nuclear structure
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Nuclear structure. ~ 65% of Uk nuclear physics community is studying nuclear structure. Questions we address:. What are the limits of nuclear existence? What is the heaviest element we can make and where does the nuclear dripline lie? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Nuclear structure
~65% of Uk nuclear physics community is studying nuclear structure
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Questions we address:
2007 nuclear physics strategy document
• What are the limits of nuclear existence? What is the heaviest element we can make and where does the nuclear dripline lie?
• Do new forms of collective motion occur far from the valley of nuclear stability?
• Are there new forms of nuclear matter in very loosely bound nuclear systems?
• How does the ordering of quantum states alter in highly dilute or neutron-rich matter?
• Do symmetries seen in near-stable nuclei also appear far from stability and do we observe new symmetries?
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Major investments in time and money at
GSI/FAIR
University of Jyvaskyla
CERN/ISOLDE (to a lesser extent)
…will focus on these three but mention other highlights
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Future FAIR facility
SuperFRS
Future facility
Future facility
100 m
GSI todayGSI today
SIS 100/300
UNILAC
ESR
SIS 18
HESR
RESR
NESR
Rare isotope production target
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UK is heavily involved in 3 “experiments” within NuSTAR
R3B : Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams
HISPEC: High-resolution in-flight spectroscopy
DESPEC: Decay spectroscopy
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One –nucleon knockout reactions measure the spectroscopic factors....how appropriate is a mean-field description for exotic nuclei?
R3B: Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams: an example of
the physics…
n-rich p-rich
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RIB from FRS
Light target e.g H2
R3B: Inverse kinematics
“Stripped „ beam carries on
Light particles are emitted here…. UK building a tracker to measure energy and direction
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High energy IonsFrom this direction
Liquid Hydrogen TargetGold Foil surround (Not Shown)
3 Layers of Silicon
Vacuum Chamber
Calorimeter
R3B Si Tracker Layout WG leader: R. Lemmon, M. ChartierSTFC Daresbury Laboratory (+ STFC RAL for ASIC)
Universities of Birmingham, Edinburgh, Liverpool, Surrey
Nuclear Structure and Reactions within NUSTAR 8
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High energy IonsFrom this direction
Liquid Hydrogen TargetGold Foil surround (Not Shown)
3 Layers of Silicon
Vacuum Chamber
Calorimeter
R3B Si Tracker Layout WG leader: R. Lemmon, M. ChartierSTFC Daresbury Laboratory (+ STFC RAL for ASIC)
Universities of Birmingham, Edinburgh, Liverpool, Surrey
Nuclear Structure and Reactions within NUSTAR 9
More information in Andy Bosto
n’s talk
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Spectroscopy of proton drip-line nuclei
(a) How does the basic neutron-proton exchange symmetry evolve or break down at the drip-line
(b) Can we understand exotic particle decays from proton-rich nuclear matter?
(c) What is the structure of nuclei along the crucial rp process path?
58
65 r-processpath
rp-processpath
2028
50
82
8
8
20
28
50
82
126
m asses m easured at the FR S-ESR
stable nucle i
nuclides w ith know n m asses
W ill be m easured w ith SU PER -FR S-C R -N ESR
Proton drip-lin
e
HISPEC: High-resolution in-flight spectroscopy: an example of the physics…
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In-flight spectroscopy
Produce proton drip-line nuclei.
RIB from FRS
Secondary target Identify products usingLYCCA Lund, York, Cologne calorimeter
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The LYCCA Array: Lund-York-Cologne CAlorimeter
Secondary Target
Start Detector
Stop Detector
Si DSSSDs for ΔE and tracking
CsI scintillator for residual E
3.6 m
Si DSSSD for tracking
Slide from S.Milne, L.Scruton, University of York
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The Experiment:Slide from S.Milne, L.Scruton, University of York
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46V
Look for Tz dependencein B(E2) from first 2+
1 mm 1 mm
Slide from S.Milne, L.Scruton, University of York
Motivation: Isospin Mixing in 46V
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Continuing the work at York on mirror pairs and Coulomb energy differences
P.J.Davies et al.,: Physical Review Letters 111 (2013) 072501
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-decay
TAS
-b delayed neutron detector
β,n, g-decay of exotic (neutron-rich) nuclei...DESPEC is the most sensitive piece of equipment
Neutron spectrometer MONSTER
g-ray time measurements
DESPEC: Decay spectroscopy, what’s the physics?
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g-ray time measurements
Precision tests of wavefunctions by measuring level lifetimes.
RIB from FRS
Stopper
b-decay
or isomeric
decay
g1
g2
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• Uses 12 x 8cm x 8cm DSSSD• Compatible with BELEN, MONSTER, TAS…..
• Measures position of implant
• Fast overload recovery (~ms}
• Time stamping
http://www2.ph.ed.ac.uk/~td/DSSD/
Active stopper…AIDA...Advanced Implantation Detector Array
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Design by University of Liverpool and STFC Daresbury Laboratory
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ROSPHERE @ Bucharest
15 HPGe detectors (A/C) were used to detect gamma rays; 10 x HPGe detectors placed @ 37o
1 x HPGe detector placed @ 64o
4 x HPGe detectors placed @ 90o
11 LaBr3(Ce) detectors were also used: ø2”x2” @ 90 and 64o (three)
(Cylindrical) ø1.5”x1.5” @ 90 (six) (Cylindrical) ø1”x1.5” @ 64o (two) (Conical)
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EURICA @ Riken12 RISING clusters 18 LaBr3(Ce) detectors
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BigRIPS separator at RIBF at RIKEN
Implant into WAS3ABI - 5 DSSD’swith 2 plastic scintillators
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PID plot for 102Y setting, 5 x 105 102Y implants in 2.5 hours
102Y
b correlation time set at 5 t1/2
Cluster spectrum scaled by a factor of 0.06
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Time between the beta (measured in the plastic) and the gamma-ray in the LaBr.
