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8/12/2019 Nuclear Shopping Guide

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ClC-l 4 REPORT COLLECTIONREPRODUCTION

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Stockpile Monitor Program

Los AlamosNATIONAL LABORATORYLQSAlamos National L.aboratoy is operated by the University of Californiafor the United States Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36.


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Edited by A?athana Haines, Professional Writing Services, for Group l l

An Affirmative Acfion/Equal Opportunity Employer

This report was prepared as an account of work spunsored by an agency of theUnited Slates Government. Neither The Regents oftheUniversity of California, theUnited States Government nor anyagencyhereof, nor any of their employees, makes anywurranty, express or implied, or assumes any legai l iability or responsibil ity for the accuracy,completeness, or usefidness of any information, appuratus, product, or process disclosed, orrepresents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference hereinto any specificcommercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or othcnviw, dotsnot necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or fuvoring by The Regentsof the University of California, the United States Government, or any agency thereof. The vi twsand opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessuri[y stute or reflect those ofTheRegents ofthe Universityof California, the United StutesGovernment, or anyagency thereof.


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LA-12796-MSUC-700Issued: July 1994

The Stockpile Monitor ProgramGregory A. 13wztainMichael FletcherRon Rabie

LosAlamosNATIONAL LABORATORY

Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545


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Th e St ock p ile on it o r rogramby

Gregory A. Buntain, Michael Fletcher, and Ron Rabie

ABSTRACTRecent political changes have led to drastic reductions in thenumber of nuclear warheads in stockpile, as well as increased

expectations for warhead-service lives. In order to support andmaintain a shrinking and aging nuclear stockpile, weaponsaentists and engineers need detailed information describingthe environments experienced by weapons in the field. Hence,the Stockpile Monitor Program was initiated in 1991 to developa comprehensive and accurate database of temperature andhumidity conditions experienced by nuclear warheads both instorage and on-alert.

INTRODUCTIONThe end of the Cold War and concomi-tant political changes have initiated a drasticdecrease in the number of warheads (WHS)constituting our nuclear stockpile. In addi-tion, the role of the Department of Energys

(DOEs) Weapon Complex is evolving fromone of nuclear weapon manufacturing toone of maintaining nuclear competence inthe absence of any war reserve (WR) manu-facturing. A corollary of these changes isthat WHS are expected to last more than 50years, far beyond their intended design life.Because of these changing expectations forweapon service life, scientists need detailedinformation about the environments WHSexperience during storage. When weaponscientists examine WR surveillance units,they need to know what storage conditionsthe weapon has experienced throughout itslife and use that information to evaluate

surveillance data and predict remainingservice life. Environmental informationis also needed for establishing and modify-ing stockpile-to-target sequence (STS) r-quirements. Unfortunately, this type ofenvironmental information is essentiallynonexistent.In an effort to fill this informational void,Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)Group M-1, now Group DX-16, initiated theStockpile Monitor Program (SMP) in 1991.The purpose of the SMP is to develop acomprehensive database of WH storageconditions by monitoring temperature andhumidity at representative locations aroundthe world. These locations include facilitiescapable of storing and/or handling nuclmrweapons presently, in the past, or in thefuture. The information gleaned from thiseffort is being incorporated into a compre-hensive surveillance database (Excel andOracleTM)that allows detailed correlation of

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weapon-surveillance data with weaponpedigree and assoaated lifetimeenviron-mental conditions. The data and knowledgegained from the SMP will be shared withqualified Department of Defense (DoD) andDOE agencies upon request.We am now roughly 3 years into theProgram and are still expanding our data-collection effort. Dataloggers are installed atthe following locations in the United States(Fig. 1): Barksdale AFB, Louisiana; DyessAFB, Texas; Grand Forks AFB, NorthDakota; Kirtland APB, New Mexico (threelocations); K.I. Sawyer AFB, Michigan;Nellis AFB, Nevada; Sierra Army Depot,

California; Mason Hangers Pantex Plant,Texas (four locations); Fairchild APB, Wash-ington; Griffiss APB, New York; and at aNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)base in the Federal Republic of Germany.Dataloggers will be installed in Minute ManIII (MMIII) silos at the 341st Missile Wing inMalmstrom, Montana, during the spring of1994. This report is intended to be a broadoverview of the SMP program. Detailedreports on specific locations are being devel-oped and will be available upon request.

