nuclear energy middle east esi
TRANSCRIPT
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Energy Security Initiativeat BROOKINGS
NOVEMBER 2012
Policy Brief 12-02
Human Resource
Development in NewNuclear Energy States:Case Studies from theMiddle EastJohn Banks
Kevin Massy
Charles Ebinger (Ed.)
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E N E R G Y S E C U R I T Y I N I T I A T I V E
H u m a n Re s o u Rc e D e ve l o p m e n t n n e w n u c l e a R e n e Rg y s t a t es :
c a s e s t u D e s F R o m t H e m D D l e e a s t
i
AboUT ThE bRookINGS ENERGY SECURITY INITIATIVE
E S I (ESI) s ss-pm b Bks Is dsd s mldspl s d dl ll sps s d. ESI zs pbl d p s ld pd d s wll sp lbl m,
ml d s ldsp pd ws d m s wll
q dmd dsd lkl sqs s s d
mpls sd plmk. T ESI Pl B Ss s dd sws ss dsd slsp pl sss m s bd s s, w mpss
d pl mmds.
Contact for the Energy Security Initiative:Gd Asl
S Rs Asss
(202) 797-6231
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E N E R G Y S E C U R I T Y I N I T I A T I V E
H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
ii
C Eb (E.)Chals Ebn s a sno llow and dcto o
th Eny Scty Intatv at Bookns. H
has mo than 35 yas o xpnc spcalz-
n n ntnatonal and domstc ny makts
(ol, as, coal, and ncla) and th opoltcs o
ny, and has svd as an ny polcy adv-
so to ov 50 ovnmnts.
AboUT ThE AUThoRS
J BJohn P. Banks s a nonsdnt llow at th Eny
Scty Intatv at Bookns. H spcalzs n
wokn wth ovnmnts, compans and -
latos n stablshn and stnthnn polcs,
nstttons and latoy amwoks that po-
mot sstanabl ny sctos, wth a patcla
ocs on mn makts and lctcty. H has
wokd n ov 0 conts.
K MKvn Massy s th assocat dcto o th En-
y Scty Intatv at th Bookns Instt-
ton wh s sponsbl o th manamnt
o sach pojcts on domstc US and lobal
ny polcy. Hs wok ocss on th opol-
tcs o ny and th conomcs o low-cabon
dvlopmnt. A om jonalst, most cntly
as a contbto to T Economst maazn, h
has wttn xtnsvly on mn tchnolos
n th lobal ny and tanspotaton sctos.
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E N E R G Y S E C U R I T Y I N I T I A T I V E
H u m a n Re s o u Rc e D e ve l o p m e n t n n e w n u c l e a R e n e Rg y s t a t es :
c a s e s t u D e s F R o m t H e m D D l e e a s t
iii
his valuable recommendations or strengthening
the paper, and to Govinda Avasarala or his ed-
iting and research support. Tanks are also due
to Gail Chale, Rebecca White and ina renkner
or their help with the editing and publication
process.
he authors are grateul to ocials in the en-ergy ministries and nuclear energy agenciesand regulators o the subject countries that par-
ticipated in this research. Tey would also like
to thank William B. Andrews o Battelle or his
thoughtul and thorough review o the dra and
ACkNowlEdGmENTS
Brookings recognizes that the value it provides to any supporter is in
its absolute commitment to quality, independence and impact. Activi-
ties supported by its donors refect this commitment, and the analysis
and recommendations o the Institutions scholars are not determined
by any donation.
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E N E R G Y S E C U R I T Y I N I T I A T I V E
H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
iv
ExECE SMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ES C MEK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Dfnton o Hman Rsoc Dvlopmnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Famwok o Analyss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
E B EMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Ncla Pow Poam Stats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Natonal Staty o Hman Rsocs Dvlopmnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Challns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Ncla Pow Poam Stats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Natonal Staty o Hman Rsocs Dvlopmnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Challns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
KE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Ncla Pow Poam Stats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Natonal Staty o Hman Rsocs Dvlopmnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Challns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
CCSS ECMMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
HRD Staty and Stats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Majo Challns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Rcommndatons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
TAblEof CoNTENTS
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H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
v
als n th scto. T onon dplomatc
mpass ov Ians sspctd ncla wapons
poam dmonstats th pls o th dal-s
nat o ncla tchnoloy n nal and th
hhtnd snstvty aond ncla pol-
aton n th Mddl East n patcla. o mtths challns, t s ssntal that nw ncla
ny stats dvlop th nstttonal and hman
capacty to n th poams comptntly and
sstanably. Aanst ths backdop, ths pap as-
ssss hman soc dvlopmnt (HRD) n th
Untd Aab Emats (UAE), Jodan, and ky
aanst ths two cta. Its fndns, psntd
as ndvdal cas stds, a basd on n-dpth
ntvws wth ocals and psntatvs om
th conts nd vw and psntatvs
om xtnal ntnatonal oanzatons, as wll
as th otpt om a ondtabl dscsson hostd
by Bookns n Ab Dhab n May 0 .
Wth wdly vayn conomc, poltcal, and
socal contxts, ach o th th conts n-
d vw has dnt HRD qmnts and
objctvs. A compaatv analyss o ach con-
ty accodn to a standadzd st o mtcs s
tho mpactcal. Howv, whl ach con-
ty has nq challns latd to ts ndvdal
ccmstancs, t s also possbl to dnty aas
o latv sccss and concn wth ad to
ladn HRD pactcs.
Wth a hh lvl o sovn walth, and a
wll-omlatd, wll-atclatd staty o th
h Mddl East s lkly to play host to thfst nwcom cvl ncla ny stats oth st cnty. T las o th Untd Aab
Emats wht pap otlnn ts pacl n-
cla pow staty n 008 was ollowd by th
pchas o o ncla pow actos n 009,all o whch a pojctd to b opatonal by
00. Jodan has compltd th fst sta o a
tnd o ts ncla ny poam and ntnds
to hav at last on acto connctd to th d
by 00. A many stalld plans to stablsh a
cvl ncla poam, ky has fnalzd an
amnt wth th Rssan Fdaton o th
povson o o actos, also schdld to b-
n dploymnt by th nd o th dcad. T n-
todcton o cvl ncla pow n th on s
dvn by a st o common motvatons: conomc
owth combnd wth ncasnly xpnsv
ossl l-basd pow naton and own
concn ov cabon mssons and oth poll-
ton hav ld ach o th th conts to s
ncla ny as a sc cabon- soc o
pow naton.
A a lon hats, th lkly nty o sval
nw stats nto th lobal ncla pow scto
psnts a nmb o npcdntd challns.
Whl th ntodcton o a nw naton o
acto tchnolos maks ncla pow a po-
tntally sa and mo polaton sstant op-
ton than v bo, th catastophc accdnt at
Japans Fkshma Dach plant n 0 dmon-
stats th consqncs o tchncal and hman
ExECUTIVE SUmmARY
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C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
vi
staty o th mplmntaton o ts ncla
poam, Jodans polcy maks hav com nd
ncasn pss om th pblc to jsty th
nd o t. Fal by th ovnmnt to addss
ths concns thoh adqat stakhold n-
amnt has ld th pblc to th qston
th conomc atonal and th ltmacy o th
poam, and to lctanc on th pat o som
ocals to sppot t. Wth dcasn poltcal
and tho fnancalsppot, concns abot
th poam hav mltpld. T consqncs
o ths natv spal o HRD a patclaly
cla as ntst amon potntal stdnts n n-
cla-latd d poams has dmnshd.
Jodans cas dmonstats th ctcal mpo-
tanc o stakhold namnt n bldn th
pblc sppot and th hman capacty to nabl
th dploymnt o ncla pow.
ky has a mo xpnc wth ncla sc-
nc than th th UAE o Jodan. Whl th
conty has stld to dvlop commcal-
lvl ncla pow, ts ncla-latd dcaton
poams hav bn stablshd o dcads. An
ndstalzd naton o 75 mllon popl, -
ky also has a boad bas o hman captal on
whch to daw, ncldn a la, wll-dcatdcad o nns. kys HRD-latd chal-
lns n th scto tho lat lss to th
contys capacty and mo to th nat o th
amnt t has stck wth ts Rssan patns,
whch wll fnanc, bld, own, and opat ts
fst ncla pow plant. Whl th commcal
tms o ths dal a vy attactv om kys
pspctv, th tchncal complxty o th poj-
ct, whch s sn a Rssan acto tchnoloy
cntly not dployd anywh n th wold, s
potntal cas o concn. Wth no opatonalxpnc o commcal-scal ncla pow,
th host conty may b vlnabl to a staton
o nomaton asymmty n whch th ksh
lato may not hav scnt xpts and
capacty to comptntly ovs an xpncd
Rssan pojct company n th constcton and
mplmntaton o cvl ncla pow, th UAE
has th most comphnsv appoach to HRD
amon th conts nd vw. Both ts n-
cla lato and ts ncla ny mplmn-
taton oanzaton hav dtald, nstttonal-
zd appoachs to HRD, and th stablshmnt
o a adat poam o ncla nns as
wll as a vocatonal poam o ncla tchn-
cans dmonstats a mlt-actd dcaton and
tann staty. T pncpal challns o th
UAE lat to ts ablty to concl th xtnsv
nds o ts cvl ncla poam, whch s bn
mplmntd accodn to an assv tmtabl
and basd on a acto tchnoloy that cntly
has no opatonal hstoy, and th objctvs o
ctn th qst nmb o qalfd na-
tonals nto tann poams and possonal
postons. T nd to mantan qalty contol n
ts dcatonal poams may n cont to th
ncssty o ctn and tann th nmb
o stdnts ncssay to povd th t ncl-
a-latd wokoc. Moov, th dv towad
achvn mnmm lvls o natonal patcpa-
ton n th ncla-ny wokoc, nds-
cmnatly nocd, may hav natv cons-
qncs o comptncy n th scto.
Jodan acs mo challns than th UAE wth
ad to ppadnss o a cvl ncla po-
am. Whl th conty has a la dcatd
poplatonwth thosands o adats n
tchncal dscplns adatn vy yath
conty has a w fnancal socs. As a
slt, Jodan can nth aod th sam lvl
o dct nvstmnt n ts ncla pow assts
no th sam lvl o sppot o dcatonal and
ovnmntal nstttons wth a ol n ncla-
scto HRD as that ond n th UAE.
Howv, Jodans challns o byond thos -
latd to fnancal consdatons. Som o th b-
st obstacls wth ad to ts ncla poam
a th slt o a lack o pblc-scto coodna-
ton and commncaton. Wth no ovachn
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C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
vii
Qalty contol ntatvs shold ncld
mt-basd ctmnt, ntnatonal
bnchmakn and vndo nvolvmnt
Stakhold namnt shold b a co
lmnt o nw ncla ny poamsHRD stats
HRD stats shold b dsnd
aond th opatonal nds o th n-
cla ndsty ath than aond hh-
pofl acadmc poams
Nw ncla ny stats adoptn nw
acto tchnolos shold allocat ad-
dtonal HRD tm and socs to b-
com an ntllnt cstom
Natonal qota polcs shold b xbl
to th nds o nw ncla poams
Ronal coopaton shold not b -
ld pon as th pmay o majo soc
o HRD n th ncla scto
opaton o a nw dsn o Rssan acto. T
ablty o th ksh ncla scto to bld th
ncssay ppln o ncla capacty and nds-
ty clt to bcom an ntllnt cstom o
ncla tchnoloy may b th mpdd by
th nat o th HRD amnt t has wth ts
Rssan patns, thoh whch ksh ncl-
a nns a tand n Rssa ath than at
hom.
