nuclear power generation in china wang jie, yu xiaoli, yang xiaoyong inet, tsinghua university,...

Nuclear Power Nuclear Power Generation in ChinaGeneration in China

WANG Jie, YU Xiaoli, YANG XiaoyongWANG Jie, YU Xiaoli, YANG Xiaoyong

INET, Tsinghua University, ChinaINET, Tsinghua University, China

Sept. 24, 2010Sept. 24, 2010

ContentsContents

Government’s Policy Government’s Policy

Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology

Future PlanFuture Plan

Current Status Current Status

Conclusions Conclusions

SchematicSchematic forfor NPPNPP

Primary system, Secondary system, (Third system)




Special FeaturesSpecial Features

nYXnU AZ

AZ

10

22

11

10

23592

Fission Equation:

1. Reactivity2. Decay heat3. Radioactivity




Reactor DesignReactor Design

1. Reactivity ControlNeutron control

2. Decay heat removalSpecial cooling system

3. Radioactivity preventionEngineered barriers




Typical Design Typical Design Specifications for PWRSpecifications for PWR

Thermal Power 3800 MW

Electrical Power 1300 MW

Efficiency 34.2%

Fuel Enrichment 3.3 %

Steam Pressure 7.58 MPa




Safety designSafety design

1.Negative temperature coefficient 2.Decay heat

Removal system 3. Three barriers

• Cooling core at any condition

• Fuel clad• Pressure vessel• Containment building

• Reactivity decreases with increasing temperature




Nuclear Reactor Three StagesNuclear Reactor Three Stages

Thermal Neutron Reactor

Thermal Neutron Reactor

Fast Neutron Breed

Reactor

Fast Neutron Breed

Reactor

Fusion ReactorFusion

Reactor

The majority of NPPs currently

Better utilization of 238U resource

Reducing radioactive waste

Dream of human beings




ContentsContents






Energy ConsumptionEnergy Consumption

Year

The energy consumption of China in 1997~2009 (kilo ton)The energy consumption of China in 1997~2009 (kilo ton)




Power GenerationPower Generation

The power generation of China in 2001~2009The power generation of China in 2001~2009

0

8000

16000

24000

32000

40000

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

power generation ×10̂ 8Kwh（）





Since 2004, Chinese government changed the policy of nuclear development from “moderate” to “active” Since 2004, Chinese government changed the policy of nuclear development from “moderate” to “active”

Jan. 2006, Large-scale advanced pressurized water reactor power plant was listed in “Sixteen National Significant S&T Projects” by National Program for Medium to Long- Term Scientific and Technological Development

Jan. 2006, Large-scale advanced pressurized water reactor power plant was listed in “Sixteen National Significant S&T Projects” by National Program for Medium to Long- Term Scientific and Technological Development

Sep 5, 2010, President Hu Jintao in Daya Bay NPP




ContentsContents






Current statusCurrent status

Nuclear power reactors in ChinaNuclear power reactors in China

Nuclear reactor technologies in ChinaNuclear reactor technologies in China

Nuclear equipment manufactureNuclear equipment manufacture

Advanced reactorsAdvanced reactors

Fuel cycleFuel cycle

Nuclear power reactorsNuclear power reactors

Nuclear power reactors in mainland China (Updated 15 August 2010)




Tianwan2

Qingshan6

Daya Bay, lingao4

Haiyang2

Sanyang2

Tanshan2

Tianwan4

Ningde4

Fuqing6

Yangjiang6

Fangchenggang2

Changjiang2

Hongyanhe6

Fangjiashan2

Qinshan II 1

Lingao II 2

In operation

Generation II+ under constructionGeneration III under construction

Units ProvinceNet

capacity (each)

Type OperatorCommercial operation

Daya Bay 1&2 Guangdong 944 MWe PWR CGNPC 1994

Qinshan Phase I Zhejiang 279 MWe PWR CNNC April 1994

Qinshan Phase II, 1-3

Zhejiang 610 MWe PWR CNNC 2002, 2004, (2011)

Qinshan Phase III, 1&2

Zhejiang 665 MWe PHWR CNNC 2002, 2003

Lingao Phase I, 1&2 Guangdong 935 MWe PWR CGNPC 2002, 2003

Tianwan 1&2 Jiangsu 1000 MWe PWR (VVER)

CNNC 2007

Lingao Phase II, 1 Guangdong 1037 MWe PWR CGNPC (Oct 2010)

Total: 13 10,234 Mwe

Operating nuclear reactorsOperating nuclear reactors

Mainland China has 13 nuclear power reactors in operation, 24 under construction, and more about to start construction soon.Mainland China has 13 nuclear power reactors in operation, 24 under construction, and more about to start construction soon.




