A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the

International Atomic Energy Agency as "an event

that has led to significant consequences to the

people, the environment or the facility." Examples

include lethal effects to individuals, large

radioactivity release in to the environment, or

reactor core melt.

Technical measures need to be adopted to reduce

the risk of accidents or to minimize the amount of

radioactivity released to the environment.

A nuclear disaster could take several forms . The most

obvious would be a meltdown at a nuclear reactor

plant . Though the plant might not explode, the result

of such a disaster would very likely be the release of

massive amount of radiation and radioactive material

into the environment and it would take hundred years

to decay to anything near “safe” levels .

Nuclear disasters are usually associated with meltdowns.

When a meltdown occurs in a reactor, the reactor "melts".

That is, the temperature rises in the core so much that the

fuel rods actually turn to liquid, like ice turns into water when

heated. If the core continues to heat, the reactor would get

so hot that the steel walls of the core would also melt. In a

complete reactor meltdown, the extremely hot (about 2700

Celsius) molten uranium fuel rods would melt through the

bottom of the reactor and actually sink about 50 feet into the

earth beneath the power plant.

The molten uranium would react with groundwater,

producing large explosions of radioactive steam and debris

that would affect nearby towns and population centers.

In a safe nuclear reactor the condenser and the cooling

tubes work efficiently and the heat applied on the uranium

rods is controlled.

Uranium Mining

Fuel Enrichment

Power Generation

Waste Disposal RADIATION INCREASES multifold

at each stage!

Radioactive Waste

Generated at each stage - Mining, Enrichment,

Power Generation

Waste from Enrichment has been used in

Depleted Uranium (DU) bombs used in Iraq

Even 21st century science has NO

ANSWER for Nuclear Waste Disposal

Waste contaminates (beyond scope for

inhabitation) a huge area in its vicinity for

1000’s of yearsWhat about

the Environment

& People?

Is it Safe?

Radiation Contaminates Always

• Even if there is NO NUCLEAR

ACCIDENT

– Around a Uranium Mine

– Around an Enrichment Facility

– Around a Nuclear Plant

– Around Nuclear Waste

An area of 30-35 km radius gets

contaminated by nuclear radiation

regularly!home

Radiation Spares Nothing

Impacts Vegetation - Agriculture Trees near Jaduguda Uranium Mines have

DEFORMED SEEDS

Agricultural produce is bound to carry unacceptable amounts of radioactive content

Impacts Animals Radioactive Boars on the rise in Germany (thanks

to Chernobyl)

Impacts Human Beings

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Nuclear explosions produce both immediate and delayeddestructive effects. Immediate effects (blast, thermalradiation, prompt ionizing radiation) are produced and causesignificant destruction within seconds or minutes of a nucleardetonation. The delayed effects (radioactive fallout and otherpossible environmental effects) inflict damage over anextended period ranging from hours to centuries, and cancause adverse effects in locations very distant from the site ofthe detonation.

Consequences of nuclear disaster

Nuclear disaster can produceclimate issues because the hightemperatures of the nuclearfireball cause large amounts ofnitrogen oxides to form from theoxygen and nitrogen in theatmosphere (very similar to whathappens in combustion engines).Each megaton of yield willproduce some 5000 tons ofnitrogen oxides. The rising fireballof a high kiloton or megaton rangewarhead will carry these nitricoxides well up into thestratosphere, where they canreach the ozone layer. A series oflarge atmospheric explosionscould significantly deplete theozone layer.

Fukushima disaster caused many people to

become aware of potassium iodide tablets,

available from your local drug store, via

outlets online, and sometimes distributed by

utilities or local officials to people living near

nuclear facilities experiencing problems.

This stable form of iodine, which is used by

the thyroid gland to produce necessary

hormones for metabolism and fetal brain

development can protect your thyroid gland

from radioactive iodine-131. But it does not

protect against any other limiting isotopes

likely to be released from a nuclear event.

However, these measures are not enough to completely

moderate the harmful effects of a nuclear disaster. A nuclear

disaster causes the depletion of the ozone layer which in turn

leads to skin diseases. The only way to insure safety of people

is to build robust nuclear reactors and efficient coolants.

Prevention is better than cure.

Nuclear explosions can release high levels of radiation, an energy that removes electrons.

Nuclear radiation can damage DNA.

While areas around a nuclear explosion are immediately exposed, radiation can also remain in the atmosphere for decades, traveling great distances before it settles to the ground-level air or earth's surface

Disposing of one's outer clothing can remove up to 90% of radioactive material after a nuclear disaster.

The peace symbol was initially designed for the Direct Action Committee Against Nuclear War (DAC).

Cycle of Radioactive Materials

Apart from its disastrous potential, nuclear radiation is one of themost effective means of providing electricity to the country andensuring economic development. If handled carefully, nuclearenergy can be a greener alternative to other forms of energy likecoal and petrol.

Proponents, such as the WorldNuclear Association, the IAEAand Environmentalists forNuclear Energy believe thatnuclear power is a safe,sustainable energy source thatreduces carbon emissions

People should stay inside buildings or areas far

away from the nuclear plant

Phones should not be used unless absolutely

necessary, the lines may collapse if everybody is

using phones and phone lines are very necessary

for emergency equipment.

There should be a ban on consumption of

agricultural products or water. For example in

Japan there was a ban on consumption of

products from near the nuclear plant.