Basd on th conclsons om th th conty
cas stds, th pap os a ss o com-
mndatons on comptnc and sstanablty--
latd HRD sks o th th vwd conts
and mn makt natons lookn to nt th
cvl ncla scto.
Ts commndatons a:
HRD shold b a cntal pat o a nw
ncla ny stats staty
HRD poams shold plac a la m-
phass on saty clt
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H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
1
xpatat tchncans and consltants may pov
to b nsstanabl, and otlnd th pospct o
knowld sk thoh whch a cad o old,xpatat advsos conclds ts tn bo ad-
qatly tansn knowld to th domstc
wokoc.
T stdy commndd that th aspant ncla
pow stats n th Mddl East wok to pt n
plac a lon-tm ncntv stct to ns
that th qst xpts s mantand as thy
bld ndnos capacty. Fo thos conts
wth lmtd xstn possonal xpts, t
commndd that xpatat possonals b -tand as sta o nwly stablshd ntts, and
that sch xpatats shold povd on-th-job
tann o th natonal sta wokn alonsd
thm. It th commndd th conts n
th on smltanosly ocs on tann a do-
mstc wokoc wth th qst sklls ncs-
say to kp pac wth th volton o th ncla
poam thoh ts vaos stas o constcton
and opaton. Fnally, th pot sstd that
on potntal mans o achvn th ncssay
tann may b th stablshmnt o a onalcnt o xcllnc to tan ncla tchncans
and nns om aond th on.
In 0 th Bookns Eny Scty Intatvpblshd Modls Fo Aspant Ncla En-y Natons n th Mddl East, a compaatvanalyss o nn conts n th on n ood
standn wth th Intnatonal Atomc Eny
Ancy (IAEA) that had dmonstatd ntst n
cvl ncla pow poams. T stdy assssd
th poltcal, conomc, fnancal, and tchn-
cal stats o th cvl ncla ny plans n th
Untd Aab Emats, Jodan, ky, Eypt,
Sad Aaba, Kwat, Bahan, Qata, Oman and
Bahan. O ths conts, thth UAE, Jo-
dan, and kyw sn to b th most lkly
to mov ahad wth a ncla pow poam nth mdm tm.
On o th pncpal fndns o th 0 stdy
was that bldn and mantann th ncssay
hman capacty to n both ncla poams
and pblc scto ncla-latd nstttons s
a ctcal componnt n th dvlopmnt o sa,
sc and sstanabl cvl ncla poams n
th Mddl East. T stdy ond that conts n
th on hav wdly vayn lvls o xpts
and that ach conty conzs th nd o l-anc on ntnatonal assstanc n vaos oms
n th na tm. It concldd that dpndnc on
INTRodUCTIoN
Modls o Aspant Cvl Ncla Eny Natons n th Mddl East, Bookns Insttton, Sptmb 7, 0 (Bookns 0). Each conty has xpssd an ntnton to hav d-connctd ncla pow n th nxt tn yas.
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H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
2
a ncla pow poam: th UAE, Jodan, and
ky. Ts th conts dmonstat a va-
ty o statn condtons lkly to b ncontd
by oth mn makt conts lookn to
mplmnt ncla pow. T xpncs and
challns can tho b sn to hold valabl
lssons o oth aspant ncla ny stats
both n th Mddl East and aond th wold.
Basd on n-dpth ntvws wth ocals and
psntatvs om th conts nd vw
and psntatvs om xtnal ntnatonal
oanzatons as wll as th otpt om a ond-
tabl dscsson n May 0 hld n Ab Dhab,
th stdy otlns th xstn nstttonal capac-
ty and stats o th dvlopmnt o ncla
possonals n ach o th th conts. It po-
vds an ovvw o th majo hman soc
challns aanst a dfnd st o paamts and
conclds wth a ss o commndatons o
addssn ths challns.
T ss o HRD has takn on mo snfcanc
n th wak o th catastophc accdnt at th F-
kshma Dach plant n Japan n Mach 0. In
Jn 0 th IAEA pomlatd an Acton Plan
on Ncla Saty n spons to th accdnt.
On o th xplct commndatons o th IAEA
plan was th nd amon Mmb Stats mbak-
n on a ncla pow poam to stnthn,
dvlop, mantan and mplmnt th capacty
bldn poams, ncldn dcaton, tann
and xcss at th natonal, onal and nt-
natonal lvls; [and] to contnosly ns s-
fcnt and comptnt hman socs ncssay
to assm th sponsblty o sa, sponsbl
and sstanabl s o ncla tchnolos.3
Ts pap blds on th conclsons and com-
mndatons o th 0 Bookns pap and th
IAEA commndatons. It ocss on th ss o
HRD thoh cas stds o th th conts
n th on wth mdm-tm pospcts o
3 IAEA Acton Plan on Ncla Saty, Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy, Sptmb 0, p.5.
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C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
3
T pmay consdaton n wokoc plan-nn s an assssmnt o th psnt and t
comptncy qmnts latv to avalabl
sklls. o bld th ncssay lvl o hman ca-
pacty to constct, opat, mantan and -
lat a ncla pow poam, conts q a
cohnt, ntatd assssmnt o th nmb o
psonnl and skll sts qd o ach o th
poams nctonal aas. Wokoc plannn s
a vtal pocss n nsn that spcfc nstttons
hav th capacty to cay ot th wd natonal
objctvs o th cvl ncla pow poam. TIAEA commnds that nwcom conts con-
dct wokoc plannn assssmnts o ach o
th th pmay oanzatons nvolvd n th
stablshmnt o nw ncla poamsth n-
cla ny poam mplmntaton oanza-
ton (NEPIO); th lato; and th opatn o-
anzatonat ach o th th mlston phass
(asblty; st nvstaton and bd ppaatons;
dsn, constcton, and commssonn).
einition o Human esourceevelopment
T IAEAs Mlstons n th Dvlopmnt o
a Natonal Inastct o Ncla Pow
(Mlstons) docmnt dntfs HRD as on
o th 9 ky nastct sss that con-
ts shold addss whn mbakn on th d-
vlopmnt o a nw cvl ncla pow poam.
Howv, HRD s not a standalon consdaton;
most o th oth 8 ctcal nastct sss
om stablshmnt o a latoy amwok
to mncy plannn and wast manamnt
a ndpnnd by th nd o comptnt h-man captal.4
T fld o HRD ncompasss a wd an o
sss, ann om ctmnt to tmnt
plannn.5 Gvn th ocs o ths stdy on nw
commcal ncla pow stats, th aas o
HRD that a most lvant a:
Wokoc plannn
ann and Edcaton
Rctmnt Stakhold Enamnt
dEfINITIoNSANd ANAlYTICAl fRAmEwoRk
4 Mlstons n th Dvlopmnt o a Natonal Inastct o Ncla Pow, Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy, Sptmb 007.5 Accodn to th IAEA, th nn pncpal aas o HRD a: wokoc plannn, tann and dcaton, ctmnt, mnaton,
sccsson plannn, pomanc manamnt, ca manamnt, and tmnt. Fom Wokoc Plannn o Nw Ncla PowPoamms, Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy, Fbay 0.
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C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
4
to nt tann and dcaton poams, and o
possonal postons. Rctmnt nvolvs mo
than ntvws and th omal hn pocss o
ncla possonals. As th man mplmnta-
ton pocss o th wokoc plan, t shold b a
oos mt-basd pocss. Howv, t shold
b nomd byand lnkd to th boad
oals o th ncla poam, ncldn thos o
clt, possonal vals, and atttd, as wll as
th ap analyss sltn om th wokoc plan-
nn xcs. Rctmnt s also closly lnkd to
stakhold namnt: th sks, bnfts, and
oals o th cvl ncla poam a not com-
mncatd adqatly, th s th potntal o -
ctmntat both th acadmc and possonal
lvlsto b natvly actd.
S E
T IAEA mphaszs that t s o th tmost m-
potanc to povd oppotnts o stakhold
nvolvmnt and to look o nw ways to obtan
stakhold npt and commnds that all con-
ts cat nstmnts that nhanc stakhold
nvolvmnt wth ad to th dvlopmnt o
nw ncla pow pojcts.7 Whl th IAEA d-
fns stakhold namnt as a spaat kyss aa n Mlstons, ths stdy nclds t
as an ss that alls sqaly wthn th catoy
o HRD. T xtnt to whch ovnmnts and
pblc scto nstttons n th ncla scto
commncat and conslt wth oth stakhold-
snon-ovnmntal oanzatons, consm
ops, th mda, and th nal pblchas a
ston mpact on th dvlopmnt o th ncs-
say hman capacty to mak th poam vabl.
T ncla scto wll only attact hh-qalty
stdnts yon popl s th scto as a otto a wadn caboth n montay tms
as wll as satsacton n makn a contbton to
E
Onc th wokoc plannn pocss s complt,
nw ncla ny stats a acd wth th chal-
ln o addssn comptncy aps. Ts s don
pmaly thoh bldn p th acadmc and
vocatonal nastct o povdn a pp-
ln o sklld woks domstcally, o thoh
ctmnt o canddats om th domstc o
ntnatonal labo pool. Fo conts wth no x-
pnc n commcal-scal ncla pow, th
s lkly to b a lmtd xstn acadmc bas n
th qst ncla flds. Consqntly, con-
ts lookn to dvlop ndnos capacty ac
th snfcant challn o stablshn and sta-
n nvsts, colls, and oth tann acl-
ts at at admnstatv and fnancal xpns.
Sch nsttton bldn s also tm-consmn.
Accodn to th IAEA, som spcalsts n th
ncla fld q 5-0 yas o tann and
xpnc. T tm qd o nw domstc
dcatonal aclts to povd sch tann wll
b lon as th nstttons thmslvs wll nd
to b stablshd fst. Sch spcalsts, howv,
mak p only a mnoty o th ncssay wok-
oc. By som calclatons, only 0 to 35 pcnt
o th wokoc qd o a cvl ncla nypoam nd to b dcatd to a coll-d
lvl, and o ths nmb, only 0 pcnt nd to
hav a backond n ncla nnn.6 Whn
bldn p th dcatonal nastct to sp-
pot a cvl ncla ny poam, th opa-
tonal qmnts o th poam, ncldn th
nmb o popl and lvl o tann qd,
shold b a pmay consdaton.
Rctmnt s an ssntal aspct o HRD stat-
y mplmntaton both o canddats lookn
6 Psntaton by L Pddcod, dcto o Ncla Pow Insttt and posso o ncla nnn at xas A&M Unvsty, to IAEAGnal Connc, Vnna, Asta, Sptmb 0.
7 Stakhold Involvmnt n Ncla Isss, Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy, 006, p. 3.
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5
Comptnc os byond th ablty o ndvdals
to pom th sponsblts. It also compss
a clt o saty and scty that pvads th
nt ncla scto at all lvls o th wokoc.
Indd, th IAEA maks cla that dvlopmnt o
a comptnt ncla wokoc has to nvolv cl-
tal as wll as tchncal dcaton. T a va-
os appoachs to saty clt: n som conts
th a ddcatd nvsty coss on saty
clt, whl n oths t s th pvw o ndvd-
al nstttons. Clt s also an ss whn n-
tatn xpatats: som latos hav ndc-
ton poams wh xpatats an an nsht
nto th wokplac dynamcs o th host conty.