Nuclear reactors under construction Nuclear reactors under construction

The number in () represent first concrete was poured




Generation II+ underconstruction

Plant Number

Gross Under construction

Capacity (104kw)Gross Under

construction

Qinshan Phase II

Lingao II

Hongyanhe

Ningde

Fangjiashan

Fuqing

Yangjiang

Changjiang

Jiangsu Tianwan

Fangchengg

Total

Nuclear reactors under construction (continued)

Nuclear reactors under construction (continued)

The number in () represent first concrete was poured

Plant Number

Gross Under constructio

n

Capacity (104kw)Gross Under

construction

Generation III underconstruction

Sanmen

Haiyang

Taishan

Total

II+and III Total




Nuclear reactor technologies in ChinaNuclear reactor technologies in China

CNP300: Qinshan phase I, China's first indigenously-designed, Constructed from late 1980, exporting to Pakistan CNP300: Qinshan phase I, China's first indigenously-designed, Constructed from late 1980, exporting to Pakistan

CNP600: Qinshan phase IICNP600: Qinshan phase II

CNP1000: China National Nuclear Corporation, developed from Qinshan CNP-600 unitsCNP1000: China National Nuclear Corporation, developed from Qinshan CNP-600 units

Qinshan phase IIQinshan phase I




Nuclear reactor technologies in China(Continued)

Nuclear reactor technologies in China(Continued)

CANDU 6: Qinshan Phase III , supplied by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL)CANDU 6: Qinshan Phase III , supplied by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL)

M310: Daya Bay, PWRs imported from France M310: Daya Bay, PWRs imported from France

VVER: Tianwan, Russia's AES-91, Tianwan units 3 & 4 will use the same version of the VVER-1000VVER: Tianwan, Russia's AES-91, Tianwan units 3 & 4 will use the same version of the VVER-1000

Qinshan Phase III

CPR1000: China Guangdong Nuclear Power Cooperation, Lingao, Advanced CPR1000CPR1000: China Guangdong Nuclear Power Cooperation, Lingao, Advanced CPR1000

Daya Bay Tianwan




Nuclear reactor technologies in China (continued)

Nuclear reactor technologies in China (continued)

SFR: Fast neutron reactors, located in CIAE, achieved its first criticality in Jul 21, 2010SFR: Fast neutron reactors, located in CIAE, achieved its first criticality in Jul 21, 2010

AP1000: Generation III technology, first four Westinghouse AP1000 reactors are being built at Sanmen and HaiyangAP1000: Generation III technology, first four Westinghouse AP1000 reactors are being built at Sanmen and Haiyang

EPR: Generation III technology, two Areva EPR reactors are being built at TaishanEPR: Generation III technology, two Areva EPR reactors are being built at Taishan

CEFR (SFR) HTR-10

HTR: High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor, designed by INET of Tsinghua University, pebble bed fuel, HTR-PM HTR: High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor, designed by INET of Tsinghua University, pebble bed fuel, HTR-PM




Nuclear reactor technologies in China (Summary)

Nuclear reactor technologies in China (Summary)

Summary:

PWR was the major reactor type, but not the unique reactor type.The reactors under construction are mainly generation II+ and III.

Summary:

PWR was the major reactor type, but not the unique reactor type.The reactors under construction are mainly generation II+ and III.

News: Aug 26, 2010, Lingao Phase II, unit 1 put into operation




Nuclear equipment manufacture

Three nuclear equipment manufacturing bases gradually formedSupply pressure vessels, steam generators, turbines, regulatorsThree nuclear equipment manufacturing bases gradually formedSupply pressure vessels, steam generators, turbines, regulators

Northeast Northeast

Shanghai Shanghai

SichuanSichuan

Harbin Electric CorporaitonProduct: AP1000 steam turbine, Reactor: Haiyang, Sanmen

Harbin Electric CorporaitonProduct: AP1000 steam turbine, Reactor: Haiyang, Sanmen

Dongfang Electric Corporaiton, Product: Steam generator and turbineReactor: Fuqing, Fangjiashan

Dongfang Electric Corporaiton, Product: Steam generator and turbineReactor: Fuqing, Fangjiashan

Shanghai Electric Corporaiton, Product: Steam generator, pressure vessel, nuclear island componentsReactor:Qinshan II, Lingao II

Shanghai Electric Corporaiton, Product: Steam generator, pressure vessel, nuclear island componentsReactor:Qinshan II, Lingao II




Advanced reactors---CEFR

CEFR: China Experimental Fast ReactorCEFR: China Experimental Fast Reactor

•A project of National High Technology R&D Program (863 Program)•A project of National High Technology R&D Program (863 Program)

Coolant Thermal power Electric power

Na 65MW 20MW




Advanced reactors---CEFR(Continued)

Three phases plan of fast reactor in ChinaThree phases plan of fast reactor in China