I* Complete Scheduled I

HARDWAREEquipment for the SMP is purchasedfrom Campbell ScientificTMand is used with-out modification. Components required for

datalogger installations have been tested forElectromagnetic Interference (EMI) in MMIIIsilos and have been approved for use by theAir Force.* Furthermore, SMP hardware hasbeen reviewed and approved for installationat Pantex Plant staging areas by the PantexNuclear Explosive Safety Group. All hard-ware and personal computer (PC) softwarefor the SMP are provided by LANL and con-sist of the following components:. CR1OProgrammable Datalogger/Controller.This unit can collect up to 12 single-endedchannels of environmental information andstore data in 64k of permanent memory.Simple algorithms to massage data, i.e.,average, maximum/minimum values, etc.,are easily programmed into the CR1O.Electromagnetic Interference Test Report for a CampbellScientific, Inc., Datalogger System: OO-ALCMME-89Q07,Contract F42600S7-C-3166 OPT-I [Disk TR3.2], Feb. 1989.Prepanxl by: C. V. Reid (00-ALC/MMGRAH/BAC.Approved by V.J. Alder (oO-ALC/MMCRAH/BAC).

~ KirtlandAFB, NM (3 Ioc)* KJ. Sawyer AFB, Ml

Nellis AFB, NV~ Sierra Army Depot, CA~ Pantex Plant, TX (4 Ioc)* Fairchild AFB, WA* Griffiss AFB, NY

1 Malmstrom, MTFig. 1. SikfP installation sites in the United States.


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Communication with the CR1O is accom-plished via a CR1OKD keypad/displayor PC.. PS12-ALK or PSI 2-LA Power Supplies.The CR1O requires a 12-V power source foroperation. This source can utilize alkalineD-cell batteries (PS12-ALK) or a recharge-able lead/acid battery (PS12-LA). Depend-ing on the number of channels used and thefrequency of data collection, power supplieslast between 3 months and 1 year. ENC 12/14 Or ENC 10/12 Modules. Thesesturdy fiberglass enclosures house theCR1O and PS12. They are classified NEMA4X and are designed to protect the CR1Oand power supply from extreme environ-mental conditions.. XN218 Temperature/Relative HumidityProbe and Thermistor Probe 010-44019A. TheYSI 44019A thermistor measures tempera-ture between -55C and +85C with a worst-case accuracy of +2.1 C (typical case isbetter than *lC). The 44019 thermistorrequires a 2.5-V excitation signal from theCR1O for measurement. The XN218 is acombination temperature and relativehumidity/temperature (RHT) probe. Tem-perature is obtained from a YSI 44019Athermistor (described above). Relativehumidity (RH) is obtained with aHygrometrix humidity transducer with alinear range from Oto 100 and a maxi-mum error of +470. SMI 92 Storage Module. The SM192 is asmall, portable, peripheral storage deviceused to retrieve data from the CR1Odatalogger. The SM192 stores data in bat-tery-backed random access memory (RAM).. PC208 Datalogger Support Software, SC32Aand SC532 Interfaces. Programs and datacan be transferred between the CR1O andany DOS-compatible computer, loaded withPC208 support software, through the SC32Aoptical interface. PC208 capabilities

include local/remote programming anddata collection, CR1Oprogramming, datamanipulation, etc.A complete datalogger kit? is pictured inFig. 2. Mounted in the white fiberglass box(ENC 10/12) are the CR1O datalogger andPS12-ALK power supply. Sitting on theENC 10/12 lid are the CR1OKD keypaddisplay, SM192 storage module, and PS12-ALK cover plate. Measurement probes (notpictured) are fed out through the port on theleft side of the ENC 10/12.EXPERIMENTALInstallationStorage sites at nuclear-capable facilitiesinclude earth covered igloos, pull-throughsv underground cells, and tunnels.Site instrumentation has gradually evolvedinto a typical configuration that isadhered to as consistently as possible, givensite-specific constraints.* Typical instrumen-tation consists of one O1O-44O19Athermistorlocated on the outside wall of the structureand two XN218 RHT probes on the insidewall. Both RHT probes are suspended fromthe ceiling along the center-line of the struc-ture, one in front and one in the rear. TheCR1O datalogger (in ENCIO/12) is set in anout-of-the-way location on the floor or ismounted on the structure wall. Cables arerun along existing conduit with no perma-nent alterations made to the faality. Atypical site installation involves instrument-ing two representative structures withunique environmental characteristics, i.e.,one pull-through and one igloo. Siteinstallation and checkout is usually com-pleted in less than one working day. Eachsite is maintained for a minimum of 2 years.

*LANL is usually willing to custom configtm installa-tions if local organizations require specialized data fortheir own programs.