Sb s to th xtnt to whch a
conty posssss th lon-tm hman capac-
ty qd to opat, mantan, and lat ts
cvl ncla pow assts.
On o th pncpal concns wth ad to ss-
tanablty s an ovlanc on xtnal xpts.
Sch lanc dn th aly stas o a ncla
pow poam s not n tsl a ason o con-
cn. In nstancs wh ncla pow s bn
dvlopd accodn to an acclatd schdl,
th s an obvos nd o a sbstantal amonto qalfd, xpncd hman captal to ns
th sa and sc stablshmnt o th poam;
ndd th IAEA commnds nwcom con-
ts should ly on ntnatonal xpts and
sppot oanzatons n stablshn th ncs-
say domstc nstttonal nastct, and
that nwcom conts may nc naccpt-
abl sks n tms o tm and costs thy ty to
bld a natonal capablty om scatch.9
Howv, n th lon tm, ovlanc by nw-com contsspcally thos lookn to d-
vlop snfcant ncla ny poamson x-
tnal xpts lavs sch conts sscptbl
socty and natonal owth. Fal to na n a
dalo wth cvl socty can slt n dobt ov
th ovnmnts commtmnt o capablts to
mana th poam, ladn to a lack o ctanty
on th pat o potntal cts.
ramework or nalysis
Ts stdy assms that a sccssl HRD stat-
y mst st on two cntal pllas: comptnc
and sstanablty.
C s th ablty o th host conty to b
an ntllnt cstom and a qalfd ovs
o a cvl ncla pow poam. Comptnc
can b sn as nsn that th ht popl a nth ht plac at th ht tm. T challns to
th dvlopmnt o a comptnt domstc ncla
wokoc ncld th stablshmnt and man-
tnanc o th hhst possonal standads. At
th most ndamntal lvl, comptnc qs
that ndvdals nvolvd n th constcton and
opaton o a ncla pow poam hav th
ncssay tann, sklls, and xpnc to n-
s onon saty and scty. Comptnc also
appls to th nstttons that hav sponsblty
o th lcnsn, laton and ovsht o thncla poam. T nd o latoy comp-
tnc s patclaly mpotant n nwcom cvl
ncla natons, whch a lkly to ly havly on
xtnal xpts n th ntal stas o th dvl-
opmnt o th poams. Whl n many cass
a thd paty may b th pmay ntty nvolvd
n th constcton and opaton o a nw plant,
th IAEA maks cla that th sponsblty o
saty o a ncla poam cannot b dlatd
to anoth conty o oanzaton.8 As th p-
sntatvs o th sovn host conty, la-tos nd to b abl to valat all aspcts o a nw
ncla pow poam wth ad to domstc
laws and ntnatonal bst pactc.
8 Ibd p. 7.9 Ibd, pp.5-8.
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6
and pblc sppot. T pncpal consdaton
n achvn sch sppot s thoh ts stak-
hold namnt, an ncasnly mpotant
aspct o th dvlopmnt and mplmntaton
o a cvl ncla pow poam. In addton to
th pmay ovnmnt ntts, a an o oth
stakholds, ncldn th mda, NGOs, th
nal pblc, opnon lads, and natonal and
local ovnmnt ocals, hav a ol n th po-
ams sccss and sstanablty.
Stakhold nvolvmnt s an ntal compo-
nnt o HRD o two majo asons: to v l-
tmacy n th ys o th pblc to th ncla
poam tsl, and ths to ns t ans th
qst lvl o sppot om polcy maks,
pvat ndsty, and cvl socty; and to lay th
ondatons o th t wokoc by dcatn
th nxt naton abot th oppotnts o a
ca n th ncla scto. Fal to xct a
cla stakhold namnt staty can lad
to stakhold sk, n whch sstanc to ncla
pow n nal and dcd ntst on th pat
o wold-b ncla possonals thatns th
vablty and sstanablty o th poam.
to sstanablty sk o a vaty o asons. Wth
a la nmb o md-and sno lvl ncla
possonals st to t lobally ov th nxt
dcad, and sval nwcom conts compt-
n o scac hman captal, th challn to at-
tact and tan xtnal xpts s lkly to n-
cas ov tm.
Gvn th shot-tm nat o many o th m-
ploymnt contacts od by mn ncla-
ny conts, patclaly n th Mddl East,
th nsstanablty o th wokoc has th po-
tntal to b xacbatd by a lack o lon-tm
job scty o xpatat mploys, who may
b mo lkly to sk altnatv mploymnt at
qnt ntvals. Fnally, n th vnt o a css
whth conomc, poltcal, o nvonmntal
th ablty o xpatats, who on lack lt-
mat athoty, to spond ctvly, and th
wllnnss to man n-conty n th amath
may b sbjct to qston. On o th pncpal
ways to ns sstanablty s thoh th d-
vlopmnt o a ppln o ndnos posson-
als, whch n tn qs a sond dcatonal
nastct and staty o hman soc
dvlopmnt.
A la pat o th sstanablty o a ncla po-
am s th xtnt to whch t njoys nstttonal
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C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
7
schdld to b onln by 00a tmam that
s hhly ambtos o a nw ncla ny stat.
In Novmb 00, ENEC, th ntty that s -sponsbl o th ownshp, constcton and d-
ploymnt o th contys ncla pow plants,
cvd lcnss om FANR o st ppaaton
and lmtd constcton o non-plant lmnts
at th st o th ncla pow plant n Baakah,
n wstn UAE. Ts was ollowd n Jly 0
by nvonmntal appoval o th Baakah st as
wll as th awadn o ll constcton lcnss
o th fst two actos. ENEC has snc statd
constcton on th fst o o ncla actos.
ational Strategy or Humanesources evelopment
T UAEs 008 polcy pap statd that any n-
dtakn by th UAE to dvlop a ncla pow
poam wold b accompand by a staty to
stnthn hman socs to mt t sta-
n qmnts. T docmnt lad ot th
nd o th dvlopmnt o scnt socs
to lat, mana, opat, and mantan th
saty o ncla aclts, and th nd o asklld cad o ncla nns, tchncans
and latoy psonnl.
uclear Power Program Status
O th th conts nd vw, th UAEhas mad th most poss to dat towad th
dvlopmnt o a cvl ncla pow capacty.
Follown th las o ts polcy pap n 008,
th conty stablshd a lal amwok and n-
stttonal bass o th poam wth th oma-
ton o th Emats Ncla Eny Copoaton
(ENEC) and th Fdal Athoty o Ncla
Rlaton (FANR).0
A a compttv dalo wth a ss o po-
spctv vndos, th UAE ad to pchas oncla actos om a Koan consotm ld by
th Koan Elctc Pow Company (KEPCO) n
009. T amnt mad povson o th con-
stcton and ntal opaton o o APR400
ncla actos wth a combnd pow na-
ton capacty o 5600MW. T amnt btwn
th UAE and KEPCO mad povson o assoc-
atd l spply, mantnanc, and tann and
dcaton o Emat ncla possonals.
Accodn to th UAEs natonal staty, th fsto th contys ncla actos s schdld
to b opatonal n 07, wth all o actos
UNITEd ARAb EmIRATES
0 Polcy o th Untd Aab Emats on th Evalaton and Potntal Dvlopmnt o Pacl Ncla Eny, th UAE ovnmnt, Apl0, 008.
Ibd, p.4.
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C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
8
to mploy dvlopmnt. Basd on an ntnal
vw, ENEC pojcts t wll nd btwn 900
and ,000 popatonal sta by 06, a com-
bnd wokoc o aond ,400 popatonal
and opatonal sta n 07 whn th UAEs fst
acto s pojctd to com onln, and a p-
mannt opatonal sta o aond 00 n 00,
whn th contys o actos a schdld
to b opatonal (s 1 o mo dtals).
Accodn to ENECs valatons, only a mnoty
o th plants sta nd to b ncla nns.
Oth possonals wll ncld mchancal, lc-
tcal, chmcal and pow nns; compt
scntsts; and tchncans. ENEC says that IAEAs
danc on HRD has hlpd t to mplmnt th
commcal aspcts o HRD and has povdd
hlpl bnchmaks and pspctv.
T conty s takn a wd ann appoach
to HRD n th cvl ncla scto. Ts staty
s ld by ENEC and FANR n collaboaton wth
domstc and ntnatonal acadmc nstttons
and th Koan vndo consotm. Both ENEC
and FANR hav dvlopd ovachn ntnal
hman soc dvlopmnt stats and a
povdn npt to th dsn o tann po-
ams amd at dvlopn a ncla wokoc.
EEC
As th UAEs Ncla Eny Poam Implmn-
taton Oanzaton (NEPIO), ENEC s takn
a boad and dntatd appoach to ts HRD
staty. T copoaton has a dpatmnt dd-
catd to capacty bldn and tann and anoth-
Atho ntvw wth ENEC xctvs, Janay 0.
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2012 2019201820172016201520142013 2020
Pre-Ops Ops
Cumulative Resources 2012-2020
Figure 1: Estmatd Hman Rsocs o th UAEs Ncla Pow Poam
Source: ENEC
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9
poam, whl adat stdnts a qd to
wok o twc th lnth o th acadmc po-
ams. In 0, ENEC od 75 postons to Em-
at stdnts n th ncla ny scholashp po-
am.3
Higher Diploma in Nuclear echnology
o addss th dmand o sklld ncla tchn-
cans and oth non-nnn plant psonnl,
th UAEs Insttt o Appld chnoloy (IA)
s dvlopn a postsconday vocatonal tan-
n poam calld a Hh Dploma n Ncla
chnoloy (HDN). T HDN poam, whch
has bn dvlopd by IA n coodnaton wth
ENEC and KEPCO, s th ashp poam o Ab
Dhab Polytchnc, a nw nsttton stablshd
to tan possonals o mploymnt n aas o
mn tchnolos. Stdnts n th HDN
cos a sponsod by ENEC, whch aan-
ts mploymnt to adats o th poam.
T poams syllabs, whch was dvlopd n
clos collaboaton wth KEPCO, combns n-
al acadmc and tchncal nstcton at th
IA wth on-th-job tann at opatn actos
ovsas ncldn th APR400 nc ac-
to n Bsan, Soth Koa, whch wll sv as thmodl o th UAEs plants. T naal class o
stdnts matclatd n Sptmb 0, and th
HDN poam cvd acadmc accdtaton
n Fbay o 0 ollown appoval om an
xtnal vw tam compsd o aclty mm-
bs om U.S. nvsts and lswh. T
poam s a th-ya ll tm cos o stdy,
whch tans stdnts n th ndamntals o n-
nn, ncla tchnoloy and APR400 sys-
tms as wll as povdn o acadmc qats
o on-th-job tann n Soth Koa. T po-am os stdnts th oppotnty to spcalz
n ppaaton o spcfc ols, ncldn plant
opatos, chmsts, adaton potcton tchn-
cans, nstmntaton and contol tchncans,
Toh ts Capacty Bldn am, ENEC s
adoptn a mlt-pond appoach to dvlop-
n th wokoc ncssay o opaton o ts
ncla pow plants.
University Degrees in Nuclear Engineering; Schol-
arship Program
T ondaton o th UAEs t cad o
ncla nns a th omal ds od
domstcally by th Khala Unvsty o Sc-
nc, chnoloy and Rsach, and ntnaton-
ally thoh patnshps wth ovsas nvs-
ts. Khala Unvsty os a two-ya Masts
d that s opn only to UAE natonals. T
poam cts canddats wth ndadat
ds n lvant nnn, scnc o math-
basd flds, and compss a co taht cc-
lm, a sl-dctd pojct componnt, and fld
tps o th povson o hands-on xpnc and
tann. T s cntly no ncla nnn
ndadat d od wthn th UAE.
In patnshp wth FANR, ENEC povds st-
dnts lookn to ps a ca n th ncla fld
wth a ll scholashp. T UAE Ncla Eny
Scholashp ntatv s a collaboaton btwnENEC, FANR, and Khala Unvsty. T schola-
shp poam s amd at ttn UAE natonals to
stdy ncla, chmcal, lctcal, and mchancal
nnn at th ndadat lvl and ncla
nnn at th adat lvl n th UAE tsl
o at nstttons n Koa o th Untd Stats. St-
dnts that lfll th nty qmnts a povd-
d wth ll tton, a stpnd, and a pomanc-
basd bons. Upon adaton, thos stdnts who
hav cvd a scholashp a qd to wok
o ENEC, FANR o Khala Unvsty o a mn-mm pod o tm (sbjct to th qmnts o
thos nstttons); adats om ndadat
poams a qd to wok o at last th lnth
o tm thy w stdyn nd th scholashp
3 75 Scholashps Avalabl n Gown Ncla Eny Indsty, Emats Ncla Eny Copoaton, May 4, 0. (http://nc.ov.a/mda-cnt/nws/contnt/nc-opns-0-ntak-o-ncla-ny-scholashp-poam).
http://enec.gov.ae/media-centre/news/content/enec-opens-2012-intake-for-nuclear-energy-scholarship-programhttp://enec.gov.ae/media-centre/news/content/enec-opens-2012-intake-for-nuclear-energy-scholarship-programhttp://enec.gov.ae/media-centre/news/content/enec-opens-2012-intake-for-nuclear-energy-scholarship-programhttp://enec.gov.ae/media-centre/news/content/enec-opens-2012-intake-for-nuclear-energy-scholarship-program -
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C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
10
tans and danc. As pat o ts scholashp
poam, ENEC also snds scholashp stdnts
to Sol o th Scholashp Koan Indsty Po-
am, whch povds thm wth an oppotnty
to obsv an opatonal ncla plant and mt
wth ncla ndsty oanzatons.
SUDO High School Program
Collaboaton wth Koan dcatonal nstt-
tons s also bn xtndd to ncld hh-school
stdnts thoh th SUDO poam, whch s
a collaboaton btwn ENEC, IA, KEPCO, and
th Sol-basd Sdo Elctc chncal Hh
School. Toh th poam, th-ad hh
school stdnts a vn th oppotnty to tav-
l to Koa dn th smm to stdy pactcal
and thotcal aspcts o th cvl ncla nds-
ty. T annal poam was fst od n th
smm o 00. In 0, 36 hh school stdnts
mad th -day vst.
In addton to th Capacty Bldn tam, ENEC
has anoth ntatv ocsd on Copoat and
chncal ann and Lann and Dvlop-
mnt. Accodn to ENEC, ths ntatv stab-
lshs tann and dcaton poams o allmploys on an onon bass.
Culture and Recruitment
ENEC says t s lyn on sno ncla nds-
ty xpts to dsn, mplmnt, and nt
a ncla saty clt acoss ts oanzaton,
and th IAEA has pasd th copoaton o ts
poss n ths ad, fndn that n ts 0 In-
tatd Ncla Inastct Rvw (INIR),
that ENECs and FANRs mplmntaton o satyclt thohot th spctv oanzatons
consttts a ood pactc.5
lctcal mantnanc tchncans, and mchan-
cal mantnanc tchnolosts.
Senior Reactor Operator Program
o bld a cad o manas and sno-lvl s-
pvsos, ENEC has nstttd a Sno Racto
Opato Plot Poam. Accodn to ENEC, th
tann poam, whch s opn to qalfd n-
ns, nclds basc tann n plant systms and
ndamntals o ncla tchnoloy wth ov
480 hos o smlato tann. T poam,
whch s condctd n patnshp wth Wstn-
hos, adatd ts fst op o Sno Racto
Opato stdnts n 0. Ts fst class o st-
dnts wll bn plant-spcfc tann n acto
thoy ndamntals, plant systms, and on-th-
job-tann at opatn ncla pow plants n
Soth Koa n Fbay 03. T plant-spcfc
tann nclds an addtonal 600 hos o ad-
vancd smlato tann and ov ,800 hos o
on-th-job-tann.
Vendor country training programs
T KEPCO-ld Koan consotm constctn
th UAEs fst o ncla actos s an ntalpat o ENECs tann and hman soc stat-
y. Accodn to th tms o th pmay con-
tact, KEPCO s to povd p to 60 pcnt o th
opatn sta o th plants ncssay.4 an-
n and hman-soc dvlopmnt a ncld-
d nd th tms o th contactal amnt
btwn ENEC and th consotm. Accodn
to ENEC, collaboaton wll ncld on-th-job
tann o sno Emat psonnl at Koa
Hydo & Ncla Pow (KHNP), a sbsday o
KEPCO, as wll as a mnton poam thohwhch xpncd Koan possonals wll b
assnd to tans om th UAE o knowld
4 Td Sm-Annal Rpot 0, Foth Sm-Annal Rpot 0, and Fh Sm-Annal Rpot 0, Intnatonal Advsoy Boad,0-0.
5 Rpot on th Intatd Ncla Inastct Rvw (INIR) Msson to Rvw th Stats o th Natonal Ncla Inastct n thUAE, Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy, Janay 0, p.5.
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H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
11
consstn pdomnantly o UAE possonals
wth sppot om ntnatonal xpts.
In ts plans o dvlopn ts domstc wokoc,
FANR s basn ts staty closly on tchncal
advc om th IAEA, and patclaly th com-
ptncy amwok otlnd by IAEA chdoc
54.9 Its staty s basd on o man tchncal
aas o whch sta nd to b tand: scty,
saads, adaton saty, and ncla saty; as
wll as th knowld lvls:
B : povdn th basc concpts
and pncpls o saty, scty and sa-
ads. Basc lvl tann qs tan-
s to attnd both ntnal and xtnal
poams. T latt nclds a masts
d poam n patnshp wth th
Koan Insttt o Ncla Saty and
th Koa Advancd Insttt o Scnc
and chnoloy; and dstanc-lann
postadat poams on halth and
saty n patnshp wth Rsktc, a man-
amnt consltn company, and Lv-
pools John Moos Unvsty n th
Untd Kndom. It also sponsos tan-
n poams thoh th Gl NclaEny Inastct Insttt (GNEII,
dscbd lat n ths scton).
Sz : ppan sta to con-
dct tasks o lmtd complxty nd
th spvson o a mo sno sta.
Spcalzd tann s blt aond sv-
al qalfcaton poams. T Inspc-
to Qalfcaton Poamm s nomd
by a qalfcaton commtt that was
Sno ENEC xctvs mphasz th copoa-
tons ots at nstlln a tanspant and blam-
wokn nvonmnt, and th company has
nstttd a polcy whby any mploy can n-
tat a stop wok od at any tm thy l a
staton s nsa.6
In addton to ts wok on saty clt, ENEC
s also wokn on nsn that ts mploys
sbscb to a dsd st o wokn standads
and lvl o motvaton. In valatn canddats
o ts scholashp poam, ENEC xctvs say
thy hav nstttd a oos fltn systm to
dnty commttd stdnts, whch nclds both
psychomtc and apttd tstn. Accodn to
ENEC, comptton o jobs at th copoaton s
fc, and th copoatons at o attton n
aly 0 o svn pcnt was n ln wth ts
tats.7
T Fdal Athoty o Ncla Rlaton
(FANR)s HRD staty s basd on shot, m-
dm, and lon-tm oals. In th na tm, th
lato conzs that t nds to ct th
qst nmb o qalfd sta to stablsh acomphnsv lal and latoy amwok
o th cvl ncla scto, and condct all l-
cnsn pocds and nspctons. Ts sta,
mch o whch s alady n plac, nclds a la
nmb o xpatat mploys.8 In th mdm
tm, FANR plans to dvlop a sklld cad o
UAE natonals to tak on an ncasn nmb o
sponsblts as th lato whl tann a
snfcant lmnt o ntnatonal psonnl. In
th lon tm, th lato ss ts wokoc
6 S ENEC wbsts Clt o Saty scton. (http://www.nc.ov.a/clt-o-saty// )7 Intvw wth ENEC ocals, Janay 0.8 As o May 0, FANRs sta compsd 5 pcnt xpatats, and 48 pcnt Emats, wth a majoty o opatonal postons flld by
xpatats and th majoty o admnstatv postons flld by Emats. FANR Capacty Bldn Poam, psntaton by FANR, May0.
9 ann th Sta o th Rlatoy Body o Ncla Faclts: A Comptncy Famwok, IAEA-cdoc-954, Intnatonal AtomcEny Ancy, Novmb 00.
http://www.enec.gov.ae/culture-of-safety//http://www.enec.gov.ae/culture-of-safety// -
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C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
12
ppas a wok plan, asssts th mnt
n sttn dvlopmntal oals, and po-
vds dback to th mnt on a qa-
tly bass.
An ovvw o FANRs knowld amwok s
psntd n 2.
Relationship with Korean Vendor Partner
FANR mphaszs th mpotanc o th UAEs
Koan patns n bldn ts hman capacty. In
addton to th adat d poam otlnd
abov, th contact wth KEPCO maks povson
o xtnsv tann sppot om th Koan
patn. FANR cntly has a scond om th
Koan Insttt o Ncla Saty amon ts sta
n Ab Dhab.
stablshd nd th amwok o th
FANRs ntatd manamnt systm.
Oth poams nd dvlopmnt n-
cld a Saty Asssso Qalfcaton
Poamm, a Scty Qalfcaton
Poamm, Saads Qalfcaton
Poamm, and a tann poam o
Emncy Ppadnss and Rspons.
: ppan th sta to
pom tasks nd th own spon-
sblty n an atonomos way. Advanc
lvl tann s cntd on th concpt
o on-th-job tann, and s pdom-
natly sppotd by FANRs nsttton-
wd mnton poam thoh whch
sta mmbs a assnd a mo sno
mnto wthn th oanzaton, who
Figure 2: UAE Fdal Athoty o Ncla Rlaton Knowld Famwok
Kowldg
Lvl
Basc (2 yas)
Scalzd (2
yas)
Advacd (2
yas)
OperAtiOnS AreAS
Security Saeguards Radiation
Saety
Nuclear
Saety
FANR amiliarization Programme
Risktec Programme / GNEII / Kaist-KINS
Secondments at NRC / KINS / IAEA
Inspector Qualifcation Programme
Training on Emergency Planning and Response
Saety Assessor Qualifcation
Programme
On-the-job
Training
On-the-job
Training
On-the-job
Training
On-the-job
Training
Technical
Workshops
Technical
Workshops
Technical
Workshops
Technical
Workshops
TraineeDevelo
pmenT
Source: FANR
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H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
13
stdnts om aond th Gl Coopaton Con-
cl and Jodan, clmnats n a capston sach
pojct. In 0, at last stdnts compltd th
taht lmnts o th ndamntals cos, ac-
codn to Khala Unvsty.
