Situ Stabilization Wall for Containment and Hot SpotRetrieval / G. G. Loomis (INEL) 367

Estimating Surface Water Risk at Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory: Effects of Site Conditions on Modeling Re-sults / Arthur H. Curtis, III (ORNL) 375

Injectability and Durability of Urethane as a PermeationGrout for Subsurface Containment of Waste / M. A.Gabr, Jacob S. Freshwater, Echol Cook (West VirginiaUniv) 383

High Performance Construction Materials for Treat-ment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities / Craig L. Porter(Jetseal) 391

Technology Transfer: A Cooperative Agreement andSuccess Story / Harley W. Reno, Kliss McNeel (LMIT),Aran T. Armstrong (DOE, Idaho), Jay K. Vance (En-virocare) 399

Technology Development

Novel Choline Esterase Based Sensor for Monitoringof Organophosphorus Pollutants / Ebtisam S. Wilkins,Andrey L. Ghindilis, Plamen Atanasov (Univ of NewMexico) 402

Technologies and Methods for Waste Minimizationin the Analytical Laboratory / Mitchell D. Erickson,Jorge S. Alvarado, Cheng-Shen Lu, Frederick Lemley,David P. Peterson, John F. Schneider, Linda M. Shem,James Silzer (ANL) 409

Landfill Covers for Dry Environments / Stephen F.Dwyer (SNL) 411

Development of an X-Ray K-Edge Heavy Metal Detec-tor / Taher L. Aljundi, Terrence Jensen, Joseph N.Gray, Douglas Robinson (Iowa State Univ) 418

Rate Enhancement of Photocatalytic Cyanide Oxidationby the Application of an Anodic Bias/Coupled Semi-conductor Configuration / N. D. H. Munroe, R. Tilleux(Florida International Univ) 425

Maximized Liquid Radwaste Volume ReductionThrough a Total Integrated Process: A New Technol-ogy Success Story / Glen A. Rae (NUKEM) 430

Testing/Treatment

Electrochemical and Photochemical Treatment of Aque-ous Waste Streams / Joseph C. Farmer, Richard W.Pekala, Francis T. Wang, David V. Fix, Alan M. Volpe,Daniel D. Dietrich, William H. Siege!, James F. Carley(LLNL) 435

Quantitative Analysis of Hazardous Samples with X-RayMicrofluorescence / George J. Havrilla (LANL) . . . . 441

Treatment of LTTD and Pyrolyzer Offgases Using Non-Thermal Plasmas / John J. Coogan (LANL) 446

Pressure Grouting of Fractured Basalt Flows / PeterShaw (INEL/LITCO), Steve Phillips, Jerry Alexander(Westinghouse Hanford) 449

Waste Incineration Through Pulsating Combustion,Part I —Combustor Characterization / Tiejun Bai,Yaw D. Yeboah, Kofi B. Bota, Zhicheng Wang (ClarkAtlanta Univ) 456

Thermal Treatment Technology Technical Peer Review /Christine J. Bonzon (DOE, Idaho), James P. Brown(DOE SRS), Paul H. Krumrine (WPI) 462

U.S. and Russian Innovative Technologies to ProcessLow-Level Liquid Radioactive Wastes: The MurmanskInitiative / Robert S. Dyer (EPA), Romney B. Duffey(BNL), Roman Penzin (AAT-Russia), Anita Sorlie(NRPA-Norway) 470

TRU Waste

Final WIPP Compliance Criteria (40 CFR Part 194) /Mary Kruger, Elizabeth Forinash (EPA) 475

Characterizing Cemented TRU Waste for RCRA Haz-ardous Constituents / David Yeamans, Pamela Rogers,Stanley Bodenstein, S. Belts, E. Derr, J. Harper, R.Gonzales, P. Prince, C. Rael, B. Sinkule, D. Taggart(LANL) 477

Transuranic Waste Characterization and ExperimentalSupport at the Los Alamos National Laboratories WasteCharacterization Reduction, and Repackaging Facility /S. A. Bodenstein, R. Gonzales, D. L. Sweetin, D. P.Taggart, S. E. Belts, J. J. Vigil, E. D. Derr, D. R.Yeamans, B. J. Sinkule, P. Z. Rogers, J. R. Harper(LANL) 483

Transuranic (TRU) Waste Characterization Activities atthe Stored Waste Examination Pilot Plant (SWEPP) /Clifford J. Stanley (INEL/LITCO) 485

Risk Assessment for Waste Emplacement at the WasteIsolation Pilot Plant / Richard F. Farrell (DOE, Carls-bad) 493

On the Verge to Opening a Deep Geologic Repositoryfor Disposal of Long-Lived Radioactive Waste at theWaste Isolation Pilot Plant / George E. Dials (DOE,Carlsbad), LeifG. Eriksson (Advanced Sciences).... 501

Analysis of TRU Waste for RCRA Listed Elements /Cynthia Mahan, Dan Gerth, Tom Yoshida, Chris Brink,Susan Pacheco, Michele Gross, Alex Martinez, Bar-bara Hemberger, Paula Cisneros, James Rodriquez(LANL) 509