CEFR: China Experiment Fast ReactorCEFR: China Experiment Fast Reactor

•Jul 21, 2010 ， CEFR achieved criticality

•Next step: Connected to the grid before Jun 30, 2011

•Jul 21, 2010 ， CEFR achieved criticality

•Next step: Connected to the grid before Jun 30, 2011

CEFR

Experimental

Fast reactor

CEFR

Experimental

Fast reactor

CDFR

Demonstration

Fast Reactor

CDFR

Demonstration

Fast Reactor

CCFR

Commercial Fast Reactor

CCFR

Commercial Fast Reactor

11 22 33

Cooperation with RussiaCooperation with Russia




Advanced reactors---HTR

HTR: High temperature gas cooled reactorHTR: High temperature gas cooled reactor

HTR-10:

•A project of National High Technology R&D Program (863 Program)

•2000, achieved its first criticality•2002, connected to grid•2003, reached rated power

HTR-10:

•A project of National High Technology R&D Program (863 Program)

•2000, achieved its first criticality•2002, connected to grid•2003, reached rated power

Coolant Helium

Thermal power 10MW

Fuel element Pebble bed




Advanced reactors---HTR(Continued)

HTR: High temperature gas cooled reactorHTR: High temperature gas cooled reactor

Two projects under development: HTR-10GT, HTR-PMTwo projects under development: HTR-10GT, HTR-PM

HTR-10GTHTR-10GT HTR-PMHTR-PM

Thermal power:500MW

Two reactors drive one turbine

Thermal power:500MW

Two reactors drive one turbine




Nuclear Fuel CycleStrategy: Closed nuclear fuel cycle systemStrategy: Closed nuclear fuel cycle system

China has primarily established a nuclear fuel cycle system covering uranium exploration, mining and milling, conversion, isotope separation, nuclear fuel element manufacture and spent fuel reprocessing.

China has primarily established a nuclear fuel cycle system covering uranium exploration, mining and milling, conversion, isotope separation, nuclear fuel element manufacture and spent fuel reprocessing.




Establishing a closed nuclear fuel cycle, is very important to realizesustainable development of nuclear energy and protect environment

Establishing a closed nuclear fuel cycle, is very important to realizesustainable development of nuclear energy and protect environment

Nuclear Fuel Cycle (continued)

Spent fuel reprocessingSpent fuel reprocessing

•In March 2010, hot commissioning of the pilot spent fuel reprocessing plant was started.

•In Feb 2010, Large-scale commercial spent fuel reprocessing factory (LSFRB) project listed in “Sixteen National Significant S&T Projects” was launched officially.

•In March 2010, hot commissioning of the pilot spent fuel reprocessing plant was started.

•In Feb 2010, Large-scale commercial spent fuel reprocessing factory (LSFRB) project listed in “Sixteen National Significant S&T Projects” was launched officially.




ContentsContents

Government Policy Government Policy





Future Plan

Nuclear power capacity are officially estimated to be 80 GWe by 2020, 200 GWe by 2030 and 400 GWe by 2050.

Nuclear power capacity are officially estimated to be 80 GWe by 2020, 200 GWe by 2030 and 400 GWe by 2050.

9

80

200

400

0

100

200

300

400

500

2009 2020 2030 2050 yearinst

alle

d n

ucl

ear

capaci

ty (

GW

e)

inst

alle

d n

ucl

ear

capaci

ty (

GW

e)




ContentsContents

Government Policy Government Policy




ConclusionsConclusions

ConclusionsConclusions

China is actively promoting nuclear power, to China is actively promoting nuclear power, to meet the requirements of energy consumption, meet the requirements of energy consumption, low carbon emission for sustainable development.low carbon emission for sustainable development.

PWRs will be the majority of reactor type in China, PWRs will be the majority of reactor type in China, including Generation II+ and III.including Generation II+ and III.

Three nuclear equipment manufacture bases are Three nuclear equipment manufacture bases are established, which can supply most components established, which can supply most components of NPPs.of NPPs.

China Experimental Fast Reactor achieved its first China Experimental Fast Reactor achieved its first criticality. The establishment of the closed criticality. The establishment of the closed nuclear fuel cycle system is now in progress.nuclear fuel cycle system is now in progress.



Future PlanFuture Plan Future PlanFuture Plan

Current StatusCurrent Status Current StatusCurrent Status

ConclusionsConclusions ConclusionsConclusions

ReferencesReferences China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC),

http://www.cnnc.com.cnhttp://www.cnnc.com.cn China Guangdong Nuclear Power Holding China Guangdong Nuclear Power Holding

Corporation (CGNPC), Corporation (CGNPC), http://www.cgnpc.com.cnhttp://www.cgnpc.com.cn

State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation Ltd. (SNPTC), http://www.snptc.com.cnLtd. (SNPTC), http://www.snptc.com.cn

China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), http://www.ciae.ac.cnhttp://www.ciae.ac.cn

World Nuclear Association (WNA), World Nuclear Association (WNA), http://www.world-nuclear.orghttp://www.world-nuclear.org

Thanks for your attention.Thanks for your attention.

nuclear power generation in china wang jie, yu xiaoli, yang xiaoyong inet, tsinghua university,...

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