Measured t1/2 = 2.0 (2) and 2.0 (3) ns, in agreement with literature values
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Motivation here is shape evolution towards more neutron rich
Calculated using Grodzin’s formula
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Frequency (MHz)
102
101
100
99
98
96
94
93
92
95
97
Cheal et al., Phys.Letts B645 (2007) 133
Static deformation only
b rms=
0.43b rm
s=0.0
Ytrrium (Z=39) shapes measured with lasers
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IGISOL IV
Slide from P.Campbell
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First on-line laser spectroscopy experiment
104MoIGISOL 3July 2008
104MoIGISOL 4April 2013
107MoIGISOL 4April 2013 • First “commissioning run”
• Already seeing improvements• 107Mo now measured
Slide from P.Campbell
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(p,f) 100 μA on 30 g/cm250kW 25MeV photon
Slide from P.Campbell
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Delayed Gammas
Isomeric state
PROMPT gammas
Isomeric state
Trigger-less Data Acquisition System
JUROGAM, RITU, GREAT and the TDR.
D.M. Cullen, Physics with Large Arrays of Novel Scintillators, Dublin, Jan 2014
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Multiparticle spin trap 19- isomer
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Isomeric states (from fragmentation)
208Hg,209TlN. Aldahan et al., PRC80, 061302(R) (2009).
Isomeric stateRISING: isomeric decays
S. Steer et al., Phys. Rev. C 84 (2011) 044313
■
■
*
A. Gottardo et al.PRL109(2012)162502210Hg:PLB 725 (2013)292
M.Reed et al., PRL 105 (2010) 172501, PRC 86 (2012) 054321 (ESR storage ring)
■ ■
■
* *
Slide from Zs.Podolyak
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In box: E(4+)/E(2+) ratio
Pb
π νf7/2 j15/2
i13/2 i11/2
h9/2 g9/2
Z=82 N=126
s1/2 p1/2
d3/2 f5/2
h11/2 p3/2
d5/2 i13/2
1.9
1.4 1.4
Core-excited states around 208Pb
Slide from Zs.Podolyak
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Isomeric states (from fragmentation)
208Hg,209TlN. Aldahan et al., PRC80, 061302(R) (2009).
Isomeric stateRISING: isomeric decays
S. Steer et al., Phys. Rev. C 84 (2011) 044313
■
■
*
A. Gottardo et al.PRL109(2012)162502210Hg:PLB 725 (2013)292
M.Reed et al., PRL 105 (2010) 172501, PRC 86 (2012) 054321 (ESR storage ring)
■ ■
■
* *
Slide from Zs.Podolyak
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GSI accelerator complex
UNILAC
ES
RF
RS
SIS
9Be target
Experimental Storage Ring (ESR)Slide from P.M.Walker
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10-s
econ
d sn
apsh
ots
197Au fragmentation
A = 184, q = 72+
2.5 MeV
bare(single ions)
Reed et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 172501
0
tim
e (m
inut
es)
20
10
m2 g Ta 0e 1e
2.5 MeV
Hf
frequency
Stored ions: high-K isomers in n-rich 184Hf
Schottky mass spectrometry● first observation of m2 isomer● long-lived β-decaying isomer
T1/2 ≈ 12 min
Slide from P.M.Walker
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Spectroscopy Data
Slide from R.-D.Herzberg
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Internal Conversion
Slide from R.-D.Herzberg
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Overview
Slide from R.-D.Herzberg
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SAGE campaigns
1st Campaign (2012)• 251-Md• 253-No• 255-Lr
• 186-Hg• 152-Sm
2nd Campaign (now)
254-No 249-Md
186-Pb 179-Au 222-Th
Slide from R.-D.Herzberg
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Identification Problem Z > 112
100
120
114
162
184
108
152
GSI Elements
Z = 107-112Cn
N
Z
DsMt
HsBh
a
b+ EC
SF
b-
Rg
End points fission!
FlLv
IUPAC & IUPAP: direct measurement of atomic number Z !
Z=115
Separation and implantation of fusion-evaporation productsEnergy, position, and time correlation of implantation and decayAlpha-decay chains into known isotopes
JINR H
ot Fusion
48 Ca +
Actinides
Z = 113-11
8
S.G. Nilsson et al.NPA131, 1 (1969)
D. Rudolph, Lund University Föreningen Rydbergs minne, Lund, November 2013
Slide from R.-D.Herzberg
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Special thanks to …
The TASISpec / TASCA E115 Collaboration
D. Rudolph, Lund University Föreningen Rydbergs minne, Lund, November 2013
111, 112502 (2013)
ENSARUNILAC
Slide from R.-D.Herzberg
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Other highlights:fission mechanism
A Andreyev, M.Huyse and P. Van Duppen: Reviews of Modern Physics 85 (2013) 1541
Beta-delayed fission : ISOLDE/SHIP/GARISFusion fission : JAEA, Tokai, Japan
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Other highlights:pear-shaped nuclei
Gaffney, Butler at al.,: Nature 497 (2013) 1541
Used Coulex of radioactive 220Rn and 224Ra beams to measure octupole transition strengths. Conclude stronger octupole deformation in 224Ra than in 220Rn.
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D.J.Marin-Lambarri et al., : Physical Review Letters 113 (2014) 1541
Other highlights: Carbon-12 caught in a triangle
Observed a 5- state in 12C at 22.4 MeV which is interpreted as built ona triangular configuration. Contradicts ab initio calculations which indicate a linear chain of three alpha clusters.
Mentioned specifically becauseit used the Birmingham cyclotron……a UK facility!
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On behalf of: