Nuclear Nuclear MedicineMedicine

Olivia NicholsonOlivia NicholsonSannhi PhamSannhi PhamAlex BynumAlex Bynum

Ryan HadfeildRyan HadfeildOlivia Nicholson

What Is It?!What Is It?!

Nuclear medicine is a branch of Nuclear medicine is a branch of medicine that uses radioactive medicine that uses radioactive isotopes to diagnose and treat isotopes to diagnose and treat diseases. diseases.

Olivia Nicholson

Radiation TherapyRadiation Therapy

• Radiation is the medical use of ionizing Radiation is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells. control malignant cells.

• Works by damaging DNA of cells.Works by damaging DNA of cells.

Sannhi Pham

Radiation: Conditions It TreatsRadiation: Conditions It Treats

May be used for curative or adjuvant May be used for curative or adjuvant cancer treatment.cancer treatment.

Used as palliative or therapeutic Used as palliative or therapeutic treatment.treatment.

Commonly used for malignant tumors.Commonly used for malignant tumors.Treats cancers of the bladder, prostate, Treats cancers of the bladder, prostate,

head and neck.head and neck.

Sannhi Pham

Radiation: ExposedRadiation: Exposed

Amount of radiation exposed to a person Amount of radiation exposed to a person during radiation treatment varies, during radiation treatment varies, depending on type and stage of cancer depending on type and stage of cancer being treated.being treated.

Radiation is Radiation is

measured in gray (Gy).measured in gray (Gy).

Sannhi Pham

Radiation: AdvantagesRadiation: Advantages

The beam used is more The beam used is more concentrated in one spot to try concentrated in one spot to try and spare health skin.and spare health skin.

Painless.Painless.

Sannhi Pham

Radiation: DisadvantagesRadiation: Disadvantages

Damage, possibly severe, to epithelial Damage, possibly severe, to epithelial surfaces.surfaces.

Hair loss.Hair loss.Tissues which have been irradiated tend Tissues which have been irradiated tend

to become less elastic over time due to to become less elastic over time due to diffuse scarring process.diffuse scarring process.

Dryness.Dryness.

Sannhi Pham

Chemotherapy Chemotherapy

The treatment of cancers or infections with The treatment of cancers or infections with drugs that have a toxic effect on the cause drugs that have a toxic effect on the cause of the illness.of the illness.

Works by killing cancer cells,selectively Works by killing cancer cells,selectively toxic way.toxic way.

Different from radiation therapy because it Different from radiation therapy because it targets targets specificallyspecifically cancer cells, not cancer cells, not harming the healthy cells.harming the healthy cells.

Sannhi PhamSannhi Pham

Chemotherapy: CategoriesChemotherapy: Categories

TeletherapyTeletherapyBrachytherapyBrachytherapy

Sannhi Pham

Chemotherapy: AdvantagesChemotherapy: Advantages

Helps treat cancer effectively. Helps treat cancer effectively. Enables them to enjoy a full, productive Enables them to enjoy a full, productive

life life

Sannhi Pham

Chemotherapy: DisadvantagesChemotherapy: Disadvantages

Low count of infection-fighting white blood Low count of infection-fighting white blood cells. cells.

Low count of red blood cells. Low count of red blood cells. Low platelet count. Low platelet count.

Sannhi Pham

X-RaysX-Rays

X-Rays are a type of radiation waveX-Rays are a type of radiation waveX-Rays pass through flesh but not boneX-Rays pass through flesh but not boneUsed medically to show bones that are Used medically to show bones that are

broken or dislocatedbroken or dislocatedSmaller wavelengths and more energy Smaller wavelengths and more energy

than ultraviolet waves.than ultraviolet waves.

Alex Bynum

The Discovery of X-RaysThe Discovery of X-Rays

Found in 1895 by German physicist Found in 1895 by German physicist Wilhelm Rontgen.Wilhelm Rontgen.

It was an accidental discovery.It was an accidental discovery.A week later he took theA week later he took the

first x-ray photographfirst x-ray photograph

in history.in history.

Alex Bynum

CAT, MRI, & PETCAT, MRI, & PET

CAT- computerized axial tomographyCAT- computerized axial tomography; ; x-ray photos that are in 3-Dimensional.x-ray photos that are in 3-Dimensional.

MRI- magnetic resonance imagingMRI- magnetic resonance imaging; uses ; uses magnetic field and radio waves and magnetic field and radio waves and computer to produce pictures of internal computer to produce pictures of internal body partsbody parts

PET- position emission tomographyPET- position emission tomography; ; used in imaging cellular function of the used in imaging cellular function of the human body.human body.

Alex Bynum

RadiologyRadiology

A branch of medicine that specializes in A branch of medicine that specializes in the use of X-rays, gamma rays, the use of X-rays, gamma rays, radioactive isotopes and other forms of radioactive isotopes and other forms of radiation that is used to diagnose and treat radiation that is used to diagnose and treat diseases.diseases.

Ryan HadfeildRyan Hadfeild

Education…Education…

Graduate from an accredited medical Graduate from an accredited medical school, pass a licensing examination, and school, pass a licensing examination, and complete at least a four year medical complete at least a four year medical education.education.

Ryan HadfeildRyan Hadfeild

History!History!

1896Discovery of radioactivity

1895X-rays are discovered

1898Polonium and radium isolated.

1943Laboratory tracers

1939Cyclotron

1938Technetium-99 discovered

Ryan HadfeildRyan Hadfeild

… … And Beyond!And Beyond!

Will continue to be at the forefront of Will continue to be at the forefront of modern clinical medicine and modern clinical medicine and technological development.technological development.

Many possibilities have opened and will Many possibilities have opened and will open in the future for nuclear medicine. open in the future for nuclear medicine.

Ryan HadfeildRyan Hadfeild

Summing it UpSumming it Up

Uses radiation to cure diseases.Uses radiation to cure diseases.Various fields within nuclear medicine.Various fields within nuclear medicine.Many advantages and disadvantages.Many advantages and disadvantages.Numerous different types of technology.Numerous different types of technology.Will be studied farther into the future and Will be studied farther into the future and

will help many more people.will help many more people.

Olivia Nicholson