The Systems Prioritization Method for the Waste Iso-lation Pilot Plant: Problems with Methodology and Re-sults / William W.-L. Lee (Environ Evaluation) 517

Getting Waste Ready for Shipment to the WIPP: Inte-gration of Characterization and Certification Activities /Barbara Sinkule, Karen Knudtsen, Pamela Rogers, D.Yeamans, J. Harper, E. Derr, S. Bodenstein, D. Tag-gart (LANL) 523

Major Impacts of the 40 CFR 194 Final Rule on theWIPP Performance Assessment / Bryan A. Howard(Westinghouse), Michael H. McFadden (DOE, Carls-bad) 528

Waste Characterization

Cask Dismantlement at the INEL for Lead Recoveryand Recycle / Edgar M. Feldman, S. M. Thurmond(LITCO) ^25

LANL's Mobile Nondestructive Assay and Examinationsystems for Radioactive Wastes / D. P. Taggart S E

£ V ' « lig"- *' J- Estep' K E Martinez, J. Men-T. H. Prettyman, C. D. Rael (LANL) 540

Nondestructive Assay (NDA) Systems for ContainerizedWaste / David J. Roelant (BDM Federal), A. Tardiff(DOE, Germantown) 547

Waste Forms —Glass

Retention of Sulphur, Phosphorus, Chlorine, and Flu-orine in Hanford Phase II Vendor LLW Glasses / X.Feng, M. J. Schweiger, H. Li, M. Gong (PNNL).... 555

Packaged Low-Level Waste Verification System / KevinThomas Tuite (WMG), Michael Winberg, E. WayneKillian, Arthur Y. Flores, Charles V. Mclsaac (INEL/LITCO) 563

Measurement of the Glass Dissolution Rate in the Pres-ence of Alteration Phases / W. L. Ebert, A. J. Bakel(ANL), N. R. Brown (DOE, Richland) 569

Corrosion of Electrodes and Refractories in Low-LevelWaste Glass Melts / S. K. Sundaram, G. L. Smith,H. D. Smith (PNNL) 576

Volatility and Entrainment of Feed Components andProduct Glass Characteristics During Pilot-Scale Vitri-fication of Simulated Hanford Site Low-Level Waste /Gregg A. Whyatt (PNNL), John W. Shade, G. E. Stegen(Westinghouse Hanford) 584

Lessons Learned from Vitrification Campaigns at theDOE/Industrial Center for Vitrification Research atClemson University / James C. Marra, Dennis F. Bick-ford, Connie A. Cicero (Westinghouse SRC), Thomas J.Overcamp (Clemson Univ) 594

Preliminary Criticality Study Supporting TransuranicWaste Acceptance into the Plasma Hearth Process /Lawrence J. Slate, George E. Santee, Jr. (SAIC) 602

Melter System Technology Testing for Hanford SiteLow-Level Tank Waste Vitrification / Charles N. Wil-son (Westinghouse Hanford) 607

Waste Forms—Organic

Mechanisms of Radiolytic Decomposition of ComplexNuclear Waste Forms / Karen Knutsen, Yali Su, Keith D.Keefer, Thomas M. Orlando (PNNL) 616

Commercialization of the Polyethylene Macroencapsu-lation Process / P. R. Lageraaen, P. D. Kalb (BNL),G. W. Hellstrom, J. K. Vance (Envirocare) 620

Waste Minimization

Facility Status and Progress of the INEL's WERFMLLW and LLW Incinerator / Dennis Conley, Shan-non Corrigan (INEL/LITCO) 625

Waste Minimization Technology and Its Effect onCommercial Low-Level Waste Repository Planning /David V. LeMone (Univ of Texas), Lawrence R. Jacobi(TLLWDA) 630

Lessons in Waste Minimization from Nuclear IndustryExperience / J. S. Devgun, J. R. Thuot, J. Vrtis (ANL).. 637

Late Additions

A Shaft Seal System for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant /F. D. Hansen, E. H. Ahrens, A. W. Dennis, L. D. Hur-tado, M. K. Knowles, J. R. Tillerson (SNL), T. W.Thompson (SAIC), D. Galbraith (DOE, Carlsbad) .. 642

Characterization, Monitoring and Sensor TechnologyProgram: Technology Solutions and Remaining DOECharacterization Problems / David Roelant (BDM Fed-eral), Caroline Purdy (DOE, Germantown) 648

Investigation of Leachates and a Geochemical Barrierfor the WSRRAP Disposal Cell / Jean Pier, SherylHodges, Ray Bailey (WSSRAP) 653

RISK ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS

A Probabilistic Analysis of Dose Assessment ModelUsing First-Order Reliability Method (FORM) / Jong-soon Song (Chosun Univ-Korea) 659

Using Electronic Templates and a Centralized DocumentProduction Network to Reduce Cost and Improve Con-sistence Between Technical Reports / Mark E. Byrnes(SAIC, Richland) 665