In case of a Nuclear Disaster

International Nuclear

Event Scale

Exhibition Severity Symptoms

Some millisieverts only possible long-term

Several hundred millisieverts No immediate effect Possible temporary nausea

and slight fever

Between 1 000 and 2

000 millisieverts

remarkable

medical Effect

vomiting, fatigue,

fever, risk of infection,

cancer

Between 2 000 and 4

000 millisieverts

serious medical Effect vomiting, fever, digestive

disorders, bleeding, hair

loss,

leukemia, other cancers

Between 4 000 and 10

000 millisievertsand

probability greater

than 50% death,

property

damage neurological (dizzin

ess, disorientation) and can

cers of many types

Excess of 10 000 mSv safe Death

Some Nuclear and Radiation

accidents - 1952 - AECL Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River,

Ontario, Canada. Partial meltdown, about 10,000 Curies

released.

September 1957 - a plutonium fire occurred at the

Rocky Flats Plant, which resulted in the contamination

of Building 71 and the release of plutonium into the

atmosphere, causing US $818,600 in damage.

September 1957 – Mayak nuclear waste storage tank

explosion at Chelyabinsk. Two hundred plus fatalities,

believed to be a conservative estimate; 270,000 people

were exposed to dangerous radiation levels. Over thirty

small communities had been removed from Soviet maps

between 1958 and 1991. (INES level 6).

October 1957 - Windscale fire, UK. Fire ignites

plutonium piles and contaminates surrounding dairy

farms.An estimated 33 cancer deaths.

1959, 1964, 1969 - Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Los

Angeles, California. Partial meltdowns.

July 1961 – Soviet submarine K-19 accident. Eight

fatalities and more than 30 people were over-exposed to

radiation.

1962 – Radiation accident in Mexico City, four fatalities.

January 1969 – Lucens reactor in Switzerland

undergoes partial core meltdown leading to massive

radioactive contamination of a cavern.

July 1979 - Church Rock Uranium Mill Spill in New

Mexico, USA, when United Nuclear Corporation's

uranium mill tailings disposal pond breached its dam.

March 1984 – Radiation accident in Morocco, eight

fatalities.[

August 1985 – Soviet submarine K-431 accident. Ten

fatalities and 49 other people suffered radiation injuries.

September 1987 – Goiania accident. Four fatalities and

249 other people received serious radiation

contamination.

December 1990 – Radiotherapy accident in Zaragoza.

Eleven fatalities and 27 other patients were injured.

April 1993 - accident at the Tomsk-7 Reprocessing

Complex, when a tank exploded while being cleaned

with nitric acid. The explosion released a cloud of

radioactive gas. (INES level 4).

1996 – Radiotherapy accident in Costa Rica. Thirteen

fatalities and 114 other patients received an overdose of

radiation.

September 1999 - Criticality accident at Tokai nuclear

fuel plant (Japan)

February 2000 - Three deaths and ten injuries resulted

in Samut Prakarn when a radiation-therapy unit was

dismantled.

April 2010 - Mayapuri radiological accident, India, one

fatality.

March 2011- Fukushima I nuclear accidents, Japan

(current event).

March 2011- Fukushima Daichi Power Station -

radioactive discharge

Why is Nuclear Power Promoted in

India? Current energy policies are designed to

benefit foreign MNCs

General Electrics Westinghouse Areva

Newspapers admit that THEY ARE HERE FOR A $40 BN

BUSINESS

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Why is Nuclear Power Promoted in

India? Profit for MNCs who will provide reactor designs

Commission for Indian Politicians, Intellectuals, Scientists

All Nuclear Plants in India offer

lucrative prospects

for these Patriots!

`

10,00,00,00,00,00,000One Lakh Crores only!

Investment at the

9,900 WM Jaitapur

Nuclear Plant

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Nuclear Plants in India (2010)

Narora, UP - 440 MW

Rawatbhata, Raj - 2,580 MW

Kakrapar, Gujarat - 1,840 MW

Tarapur, Mah - 1,400 MW

Kaiga, Karnataka - 880 MW

Kalpakkam, TN - 940 MW

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Post Indo-US Nuclear Deal

Existing Plants

Proposed Plants

Narora, UP - 440 MW

Rawatbhata, Raj - 2,580 MW

Kakrapar, Gujarat - 1,840 MW

Tarapur, Mah - 1,400 MW

Kaiga, Karnataka - 880 MW

Kalpakkam, TN - 940 MW

Jaitapur, Mah9,900 MW

Mithi Virdi, Gujarat8,000 MW

Haripur, WB10,000 MW

Kovvada, AP8,000 MW

Koodankulam , TN9,200 MW

Bargi, MP1,400 MW

Kumhariya, Haryana2,800 MW

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Existing Plants

Proposed Plants

Impact of Nuclear Accidents in India

Can you imagine the massive loss of

Human Lives, Forests, Agriculture,

Animals, Economic Activities?

For 1000’s of years!

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Why is Renewable Energy

Unknown? Very less or No Scope for Investment (read

profit)

Giants MNCs in the Nuclear Power sector are

too strong to let the Renewable Energy sector

grow

And hence, almost No Solar or Wind Scientists

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The Nuclear Civil Liabilities Bill by our

government says that:

Any foreign company WILL NOT be held

liable for any nuclear accidents on Indian soil, whatsoever

They WILL NOT pay any Compensation

We CAN NOT sue them in Indian or Foreign courts

And Our Government’s Gift for US

The ‘West’ is Disowning Nuclear Power Most Americans are against Nuclear Power

Major concerns:

○ Continuous radiation emitted in normal functioning of Nuclear

Plants

○ Nuclear Waste disposal

○ Threats of nuclear accidents

Australia has never built a Nuclear Power Plant!

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Wondering What You Can Do

About This?

Understand the politics of promoting

Nuclear Power in India

Spread awareness about this massive

public betrayal

Jago Re !