Nuclear Security Culture :

In Case of ROK

Mar.20, 2014

Hosik YOO

Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control

Background

NSC framework

National implementing guide

Policy statements and action plans

Education & training

NSC assessment (Including Survey)

Efforts to strengthening NSC

Contents

1

International actions and efforts ◦ Amendment to CPPNM, fundamental principle F

◦ Code of conduct on the safety and security of radioactive sources

◦ Nuclear Security Summit 2010, 2012

◦ IAEA NSS No.7 (Nuclear security culture)

Human factor challenge in nuclear security

◦ Insider threat, Trustworthiness, etc.

Synergy between safety and security

◦ Principal of a shared objective between nuclear security and nuclear safety

Background

2

Status on the Nuclear Culture in ROK ◦ The Nuclear Safety Culture was already established and

implemented in 1994

◦ The Industrial Security Culture was implemented beginning in 2000

◦ The Nuclear Security Culture was started in the middle of the last decade

Background (Cont.)

3

Culture is NOT the regulation

Policy and Guidelines for establishing and implementing Nuclear Security Culture

Efforts to encourage participation of ALL Stakeholders in nuclear security

Regular Assessment for enhancing NSC

Continuous Training and Education

Our Direction to NSC

4

NSC Framework in ROK

5

National NSC Policy

Organizational NSC Policy

Action Plans

Implementation

Education & Training

Baseline Analysis (Survey) & Assessment Programs

National Implementing Guide

Declaration

Policy

Plan

Operation

Sustainability

Evaluation

Nuclear Security Culture Implementing Guide

◦ Introduction

- Background, Objective, Scope, Structure

◦ Concept of Nuclear Security Culture

- Definition

- Human factor and Leadership

- Interactions between safety culture

and security culture

◦ Implementing Guide

- State, Organizations, Managers,

Individuals

National Implementing Guide

6

National Implementing Guide

National NSC Policy

Organizational NSC Policy

Action Plans

Implementation

Education & Training

Baseline Analysis (Survey) & Assessment Programs

National Implementing Guide (Cont.)

7

Managers in Organizations

Distribution of Responsibility

Fundamental Security Environment

Information Security

Security Policy Statement

Management Structures

Resources Management

Self-assessment and Improvement

Strict and Prudent Approach

Observation and Report

Prompt Reaction

Definition of Responsibilities

Practices Management

Qualifications and Training

Motivation

Performance Enhancement

State

Organizations

Attitudes of Individuals

National NSC Policy

Organizational NSC Policy

Action Plans

Implementation

Education & Training

Baseline Analysis (Survey) & Assessment Programs

Policy statements (Dec. 2013)

- All organizations established their policy statements

based on the national implementing guide

Organizational Policy

8

[KHNP] [KAERI]

Action plans at all organization levels (Dec. 2013)

- All organizations established each action plan

based on the national implementing guide

Organizational Plans

9

[KHNP] [KAERI]

National NSC Policy

Organizational NSC Policy

Action Plans

Implementation

Education & Training

Baseline Analysis (Survey) & Assessment Programs

Physical Protection Course

◦ Legal Basis (Mandatory)

- Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency

- Regulations on Physical Protection Education (NSSC Notice)

◦ Target Trainees (~1,000 persons/yr)

- Nuclear Security Management Personnel

- Nuclear Security Equipment Technicians and Maintenance Personnel

- Nuclear Security Guards

※ Remote training is accepted

up to 60% of the hours

◦ Objective

- Recognizing the importance of physical protection

- Improving national nuclear security culture

Education and Training

10

Initial Refresh 8 hrs/yr 4 hrs/yr

National NSC Policy

Organizational NSC Policy

Action Plans

Implementation

Education & Training

Baseline Analysis (Survey) & Assessment Programs

Baseline Analysis (Annual survey) ◦ Surveys for Nuclear Security Culture have been conducted since 2010

◦ Objective: awareness and attitude for NSC

◦ Target: Licensee (KHNP Nuclear Power Plant, etc.)

◦ Respondents: 758 persons (Managers, Employees) - Emergency planning office, Nuclear security team, Guards, Cyber

security team, HR team, etc.

◦ Questionnaires: 60 questions

◦ Survey Method: On-line Survey

◦ Survey Period: Aug. 5 – 14 (10 days)

NSC Assessment – Baseline Analysis

11

National NSC Policy

Organizational NSC Policy

Action Plans

Implementation

Education & Training

Baseline Analysis (Survey) & Assessment Programs

Questionnaires

NSC Assessment – Baseline Analysis (Cont.)

12

Ref. NSS No.7 (2008)

Belief & Attitude (8 Questions)

Operation System (21 Questions)

Management Behavior (22 Questions)

Employee Behavior (22 Questions)

National NSC Policy

Organizational NSC Policy

Action Plans

Implementation

Education & Training

Baseline Analysis (Survey) & Assessment Programs

Survey results

13

NSC Assessment – Baseline Analysis (Cont.)

Belief & Attitude

[81.5]

Leader Behavior

[81.7]

Operation System

[79.5]

Employee Behavior

[84.6]

NSC Awareness

[81.8] Employee [76.5]

Manager [86.8]

Employee [81.6]

Manager [87.5]

25%

25%

25%

25%

NSC Awareness

2011 2012 2013

64.1 70.0 81.8

Analysis

14

NSC Assessment – Baseline Analysis (Cont.)

Belief & Attitude

Leader (Manager) Behavior

Operation System

Employee Behavior

• Lack of Awareness for NSC

• Lack of Awareness for Individual Role

Findings Analysis

• Lack of Communication Channels and System

• Lack of Compensation and Incentive System

• Inadequacy of Assessment System

• Lack of Action Plans for NSC

• Inadequacy of Standard and System

• Inadequacy of Guidelines and Procedures

• Lack of Active Mutual Cooperation with other

Departments

Improvements

15

NSC Assessment – Baseline Analysis (Cont.)

Attitude Improvement

1. Security Awareness

2. Awareness of NS Importance

3. Ownership

4. Sense of Duty

5. Increase Interest

6. Accountability

7. Tension

:

NSC Construction

1. Systematic Policy, System, and

Guidelines

2. Reinforcement of Education

&Training

3. Prevention and Preparedness

against Threats

4. Reinforcement of Entry

Control

5. Manpower Training

Action Plans

Implementation & Practices

Goal Construction of NSC

Infrastructure

1. PP Maintenance and

Reinforcement

2. Budget and Manpower

3. Research and Development

4. National Investment

5. Reinforcement of Radioactive

Materials Management :

1. Observance of Rules

2. Devotion to Duty

3. Accurate Understanding

4. Initiative

5. Positive Attitude

6. Awareness of Threats

7. Information Security

:

:

Vulnerable

Factor Awareness Role Importance

Belief & Attitude

Assessment Procedures

Response for Change

Effective Infrastructure

Guidelines, Procedures

Operation System

Opinion Collection

Incentives

Leader Behavior

Cooperation Guideline Implementation

Employee Behavior

◦ Index, verification and measurement method

◦ Demonstration Evaluation: Dec. 2014 (expected)

16

NSC Assessment – Self Assessment

Technical Workshop on NSC (Sep. 2013)

◦ Aware and establish NSC National Implementing Guide

Efforts to strengthening NSC

17

Nuclear Security Culture Workshop (Nov. 2013)

◦ Introduce and encourage NSC Establishment

18

Efforts to strengthening NSC (Cont.)

Regional Workshop on NSC (Dec. 2013)

◦ Share information and strengthen cooperation for NSC

19

Efforts to strengthening NSC (Cont.)