Cb
In addton to th GNEII poam and th oth
ntnatonal poams pvosly ncd n
ths pot, th UAE has nad n a nmb o
oth oms o ntnatonal namnt n od
to dvlop ts HRD capacty. T UAE s a mm-
b o sval ntnatonal ntwoks and has
snd Ncla Coopaton Amnts wth
Fanc, Japan, Soth Koa, th Untd Kndom,
and th Untd Stats. T UAE s also nad n
tchncal coopaton wth th IAEA on a an
o HRD sss.
Pb S
E
Fom th pblcaton o ts 008 polcy pap ot-
lnn th concpt o cvl ncla pow and th
stps and sss that ndd to b consdd n
ts dvlopmnt, th UAE ovnmnt has dm-onstatd an ndstandn o th nd to na
wth and nom th pblc. Toh pblc no-
maton sssons and cova o cvl ncla d-
vlopmnt n th ovnmnt-ownd nwspaps,
th pblc has bn kpt abast o th poss o
th poam. Dspt th catastophc accdnt n
Fkshma n 0, a poll n Jn 0 condctd
by NS, an ntnatonal sach fm, ond that
85 pcnt o a sampl o 750 Emat sdnts saw
th ncla poam as bn mpotant o th
conty wth 60 pcnt sayn thy wold sppotth constcton o a ncla pow plant n th
own mat. Whl th fs o pblc sppot
o th poam mst b consdd n th contxt o
a conty wth a ovnmnt-contolld pss and
Culture and Knowledge Management
As ts na-tm staty o wokoc dvlop-
mnt wll ncld a la nmb o xpatat
possonals, FANR mphaszs th nd to p-
pa on woks o th wokn clt n
th UAE. o do ths t has mplmntd an ndc-
ton poam o nw ntnatonal sta, whch
nclds lssons on cltal awanss. It has also
ntatd a poam thoh whch all mploys
ncldn non-tchncal mploys a nto-
dcd to th ndamntals o th ncla nds-
ty n od to pomot a clt o saty, anoth
lmnt o bst pactc dntfd by th IAEA.0
FANR acknowlds th challn o bldn
and mantann nstttonal knowld. o ad-
dss ths ss, t has mplmntd a databas
that nclds pocds and lssons land
om tann poams. As pat o ts ntatd
manamnt stct, t s wokn wth th
IAEA to omalz qalty assanc pocsss
and pocds, whch can b sd as a soc
by all mploys.
H
GNEII Program
Anoth tann ntatv sppotd by ENEC,
FANR and Khala Unvsty s th Gl Ncla
Eny Inastct Insttt (GNEII), a patn-
shp btwn Khala Unvsty, Sanda Natonal
Laboatos and xas A&M Unvstys Ncla
Scty Scnc and Polcy Insttt. T nta-
tv s ntndd to povd a onal dcatonal,
tann and sach hb o pomotn a ncla
saty, saads, and scty clt, accodnto Khala Unvsty, wh t s basd. T pma-
y ocs o th GNEII poam s th Fndamn-
tals cos, whch ocss on saads, scty,
and saty. T 6-wk cos, whch s opn to
0 Stats and nds n Ncla Edcaton, IAEA Ncla Eny Ss No. NG--6., Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy, 0, p..
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C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
14
n pblc scto postons latv to thos aval-
abl n th pvat scto. It s also d to th
latvly small popoton o th UAEs popla-
ton that compss UAE natonals; accodn to
th UAEs Natonal Ba o Statstcs, Emat
natonals accontd o an stmatd pcnt
o th poplaton n md 00, th latst ya o
whch fs a pblshd.3
T cvl ncla ndsty povds a nq chal-
ln o th UAE. T nstttons sponsbl
o th dvlopmnt and ovsht o th ncla
poam a n th pblc scto. Howv, to mt
th poams ambtos tmln, thy hav bn
stablshd on th bass o a la amont o xpa-
tat xpts. T sam s lkly to b t n th
aly stas o opaton o th ncla plants: v-
n th UAEs lack o xpnc n th cvl ncla
scto, th contact wth th KEPCO-ld conso-
tm nclds a povson that th Koan vndos
wll hlp opat th plant a constcton. Wth
xpatats sponsbl o ky aspcts o th n-
cla poam and latd nstttons, and lkly
to man so o th osabl t, an as-
sv Ematzaton polcy n th cvl ncla scto
coms wth snfcant sk. Ematzaton oals n
th UAEs pvat scto hav povn nsccsslas, nabl to fnd UAE natonals to fll th qota,
ntnatonal copoatons hav optd to pay fns
ath than comply wth tats.4 Howv, as th
cvl ncla poam s ovnmnt ntps, t
wll not hav th opton o non-complanc stct
Ematzaton tats a mantand. In sch c-
cmstancs, th s a pospct o th dsplacmnt
o qalfd sta wth lss qalfd and xp-
ncd psonnl to th potntal dtmnt o th
poams saty and scty.
wthot a obst cvl socty, th d o com-
mncaton btwn th UAE ovnmnt and th
pblc s n contast to that o oth conts, no-
tably Jodan (s scton 4 o mo dtals).
T UAE ovnmnt has also potzd ot-
ach to hh school stdnts as an mpotant
pat o ts HRD staty. T IAEA commnds
that otach actvty towad sconday school
and/o sconday school tachs s an mpotant
and ood pactc, and ths danc has bn
ollowd by ENEC thoh th SUDO poam
and thoh an ntatv to to hh schools to
as awanss abot th ncla poam.
ChallengesEz
Wth an conomy dpndnt on th sal o ol,
as, and latd podctsand ndsts l-
ant on low-cost nyth UAE s lookn to
dvsy ts conomc and possonal bas to
ns ts lon-tm sstanablty. On o th
pncpal mchansms o ths dvsfcaton s
th dv towad Ematzatonth ncasd
patcpaton o UAE natonalsn both th pb-lc and pvat scto labo ocs. T sccss
o Ematzaton to dat has bn vsbl manly
n th pblc scto, wh aond 60 to 70 p-
cnt o mploys a UAE natonals. In th p-
vat scto, th f s lss than 0 pcnt, d-
spt th ovnmnt havn st qota tats o
spcfc ndsts sch as bankn, nsanc,
and tad. T dspaty s d n la pat to
th hh salas, mo nos bnfts, and
shot wokn hos that UAE natonals njoy
Jan Wllams, Ematsaton: T Way Fowad? INSEAD, Jly 5, 0; Ematsaton Hdls Rman, National, Mach , 0.(http://www.thnatonal.a/nws/a-nws/matsaton-hdls-man).
John Ravn, Ematzn th dcaton scto n th UAE: contxtalzaton and challns, Edcaton, Bsnss and Socty:Contmpoay Mddl Eastn Isss, Vol. 4 Iss: , pp.34-4, 0.
3 UAE Natonal Ba o Statstcs, Poplaton Estmats 006-00, Mach 0. (http://www.astatstcs.ov.a/RpotPDF/Poplaton%0Estmats%0006%0-%000.pd ).
4 Essa Al Mlla, Exctv dcto o th Emats Natonals Dvlopmnt Poamm, qotd n TeNational, Mach , 0.
http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/emiratisation-hurdles-remainhttp://www.uaestatistics.gov.ae/ReportPDF/Population%20Estimates%202006%20-%202010.pdfhttp://www.uaestatistics.gov.ae/ReportPDF/Population%20Estimates%202006%20-%202010.pdfhttp://www.uaestatistics.gov.ae/ReportPDF/Population%20Estimates%202006%20-%202010.pdfhttp://www.uaestatistics.gov.ae/ReportPDF/Population%20Estimates%202006%20-%202010.pdfhttp://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/emiratisation-hurdles-remain -
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C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
15
dal nvsts, asd ts nty qalfcatons
to thos o ts ps. T slt was a shap down-
tn n th nmb o stdnts lbl to noll.6
Evn n cass wh ncomn stdnts do hav
th ncssay qalfcatons, th actal acadm-
c ablty can all shot o th mnmm q-
mnts ncssay to sccd n tchncal dsc-
plns sch as ncla tchnoloy. In at last on
cas, th cclm o a ncla-latd hh
dcaton cos has had to b adaptd to ac-
commodat th ndpomanc o nolld
stdnts. T msmatch btwn th dmands o
ncla-latd tann and dcaton coss
and th ablts o pospctv and ncomn st-
dnts has th potntal to natvly act both
th Ematzaton oals and th lon-tm ss-
tanablty o th UAEs cvl ncla poam.
C S
T challn o mtn th la stan -
qmnts o th UAEs ncla poam s com-
pondd by th comptton o qalfd po-
ssonalspatclaly nnsom oth
stablshd and nascnt ndstal sctos. Ab
Dhabs Economc Vson 030 sts a tat o nonol-scto latd GDP o 64 pcnt, p om 4
pcnt n 005.7 o achv ths oal, th m-
at s dvlopn a nmb o statc ndsts
ncldn smcondctos, aospac, and nw-
abl ny tchnolos. Each o ths sctos
wll povd addtonal dmands on th contys
lmtd pool o talnt. o th xtnt that ths n-
dsts can attact stdnts to d coss o
nnn adats, thy wll compt wth th
ncla ndstys hman socs staty.
Q C
In od to mt th wokoc qmnts
and oals o Ematzatonn th ncla sc-
to, th UAE has dvlopd plans o a mlt-
pond appoach to dcaton and tann
as otlnd abov. T sccss o th contys
stctd appoach to wokoc dvlopmnt
wll dpnd pon contnd poltcal and fnan-
cal commtmnt, and th ablty o th poams
to attact qalfd canddats and dvlop thm
nto possonals wth th qst knowld,
sklls, and xpnc. Whl th UAEs cvl-
ncla latd tann and dcaton poams
a stll latvly nw, th a ndcatons that
n som cass poams a havn dclty n
ctn stdnts wth th mnmm lvls o
dcatonal attanmnt ncssay to complt a
ncla-latd cos o stdy.
In an ndcaton o th challn acd by hh-
dcaton nstttons whn tyn to ct
stdnts, a 00 pap by th UAEs Knowld
and Hman Dvlopmnt Athoty ond that,
[o]a hypothtcal op o 00 mal Emat
stdnts commncn Gad 6 pblc school-
n, cnt fs sst 3 wll adat ontm, 47 wll b kpt bhnd at last onc and
ths cannot adat on tm, and wll lav
dcaton pmanntly.5 T pot notd that
th waknsss n th pblc school cclm,
copld wth th hh dopot at svly -
stct th nmb o natonal stdnts abl to n-
oll at hh stats nvsts wthot an ntal
ondaton ya po to mbakn pon omal
ndadat stdy. T scal o th challn
was ndlnd n 0 whn th Hh Col-
ls o chnoloy, th last o th UAEs th
5 Dba Schools Inspcton Ba Annal Rpot 00, Knowld and Hman Dvlopmnt Athoty, 00, p.43.6 Hndds o UAE Stdnts nd Down o Placs at Unvsty, National, Jly 5, 0.7 T Ab Dhab Economc Vson 030, Govnmnt o Ab Dhab, Novmb 008.
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H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
16
nlabl ossl ls In addton, Jodans dscovy
o anm socs has stnthnd ts ntst
n ncla ny; th ovnmnts vws ts a-nm dposts as a potntally sc, domstc l
soc o ts actos, as wll as a vn soc
o ndn ts fst ncla pow plant.