Methodology for a Radiological Analysis for Inclusionin an SARP / Harvey Goldberg (Westinghouse Han-ford) 667

Maplt: A New Software Tool to Assist in the Transitionfrom Conceptual Model to Numeric Simulation Mod-els / Thomas W. Canales, Charles W. Grant (LLNL).. 671

A Review of the Radiological Treatment Facility Acci-dent Analysis in the Draft Waste Management Program-matic Environmental Impact Statement / C. Mueller, S.Folga, B. Nabelssi, E. Kohout (ANL) 676

A Summary of the Cost Effectiveness of InnovativeOff-Gas Treatment Technologies / Mark Cummings,Steven R. Booth (LANL) 682

Reducing Cleanup Costs Under HWIR-Media: Impli-cations for DOE / Michael J. Berg (ICF Kaiser) . . . . 690

MAG*SEPSM Process Technology Demonstration atSRS / Eric K. Sliger (Selentec), Michael L. Wilkey(ANL) 695

A Probabilistic Approach to Cost and Duration Un-certainties in Environmental Decisions / D. M. Boak,L. Painton (SNL) 700

Use of the WIMS-E Lattice Code for Prediction of theTransuranic Source Term for Spent Fuel Dose Estima-tion / Kevin N. Schwinkendorf, Steven P. Roblyer, San-tiago A. Parra (Westinghouse Hanford) 709

Rapid Data Access: Key to Integrated Use of Environ-mental Characterization and Monitoring Information /Thomas W. Canales, Patricia Ottesen (LLNL) 714

NEW APPROACHES FOR EM

Experience

Solidification Tests on Reprocessing Waste Liquid withROBE Process / Yoshiaki Tanaka (Kobe Steel-Japan),Gerhard Klessen (KKWG-Germany), Dieter Feyer-bacher (NUKEM-Germany), Tsuyoshi Imakita, Nao-hiro Hara (Kobelco Rsch-Japan) 721

Recent Developments in the Use of Chemical AbsorbingMembranes for Radionuclide Separations / Thomas M.Kafka, Craig Markell, Lloyd White (3M), Lane A. Bray,Garrett N. Brown (PNNL) 728

Hanford Defined Wastes Model / Stephen F. Agnew(LANL) 734

Application of Industrial Experience to DOE Decom-missioning Planning / Gary A. Person, Billy B. Foster(LMES), Rodney G. Grubb, Douglas E. Keener, David M.Yannitell (Parsons Eng) 742

Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Packaging Opti-mization Report / Phil Gregory (Westinghouse), BobSpooner (DOE, Carlsbad) 747

Plasma Technology

Destruction of Hazardous Waste Materials Using PlasmaArc Technology / Louis Kanaras (USA EC), MahmoodA.Qazi (CTC) 754

Plasma Technology for Treating Hazardous, Radio-active, and Mixed Waste: Critical Technology Issues andPreliminary Results / John M. Veilleux, Mohamed S.El-Genk (Univ of New Mexico) 767

The PERC™ Process: Existing and Potential Applica-tions for Induction Coupled Plasma Technology in Haz-ardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment / Andreas S.Blutke, John S. Vavruska, John F. Serino (Plasma Tech-nol) 775

Progress and Future Direction for the Interim Safe Stor-age and Disposal of Hanford High-Level Waste / J. E.Kinzer, D. D. Wodrich (DOE, Richland), R. F. Bacon,H. Babad, R. E. Raymond (Westinghouse Hanford).. 781

Privatization

Privatization of Hanford's Tank Waste RemediationSystem: A Progress Report / Jackson E. Kinzer, Carol L.Sohn (DOE, Richland), Paul K. Kearns (PNNL) . . . . 789

Privatization of the Department of Energy's ProposedRadioactive Liquid Waste Treatment Facility: CaseStudy / Doris A. Anders (Systematic MgmtSvc), John A.Marchetti (DOE), John R. Guice, Jr. (Systematic MgmtSvc) 791

Strategy

A Technic-Economic Evaluation of the Radwaste Man-agement Strategy Adopted by Romanian ElectricityAuthority-RENEL / Gheorghe Barariu (CITON-Romania), Florin Glodeanu (RENEL-Romania), IonPopescu (INR-Romania) 797

An Integrated Dismantling and Monitoring Strategy forHistoric Plutonium Plants / Christopher Henry Orr(BNFL-UK) 803

Life Cycle Planning for Technology Development: AStrategic and Tactical Method for Global Environmen-tal Problem Solving / Leesa Lederer (LANL) 809

The Environmental Data Collection Process / DavidBottrell (DOE, Germantown), Patricia Harrington(MACTEC) 830

Oak Ridge Strategy Accelerates Cleanup / Sidney B.Garland II, Harry L. Boston (LMES) 836

Late Additions

Update on Plasma Arc Centrifugal Treatment / R. E.Haun, W. S. Paulson, R. C. Eschenbach (Retech)... 844

The Startup and Status of the DOE Mixed Waste FocusArea / Julie E. Conner (DOE, Idaho), R. E. Williams,M. T. Magleby (LMIT) 851