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Fig. 2. Da falogger kit.

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CR1O dataloggers are programmed tomeasure temperatures and humidities everyminute and store the data in intermediatememory. Every 4 hours data in inte~ediatememory are averaged and stored in perma-nent memory, giving six data sets per day.In addition, every 4 hours maximum/minimum temperatures and humidities areselected from intermediate memory andstored in permanent memory along withtheir time of acquisition.MaintenanceDatalogger maintenance (periodic datacollection and battery changing) is per-formed quarterly or semi-annually, depend-

ing upon site configuration. Maintenance istypically performed by weapons storagearea (WSA) personnel, although LANL willperform this function if needed. Data collec-tion involves attachment of the SM192storage module and CR1OKD keypad to theCR1O datalogger and entering nine key-strokes. Data can be transferred from theSM192 to any IBM-compatible PC as a

comma-delineated ASCII file by usingPC208 software. These raw data are mailedto LANL Group DX-16, either on a floppy-disk or SM192 medium, for incorporationinto a surveillance database.Part of CRIO-datalogger maintenanceincludes changing the eight D-cell batteriesproviding power to the system. Changingbatteries involves attaching an auxiliary12-V battery to the CR1O while replaang thespent batteries with fresh commeraal batter-ies. The entire CR1Omaintenance operation

(data collection and battery changing)requires approximately 15 minutes perdatalogger. If 11O-Vpower is available atthe installation site, the CR1O can run indefi-nitely off a 12-v power supply with a lead/acid-gel battery backup. Solar chargingpanels are also possible sources of energy insome instances.RESULTSExamples of data obtained from the SMPare presented in the following figures. Rawdata are collected as comma-delineated

107,1993,289,1600,1 1.82,23 .62,74 .5,72 .9,72 .9,72 .8,45 .95,44 .87,44 .62,74.5, 160.72.9.1500.72.9. 1600.72 .8,1300,46.06,1300,45.08,1 300,44.77,1300,74.5,1300,72.8,1300,72.8,1300,72.8, 1300,45 .79,1 600,44.77,1500,44.52,1600107,1993,289,2000,1 l.82,23.62,74.5,73,72 .9,72 .9,45 .92,44 .87,44 .69,74.5, 1700,73, 1700,73,1700,72 .9,1700,46.06,2 000,44.97,1900,44 .77,l9OO,74.5,l 800,72.9,1800,72.8,1 800,72 .8,1800,45.79,1700,44.77,1700,44.6,1700107;1993,289,2400, 11.82,23 .62,74 .5,72 .9,73,72 .7,46 .68,45 .77,45 .62,74 .5,22OO,72.9,0,73,0,72.7,2200,47 .07,0,46,2300,45 .93,0,74.5,21 00,72.8,2100,72 .9,21 OO,72.7,2100,46 .33,2100,45.38,2100,45.27,2100

Fig. 3. Example OJSMP comma-delineated ASCHJile.


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Array ID ~ Jian Day m Batterv Volts CRIO Te mD. TC TemD. RHTI fFro@ EhL107 1993 289 1600 11.82 23.62 74.5 72.9 .107 1993 289 2000 11.82 23.62 74.5 73 .107 1993 289 2400 11.82 23.62 74.5 72.9

7 1993 290 400 11.82 23.62 74.5 72.9m

Fig. 4, Example SMP spreadsheet file,Once environmental data are in spread-sheet form, graphs of environmental condi-tions as a function of time can be produced.Representative graphs of environmental

conditions at sites on Nellis AFB, Nevada,and Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, illustratethe environmental diversity WHS can expe-rience (Figs. 5 and 6). Temperature andhumidity at the Nellis AFB installationreflect a relatively uncontrolled environ-ment, while temperature at the Kirtlandinstallation is much more controlled. It ispossible to search environmental data atspeafied locations for certain conditions,such as if and when prescribed temperatureand/or humidity limits were exceeded.

CONCLUSIONThe SMP was initiated in 1991 to de-velop a database of environmental condi-tions nuclear warheads can experience

during deployment and/or storage. Thesedata are used by Los Alamos scientists whenevaluating weapon-surveillance results andpredicting remaining service life. Otheragencies use data obtained from the SMP toevaluate STS requirements and other mili-tary requirements. Although the Program isstill in its infancy, considerable data areavailable from locations across the continen-tal United States and Europe. Furthermore,as the Program matures, the amount andcomplexity of information available willincrease.


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Fig.5. Temperature andhumidity data from Ne~lisAFB,1992.

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Los AlamosNATIONAL LABORATORY

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