JAECs poposal s to hav a 700-00 MW ac-
to opatn by 00, and a scond by 05. o
achv ths, th Commsson s psn a two-
tack staty: th slcton o an nnn,
pocmnt, and constcton (EPC) contacto
to povd th acto tchnoloy and constc-
ton, and th slcton o a statc patn to s-tablsh a jont tlty to opat th plant.
In May 00, JAEC shotlstd th fms o
povson o th acto tchnoloy and con-
stcton: Ava and Mtsbsh Havy Indsts
(AMEA acto), AECL Canada (CANDU-6
acto), and AtomStoyExpot (AES-9 VVER-
000 acto). On May , 0, JAEC concldd
that th AMEA- and AES-9 tchnolos a
th bst two valatd contnds n mtn th
qmnts and nds o Jodan as spcfd nth Bd Invtaton Spcfcatons.30 JAEC has n-
uclear Power Program Status
Btwn 004 and 006 th ovnmnt o Jo-dan ntatd a stdy to xamn vaos optons
to mt th contys ny nds, ncldn
th potntal o ncla pow. In Janay 007,
Kn Abdllah statd pblcly that Jodan was
lookn at ncla pow o pacl and ny
pposs, and by th nd o that ya an pdatd
Natonal Mast Staty o Eny was ssd
whch calld o sx pcnt o Jodans ny mx
to b mt wth ncla pow by 00.8 In Sp-
tmb 0 th Jodan Atomc Eny Comms-
son (JAEC), wth th assstanc o Woly Pa-sons, ssd a Wht Pap on Ncla Eny n
Jodan dscbn th slts o a p-asblty
stdy and th laboatn th polcy atonal
o ncla ny.9
T cntal motvaton n th contys dcson
to xplo a cvlan ncla ny poam s ts
nsstanabl domstc ny staton: wth s-
n dmand and lmtd natal socs, Jodan s
naly compltly dpndnt on mpots o ncas-
nly xpnsv and, n lht o cnt la at-tacks on th Aab Gas Ppln (AGP) om Eypt,
JoRdAN
8 Fo socs and th nomaton on th actvts n ths pod, s Bookns 0.9 T p-asblty stdy was condctd n 00 n coopaton wth th IAEA sn th Ancys scnao modln tchnqs. Soc:
Wht Pap on Ncla Eny n Jodan, JAEC and Woly Pasons, Sptmb 0. (JAEC 0).30 JAEC Conclds chnoloy Evalaton Phas o Jodan Ncla Pow Plant, Jodan Atomc Eny Commsson, May , 0. (http://
jac.ov.jo/Nws/NwsDtals.aspx?nd=30)
http://jaec.gov.jo/News/NewsDetails.aspx?nid=30http://jaec.gov.jo/News/NewsDetails.aspx?nid=30http://jaec.gov.jo/News/NewsDetails.aspx?nid=30http://jaec.gov.jo/News/NewsDetails.aspx?nid=30 -
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C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
17
Unlk th UAE, Jodan dos not hav th fnan-
cal socs to mpot xtnal sklls n la
qantts. In conton o ths alts, th
Jodanan ovnmnt has ocsd pmaly on
tann and dcaton, wth a lon-tm oal o
havn ts ncla poamboth at th lato-
y and opatonal lvlsstad pmaly wth
Jodanan natonals.34 o achv ths oal, th
ovnmnt s lyn on a vaty o appoachs
and tools, wth JAEC sponsbl o coodnatn
ovall ots.
Jodan has a wll dvlopd acadmc nastc-
t, povdn a ston ondaton n dscplns
qd o a ncla pow poam. T con-
ty has 5 nvsts (0 pblc and 5 pvat)
on BSc ds n physcs, chmsty, bolo-
y, halth physcs, lctcal, mchancal, ndst-
al, chmcal and ncla nnn. In addton,
th a 35 commnty colls (5 pblc and 0
pvat). JAEC has mphaszd th nd o nst-
ttonal collaboaton n od to stablsh tch-
ncal tann and ctfcaton n sch aas as
basc ncla pncpls, adolocal halth po-
tcton, and ncla matal handln.
35
Jordan University of Science & echnology
T Jodan Unvsty o Scnc and chnoloy
(JUS) stablshd a ncla nnn dpat-
mnt n 007 to tan t acto opatos by
on a fv-ya BSc cos o stdy wth 60
cdt hos. T poam has o aclty mm-
bs and s qppd wth adaton dtcton
labs. T poam has 45 stdnts and th fst
batch o 9 stdnts adatd n Jn 0, o
dcatd t wll tak nn months to notat wth
ach fm ov fnancal and lctcty at dtals
bo makn th fnal slcton n tm o con-
stcton to bn somtm n 03.3
In addton to th acto notatons, n Fb-
ay 0 JAEC qstd bds o a statc pat-
n n th jont tlty om GDF Sz o Fanc,
Datan o Chna, Rosatom o Rssa, and Kansa
Elctc Pow o Japan. Accodn to JAEC, ths
bds a xpctd n lat 0.
JAEC nvsons that th tlty opato wll b 50
pcnt ownd by th ovnmnt and 50 pcnt
by oth nvstos. Elctcty wll b sold nd a
pow pchas amnt (PPA) to Jodans Na-
tonal Elctc Pow Company (NEPCO), whch
s th tansmsson company and systm opato
n Jodan. Lmtd cos fnancn wll b sd
o th pojct, wth dbt (70 pcnt) and qty
(30 pcnt) povdd om vaty o socs.
T ovnmnt has ndcatd that t ntnds to
s vns natd om anm mnn o
ts poton o th fnancn.
ational Strategy or Human
esources evelopment
Govnmnt ocals and oths nvolvd n Jo-
dans cvl ncla poam acknowld that h-
man soc dvlopmnt s on o th cntal
challns conontn th poam.3 Whl th
contys nvsts podc ov 8000 ad-
ats n scntfc flds ach ya, Jodan dos
not cntly hav a scnt bas o doms-
tc psonnl wth th possonal and tch-
ncal sklls qd o th dvlopmnt and
mplmntaton o a ncla pow poam.33
3 Jodan Ents alks wth Rssan, Fnch Fms ov Ncla Racto, Jordan imes, Apl 9, 0.3 In addton to bn ctd by ocals n dscssons wth th athos, HRD s also addssd n JAEC 0.33 JAEC, 0.34 JAEC ocals hav acknowldd that ths appoach, n whch Jodanan natonals a nvolvd n vy aspct o a ncla pow plant wll
tak a naton. Commnt om a JAEC ocal, qotd n Edcaton Ky to Jodan Ncla Ft Expts,Jordan imes, Dcmb7, 00.
35 Inomaton n ths paaaph was povdd to th athos by JAEC n May 0. (JAEC psntaton, May 0)
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H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
18
adatd abot 0 stdnts p ya. Howv,
th poam has bn sspndd d a nw n-
vsty-wd qmnt that all stdnts com-
plt a thss as pat o th adat ds. As
th a only two aclty mmbs o th po-
am, th dpatmnt ond t dd not hav th
capacty to spvs ths nmb o thss. T
s a plan to stat th poam whn adats
who a cntly stdyn o th PhDs aboad
tn to sv as aclty.39 UJ contns to o
poams n ncla mdcn and PhD poams
n ncla-latd sbjcts.
Al Balqa Applied University
Al Balqa Appld Unvsty (BAU) has also
lanchd a Masts o Scnc (MSc) poam
n ncla physcs, and n 009, adatd nn
stdnts all o whom wnt to wok at th Jodan
Ncla Rlatoy Commsson. As o 0, th
poam contnd to cv ntst om st-
dnts, bt was pt on hold.40
Jordan Research raining Reactor (JRR)
In Dcmb 009, JAEC awadd a $73 mllon
contact o constcton o th 5 MW JRR atJUS to a consotm o th Koan Atomc En-
y Rsach Insttt (KAERI) and Dawoo
Ennn & Constcton.4 T JRR wll
podc adosotops o mdcn, aclt,
and ndsty; povd tann aclts; and sv
as a Ncla Scnc and chnoloy Cnt.4
It s plannd to b commssond n 05 and
whch sx a psn PhDs: fv n th US and
on n Gmany. Ts sx stdnts a bn sp-
potd by JUS wth th ndstandn that thy
wll tn to jon th nvsty aclty. An add-
tonal 30 stdnts compltd stds n 0.
JUS wll also host and ovs th Jodanan Sb-
Ctcal Assmbly (JSA), a tann tool constctd
by th Chna Insttt o Atomc Eny to allow
stdnts to mody co confatons, wok clos-
ly wth th acto co, and amlaz thmslvs
wth th basc ats o th acto.36 T JSA s
xpctd to b commssond n 0. T nv-
sty wll also b th st o th Jodan Rsach and
ann Racto (JRR), althoh th acto tsl
wll b n by JAEC (s dscpton blow).
JUS has snd sval coopaton amnts
wth ntnatonal acadmc nstttons ncld-
n Noth Caolna Stat Unvsty (NCSU),
Unvsty o Illnos, Oho Stat Unvsty, and
th Unvsty o Calona. T collaboaton
wth NCSU lnks stdnts wth a vtal acto
o tann pposs ( MW PULSAR sach
acto).37 T IAEA has xpssd ntst n
plcatn th modl o th JUS-NCSU ntnt
xchan lswh.
38
University of Jordan
T physcs dpatmnt at th Unvsty o Jo-
dan (UJ) has a total o 350 stdnts, ncldn 0
adat stdnts. Untl 0, th dpatmnt o-
d an MSc n ncla physcs, whch typcally
36 Pojct ovvw o Jodans fst ncla aclty, Psntaton by D. Nd Xob, JSA, to th CEA Msson on th SR o SbctcalAssmbls, Dcmb 5, 00 n Amman, Jodan.
37 Knowld ans va Rmot Lann: T Jodan-Noth Caolna Exampl, psntaton by Ayman I. Hawa (PhD) to th
Intnatonal Connc on Hman Rsoc Dvlopmnt Fo Intodcn and Expandn Ncla Pow Poamms, Mach 4-8,00, Ab Dhab, UAE.
38 Ovvw: th Rmot Rsach Racto Pojct, Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy. (http://www.aa.o/OWok/S/NE/NEFW/chncal_Aas/RRS/docmnts/Intnt_Racto_Ovvw.pd).
39 Atho ntvw wth Unvsty o Jodan aclty, Mach 0.40 Basd on dscssons wth th atho. S Bookns 0.4 Koan Consotm o Jodans Fst Racto, World Nuclear News, Dcmb 7, 009. (http://www.wold-ncla-nws.o/NN-Koan_
consotm_o_Jodans_fst_acto-07097.html )4 Jodans Ncla Eny Poam, psntaton by Khald oqan, (Chaman o th Jodan Atomc Eny Commsson, ), Amman,
Jodan, Fbay 0. (JAEC, Fbay 0).
http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/NEFW/Technical_Areas/RRS/documents/Internet_Reactor_Overview.pdfhttp://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/NEFW/Technical_Areas/RRS/documents/Internet_Reactor_Overview.pdfhttp://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Korean_consortium_for_Jordans_first_reactor-0712097.htmlhttp://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Korean_consortium_for_Jordans_first_reactor-0712097.htmlhttp://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Korean_consortium_for_Jordans_first_reactor-0712097.htmlhttp://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Korean_consortium_for_Jordans_first_reactor-0712097.htmlhttp://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/NEFW/Technical_Areas/RRS/documents/Internet_Reactor_Overview.pdfhttp://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/NEFW/Technical_Areas/RRS/documents/Internet_Reactor_Overview.pdf -
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H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
19
cal sppot o wok o lvanc to th on
and scntfc and ndstal sach.44
J C
As th contys ncla ovsht body, JNRC
conzs th cntal challn o dvlopn th
hman socs capacty qd to lat th
ncla scto ctvly. T Commsson has
condctd a dtald wokoc plannn x-
cs calln o 3 total sta by 04, dntyn
spcfc sklls to b addd as th ncla poam
posss. In addton, th Commsson has sd
a vaty o xtnal poams and patnshps
to tan ts sta. Fo xampl, t has ntatd p-
lot latonshps wth oth ncla latos,
ncldn a mmoandm o ndstandn
wth th Eopan Unon o tchncal assstanc
om Eopan latos. T JNRC also s pa-
tcpatn n th Rlatoy Coopaton Fom
(RCF)an IAEA ntatv dsnd to sha
xpts and lssons land om stablshd
latos n mmb stats wth nwly-catd
ncla latos. Jodan s svn as th fst
tst cas o th Fom: an RCF dlaton vstd
Jodan n Sptmb 00 to assss th poss
o th Commsson, dfnn aas o tchncalassstanc nds.
T Commsson has also ndcatd ts ntnt to
stablsh a natonal chncal Sppot Oanza-
ton (SO) to ncton as an xtnal spcalst
ntty povdn tchncal assstanc to th Com-
msson, wth a ocs ntally on ncla saty.
Rcntly, JNRC has bn ladn an ot to s-
tablsh th Aab Ntwok o Ncla Rlatos
(ANNR). T ppos o ths ntty s to ostnhancmnt, stnthnn and hamonzaton
o th adaton potcton, ncla saty and s-
constcton has statd on th assocatd admn-
staton bldn.
Center of Excellence
o bld th ncssay capacty and coodnat
th dvlopmnt o vy la nastct poj-
cts n sctos sch as ny, wat and pots,
th Jodanan ovnmnt has stablshd a v-
tal Cnt o Excllnc o Eny and Ma
Pojcts. T Cnt s dsnd to sv as a
coodnaton mchansm thoh whch majo
nstttons n acadma and ovnmnt can
collaboat to dvlop th sklls qd, max-
mz socs, and avod dplcaton o ot. In
th ncla aa, th ntts patcpatn n th
Cnts ots ncld JUS, JAEC, UJ, BAU, th
Gman-Jodanan Unvsty, and th Mnsts
o Labo, Pblc Scto Dvlopmnt, and Hh
Edcaton & Scntfc Rsach.43 In th fld o
hman soc dvlopmnt, sponsblty s
dvdd btwn JUS, thoh ts ndadat
poam n ncla nnn; UJ, thoh ts
(cntly sspndd) adat-d poams
n physcs and pojct manamnt; and BAU,
thoh th tann o tchncans and vocaton-
al woks and thoh ts MSc n physcs.
Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and
Applications in the Middle East
On o th w aclts o onal scntfc col-
laboaton, th SESAME pojct ncopoats a
synchoton lht soc o s n basc and ap-
pld sach. T aclty, whch s basd n Am-
man and whch s schdld to b lly opaton-
al n 05, nclds Bahan, Cyps, Eypt, Ian,
Isal, Jodan, Pakstan, th Palstnan Athotyand ky amon ts mmbshp. Accodn to
ts ovnn docmnt, SESAME svs sp-
43 Bookns 0.44 Stats o th Intnatonal Cnt o Synchoton-Lht o Expmntal Scnc and Applcatons n th Mddl East (SESAME),
SESAME, Apl 5, 004. (http://www.ssam.o.jo/ssam/abot-s/ovnn-docmnt.html#a)
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H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
20
sppot n ncla pojct manamnt, sach
acto tlzaton, ncla pow systms, acto
saty, ncla wast manamnt, and ncla
l cycl manamnt.47 Jodan also has a lon-
standn latonshp wth th IAEA, ncldn
cnt tchncal coopaton on vaos HRD s-
ss. Jodan and th IAEA na n spcalzd
tann coss and wokshops n ncla and
adaton saty and scty, ncla and atomc
physcs, ncla chmsty and adochmsty,
ncla nnn and tchnoloy, and ncla
and adaton saty and ncla scty. Oth
aas o tchncal coopaton btwn Jodan
and th IAEA ncld llowshp poams and
on-th-job tann, scntfc vsts, natonal con-
sltant vsts, and xpt mssons, ncldn two
Intatd Ncla Inastct Rvws con-
dctd n Ast 009 and Janay 0. Fnally,
Jodan has sd otsd spcalst contactos to
assst n th aly phass o th ncla pow
poam.
Challenges
G C C
Hh-lvl and sstand ovnmnt commt-mnt s ssntal to th stablshmnt o a cvl-
an ncla nastct. Ts can manst tsl
n sval ways, bt th IAEA hhlhts th nd
o fnancal sppot, coss-nstttonal cood-
naton, and stakhold nvolvmnt.48 In ach o
ths aas, Jodan s xpncn challns.
Financial support and management
Whl Jodan has a ston acadmc and tchncal
ondaton om whch to dvlop th spcalzd
cty latoy nastct and amwok
amon th mmbs o ANNR and to povd
a om o nomaton xchan amon ncla
latoy bods n Aab conts.45 Accodn
to JNRC, sppot o ANNR wold b povdd
by th Aab Atomc Eny Ancy (AAEA), th
US NRC, and th Koan Insttt o Ncla
Saty.
JNRC s also n talks wth th IAEA to cat a
cnt o Ncla Saty n Jodan, whos man-
dat wold b onal. T IAEA has xpssd
ntst n basn ths cnt n Jodan.
Cb
ypcal o nw ncla ny stats, Jodan has
mphaszd vaos oms o xtnal assstanc
as pat o ts HRD staty. In addton to thos
poams mntond abov, Jodans tann and
dcaton ots ncld scholashp sppot o
ntnatonal dcaton poams, ntnaton-
al tann poams, and ncla coopaton
amnts wth oth conts and th IAEA.46
JAEC povds scholashp sppot o stdnts
psn masts ds n ncla nnnn a nmb o conts ncldn Rssa, Chna,
Fanc, Koa (spcfc to th JRR), and Japan.
As a matt o polcy, JAEC s also qn x-
tnal vndos and consltants to povd tan-
n as pat o th actvts. Ts appoach s n-
cldd n th solctaton o th EPC contacto
as wll as that o th nvsto-opato.
Jodan s a mmb o sval ntnatonal nt-
woks and has snd Ncla Coopaton
Amnts wth twlv conts to povd
45 ms o Rnc o ANN, Janay 00.46 JAEC psntaton, May 0.47 NCAs hav bn snd wth Fanc, Chna, Soth Koa, Canada, Rssa, th UK, Antna, Span, Japan, ky, Romana and Italy.
Amnts a bn dscssd wth th Untd Stats, Amna, Ukan and th Czch Rpblc.48 Evalaton o th Stats o Natonal Ncla Inastct Dvlopmnt, IAEA Ncla Eny Ss No. NG--3., Intnatonal Atomc
Eny Ancy, Octob 008.
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H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
21
th Commsson has not ctd any nw tch-
ncal sta snc 00. Ts staton s natvly
actn th Commssons capacty to cay ot
ts mandat, ncldn th ablty to condct ot-
ach and pblc namnt. In an attmpt to
mtat th poblm, th JNRC has dvlopd
coopatv aanmnts wth oth ntts. Fo
xampl, wthot th ncssay ndn to cay
ot ts bod monton pojct n collaboaton
wth th US Dpatmnt o Eny, th Comms-
son s patnn wth th bod contol atho-
ty to jontly mplmnt th poam. In oth
aas o ts mt, howv, JNRCs dos not hav
th opton o lyn on th sppot o xtnal
pats.
Aanst ths backdop, th allocaton o Jodans
lmtd fnancal socs to basc and appld
scnc nastct, sch as th SCA, th JRR
and SESAME poam, cold b vwd as -
dcn nds o mmdat HRD nds. Whl
ths aclts hav th potntal to bld Jodans
ncla scnc bas n th lon-tm, thy can b
sn as a soc o comptton wthath than
a complmnt toth mplmntaton o ncla
pow nastct n th na-tm.
Institutional Coordination
A cn aa o ctcsm om som wthn
th Jodanan ncla scto s th nablty o
th ovnmnt to coodnat dvlopmnt o
th ncla pow poam. Whl JAEC has
bn catd to ovs th mplmntaton o
all aspcts th poam, th s a pcpton that
th s mo lmtd sppot n oth ovn-
mnt nstttons. T stablshmnt o JAEC as
sklls qd o a ncla pow poam, ts
HRD staty s thatnd by lack o fnancal
sppot. T conty has bn had ht by th
lobal conomc css, placn sv fnancal
constants on a ovnmnt alady sn
om bonn bdt dfcts and a vy la
and own natonal dbt.49 As a slt, th Cab-
nt has nstttd cts n ovnmnt spndn
and a hn z.50
Nmos ntptons to th Aab Gas Pp-
ln, whch tanspots natal as om Eypt to
Jodan, hav xacbatd th staton: Jodan has
spnt ncasn sms on back-p ossl ls o
pow naton, jst at a tm whn ol pcs
hav bn ncasn. T conty has spnt at
last $.4 bllon on havy l ol and dsl to
plac lost as om th AGP.5
T wosnn conomc staton has lvatd
concns ov how Jodan can aod a ncla
pow poamstmatd to cost at last $5 bl-
lonand boht at attnton to th pos-
sblts o dployn mo nwabl ny
socs.5 It has also svly stctd nds
avalabl o hn acoss all Govnmnt nstt-
tons, ncldn n th ncla scto.
T ndn staton s patclaly act o th
JNRC n ts ots to ct possonal sklls ad-
qat to lat th ndsty. T Commsson
mantans that all xstn sta hav had xtn-
sv tann, bt scnt nds hav not bn
allocatd to h mo possonals to mt ts
stan tats. As notd, th JNRC has dad a
dtald wokoc plan calln o ov 300 total
sta n th 04-05 tmam, bt n pactc
49 Accodn to IMF stmats.50 Jodan Appovs Astty Movs to Rdc Dfct, Reuters, May 0, 0.5 Ects o Ppln Attacks Spad Byond Eypt, USA oday, Mach 4, 0. (http://satoday30.satoday.com/nws/wold/
stoy/0-03-05/ypt-natal-as-ppln-jodan-sal/5350880/)5 JAEC stmats that th total cost, ncldn qpmnt, matals, and labo o th constcton and opaton phas o two, ,000 MW
nts s US $8.4 bllon. S JAEC 0, p. 36.
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-03-05/egypt-natural-gas-pipeline-jordan-israel/53520880/1http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-03-05/egypt-natural-gas-pipeline-jordan-israel/53520880/1http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-03-05/egypt-natural-gas-pipeline-jordan-israel/53520880/1http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-03-05/egypt-natural-gas-pipeline-jordan-israel/53520880/1 -
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H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :
C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t
22
poam ctvly commncn n 007, th
ovnmnts appoach to coodnaton, com-
mncaton and HRD nds to b stnthnd,
and that an ntatd, statc appoach to HRD
and stakhold nvolvmnt has yt to b stab-
lshd.53 (T mpot o th INIR Mssons s ds-
cssd th n th ollown scton).
C S E
T IAEA mphaszs that t s o th tmost m-
potanc to povd oppotnts o stakhold
nvolvmnt and to look o nw ways to obtan
stakhold npt and commndd that all
conts cat nstmnts that nhanc stak-
hold nvolvmnt wth ad to th dvlop-
mnt o nw ncla pow pojcts.54 o dat,
Jodans appoach to ncla pow dvlopmnt
has not adhd to th IAEAs tnts and com-
mndatons on stakhold namnt. Dspt
th contnd s n th cost o mpotd ny
on o th pmay dvs o th ncla po-
amopposton to th poam s own.55
Opposton to th ncla pojct n Jodan has
vn spad to th Palamnt. In May 0, th
Eny and Mnal Rsocs Commtt o th
Low Hos commndd that th Govn-mnt sspnd th ncla pow poam. T
mas was appovd by th Low Hos by
a vot o 36-7.56 Tos votn n avo accsd
JAEC o povdn msladn acts concnn
th costs o th acto pojct and th contys
anm socs, statd that qd asbl-
ty stds had not bn condctd n ppaaton
th contys NEPIOth poams lad coo-
dnatoollows accptd ntnatonal pactc;
howv oth mpotant ovnmnt ntts,
ncldn th Mnsty o Eny and Mnal
Rsocs and th Natonal Elctc Pow Com-
pany, hav had a mo lmtd, vsbl ol n th
ncla poam. T slt s that th poam
s n dan o bn dntfd ovwhlmnly
wth JAEC ath than as an ntatv that njoys
boad, coss-ovnmnt sppot. In addton,
th s a common vw that ovnmnts coo-
dnaton and commtmnt wth ad to oth
ky stakholds n acadma, th NGO comm-
nty, and ndsty, a also lackn.
Ts commtmnt and coodnaton sss p-
tan dctly to HRD. Som psntatvs om
th acadmc commnty xpssd dsappont-
mnt, o xampl, that JAECs pojct mana
o th JRR poam was basd n th Untd
Stats ath than n Jodan. T Cnt o Ex-
cllnc o Eny and Ma Pojcts cntly
appas to b mo o a thotcal patnshp
than an actal on, and th s not as yt mch
coodnaton amonst th majo ntts: sval
psntatvs om th Cnts consttnt n-
stttons, whl awa o th boad concpt oth Cnt, w not awa o any th spcfc
mplmntaton ots.
Jodans lack o ovnmnt coodnaton wth
ad to HRD has bn acknowldd by th
IAEA: th fndns o two INIR mssons by th
Ancy llstat that, dspt Jodans ncla
53 Fo 009 INIR, s IAEAs Intatd Ncla Inastct Rvw (INIR) Msson to Jodan, psntaton by Kamal J. Aaj, (JodanAtomc Eny Commsson) to IAEAs chncal Mtn/Wokshop on th Intodcton o Ncla Pow Poamms: Manamnt
and Evalaton o a Natonal Ncla Inastct, Vnna, Asta, Fbay 0. (http://www.aa.o/NclaPow/Downloads/Inastct/mtns/0-0-M-WS-Vnna/Day-/Aaj_JORDAN.pd ) (IAEA M/WS, Fbay 0); o 0 INIR, s JAECActon Plan Follown th INIR Msson, psntaton by Hasan Absn, (Jodan Atomc Eny Commsson) to IAEAs chncalMtn/Wokshop on opcal Isss on Inastct Dvlopmnt: Manan th Dvlopmnt o a Natonal Inastct o NclaPow Plants, Vnna, Asta, Janay 5, 0.
54 Stakhold Involvmnt n Ncla Isss, IAEA Intnatonal Ncla Saty Gop, Sptmb 006, p.3.55 S Jodans ant-ncla movmnt ans stam, AmmonNws.nt, Ast , 0, and Ramtha sdnts tash ncla acto bldn,
dstoy docmnts, Jodan ms, Jly , 0.56 T a a total o 0 dpts n th low hos; 63 w psnt and votn on th mas. Fom Jodan Dpts Vot to Sspnd
Ncla Pojct,Jordan imes, May 30, 0.
http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloads/Infrastructure/meetings/2011-02-TM-WS-Vienna/Day-1/Araj_JORDAN.pdfhttp://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloads/Infrastructure/meetings/2011-02-TM-WS-Vienna/Day-1/Araj_JORDAN.pdfhttp://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloads/Infrastructure/meetings/2011-02-TM-WS-Vienna/Day-1/Araj_JORDAN.pdfhttp://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloads/Infrastructure/meetings/2011-02-TM-WS-Vienna/Day-1/Araj_JORDAN.pdf -
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23
Jodan, wh th accdnt has contbtd to
own opposton to ncla pow. As s th
cas n oth conts n th on, th Aab
Spn s chann th latonshp btwn th
Jodanan ovnmnt and ts popl who a
ncasnly wlln to challn ocal ovn-
mnt polcy.58
T ovnmnt spons to ths mn ac-
tos has not kpt pac wth th nd o a coo-
dnatd and tanspant commncatons ot
that s ssntal to bld sppot o th ncla
poam, spond to dmands o mo noma-
ton, and addss concns asd ov th saty,
nvonmntal mpact, and cost o th pojct.
T IAEAs INIR slts n Janay 0 statd a
natonal commtt has bn stablshd to co-
odnat pblc nomaton and to ppa a na-
tonal plan and a commtt wll b stablshd
that nclds th Mnsts o Eny, Envon-
mnt, JNRC, and NEPCO to dvlop natonal
stakhold nvolvmnt. Ts fndn ndcats
that many aspcts o th ncla poamth
stablshmnt o ncla polcy, th tndn
pocss, caton o th lslatv and latoy
amwok, and stablshmnt o nstttons
hav otpacd th dvlopmnt and mplmn-taton o a hh-lvl, comphnsv, and coo-
dnatd mlt-nsttton plan o stakhold
nvolvmnt.59
T IAEAs Mlstons docmnt ndcats that
by th nd o Mlston (th complton o a
ppaatoy phas and whn th conty s ady
to nvt bds o th fst acto), a ovnmnt
shold hav achvd th ollown n stakhold-
nvolvmnt: opn and tmly ntacton and
o th pojct, and ndcatd that JAEC has not
bn othcomn n povdn qstd no-
maton to th Commtt.57 JAEC has td
ths clams.
In th vw o sval Jodanan ncla scto
psntatvs ntvwd n th cos o ths
sach, Jodans poo stakhold namnt
s a symptom o a wd lack o statc vson
n laton to th contys ncla pow pojct.
Accodn to ths vw, th Jodanan ovnmnt
has ald to adqatly mana xpctatons, to
commncat th nd o th tchnoloy, and to
dcat and spond to th pblcs concns.
A latd ss s th nconsstncy o noma-
ton povdd to th pblc by th ovnmnt
on th costs o th poam, th schdl o ts
mplmntaton, and th volms and qalty o
anm svs that w onally poposd
as a mans o patally fnancn th poam.
T dalo that has takn plac has on bn
amntd wth dnt statmnts comn
om ovnmnt oanzatons. T dcson to
mov th poposd st o th ncla acto st
om Aqaba n th soth o th conty to a mo
poplos aa clos to th captal o Amman hasalso l th ovnmnt opn to chas o ov-
lookn pblc opnon.
Jodans stakhold namnt challn has
bn mad vn mo dclt by two xonos
actos: th accdnt at Fkshma Dach n
Mach 0 and th popla psns acoss th
Mddl East on known as th Aab Spn.
T Fkshma dsast asd saty con-
cns ov ncla ny lobally, ncldn n
57 Hos panl accss ncla commsson o msladn pblc, Jordan imes, May 6, 0. (http://jodantms.com/atcl/Hos+panl+accss+ncla+commsson+o+%E%80%98msladn%E%80%99+pblc-4837)
58 Fo mo analyss o th cnt poltcal conomy o Jodan, s How Stabl Is Jodan? Kn Abdllahs Hal-hatd Roms and thChalln o th Aab Spn, Bookns Insttton, Novmb 0. ( http://www.bookns.d/sach/paps/0//jodan-hamd-)
59 JAEC snt a qstonna to acto vndos n Janay 00, and shotlstd th fms n May o 00; th Wht Pap on NclaEny was pblshd n Sptmb 0.
http://jordantimes.com/article/House+panel+accuses+nuclear+commission+of+%E2%80%98misleading%E2%80%99+public-48371http://jordantimes.com/article/House+panel+accuses+nuclear+commission+of+%E2%80%98misleading%E2%80%99+public-48371http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/11/jordan-hamid-freerhttp://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/11/jordan-hamid-freerhttp://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/11/jordan-hamid-freerhttp://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/11/jordan-hamid-freerhttp://jordantimes.com/article/House+panel+accuses+nuclear+commission+of+%E2%80%98misleading%E2%80%99+public-48371http://jordantimes.com/article/House+panel+accuses+nuclear+commission+of+%E2%80%98misleading%E2%80%99+public-48371 -
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24
thy sppot ncla ny.60 As a slt, th
commsson s dvlopn a pblc commnca-
ton staty.
Gown pblc skptcsm and nctanty -
adn th ncla pow poam, combnd
wth th poo conomy, a havn a dct mpact
on ctmnt and tnton n th scto. Wth
th contys cnt nmploymnt at at 0
pcnt and a yon poplaton vyn o lmtd
jobsaond 40 pcnt o Jodanans a nd
th a o 30dcaton s vwd as a ctcal
path o conomc scty and sccss. As sch,
whn JUS and oth nvsts ban on
ds and tann n ncla ny ollown
th ovnmnts 007 commtmnt to ncla
pow, th was consdabl ntst amon
stdnts lookn to nt th ndsty. Howv,
th staton may b chann. Fo xampl, JUS
contns to fll th 0-5 postons avalabl o
ts BSc n ncla nnn ach ya, bt nt-
st n ncla stds amon stdnts has wand;
th a mo stdnts lookn to xpand o
swtch th fld o stdy, spcally nto nw-
abl ny. T asons a vadncldnndadats smply skn to dvsy th
stdsbt ncasn pblc opposton to th
ncla poam, alon wth th pcpton o
lmtd domstc job oppotnts, patclaly
amon th two man ncla nttsJAEC and
JNRCs natvly actn stdnts dcsons
on choosn ncla ny as a possonal ca-
path.
On potntal altnatv mploymnt oppot-
nty o adats n ncla stds ls n thGl conts, spcally n th UAE. Fo qal-
fd Jodanan possonals n many dscplns,
mploymnt n th Gl can o statn salas
commncaton adn th ncla poam
has bn addssd om th bnnn, and a
ston pblc nomaton and dcaton po-
am has bn ntatd by ovnmnt and th
NEPIO.
T Jodanan ovnmnt has not scntly
nad stakholds thohot socty n a
dct, comphnsv, and tanspant dalo
om th bnnn o th ncla pojct. Whl
JAEC has bn acd wth a connc o vy
challnn ccmstancs otsd ts contol, n-
cldn th wosnn conomy, th Aab Spn,
and Fkshma, th s also vdnc that th
Commsson has lad n stablshn and coo-
dnatn a obst ovnmnt-wd stakhold
nvolvmnt staty sltn n dstst o o-
fcal nomaton, challns to atonal o th
ncla pojct, and own opposton. Mo-
ov, th nd o obst