nuclear waste: the challenge of underground storage and disposal

2nd Bi-Annual

Present:

Nuclear WasteThe Challenge of Underground Storage and Disposal

Monday 9 and Tuesday 10 November 2009, london, UK

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS:Alun Ellis, Repository Director, NDA, UNITED KINGDOM

Pierre Forbes, Director of Underground Research Laboratory, ANDRA, FRANCE

Juhani Vira, Research Director, POSIVA, FINlAND

Johan Swahn, Director, MKG, SWEDEN

Simon Webster, Head of Unit, EUROPEAN COMMISSION, BElGIUM

Ann McCall, Vice President, SKB IC, SWEDEN

Andrew Orrell, Director of Nuclear Energy, SANDIA NATIONAl lABORATORIES, UNITED STATES

Richard Shaw, Project Leader, BRITISH GEOlOGICAl SURVEY, UNITED KINGDOM

Jirí Slovák, Head of the Department of Geological Repository Development, RAWRA, CZECH REPUBlIC

Kazumi Kitayama, Senior Technical Advisor, NUMO JAPAN

AGENDA TOPICS AND CRITICAl ISSUES INClUDE:

Identifying • host communities that are willing to engage in site selectionDiscovering • solutions for licensing a high-level nuclear waste repository in FinlandOutlinin• g the European Commissions Euratom Framework ProgrammeAnalys• ing the status of the Swedish system for fi nal disposal of high-level wasteEvaluating • the current management approach to waste across Europe and internationally Understanding • methods to build world class repositoriesLessons • learnt from Yucca

8 COUNTRY CASE STUDIESThe only international conference dedicated solely to deep disposal of nuclear waste

Register now: Online: www.arena-international.com/power/nuclearwaste Email: [email protected]: +44 (0) 20 7753 4268 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7915 9773

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Programme Day One Monday 9 November 2009

10:30 Morning refreshments

11:00 Assuring the long-term safety of disposal: regulatory expectations

A major issue for deep disposal is managing long-term safety issues. The safety of a geological repository depends on the barriers that provide the containment functions. This presentation will provide an update on new developments regarding long-term safety from the perspective of the regulator What matters to an environmental regulator ●

The Environment Agency's recent (2009) regulatory guidance ●

on geological disposal and near-surface disposal: Objective, Principles and Requirements An Environmental Safety Case: the "golden thread" that must ●

run through a developer's programme The vital importance of stakeholder engagement ●

Key international initiatives: co-operation through OECD-NEA's ●

Radioactive Waste Management Committee; European pilot study on the regulatory review of the Safety CaseClive Williams, Policy Development Manager for Radioactive Substances Radiation, ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, UNITED KINGDOM

BUIlDING A WORlD ClASS REPOSITORY11:30 Managing the design options for a deep geological repository

to prepare for the future Repositories will be built and therefore need to be designed.

Once a site has been chosen, steps are taken to design the repositories; however this is a complicated process due to dissimilar rock formations which require site specific design. This presentation is essential to prepare for the future of high level nuclear wasteBasic principles of geological disposal facility (GDF) ●

performance and designUK site identification procedure and waste inventory impacts ●

on GDF conceptsGeneric high level waste (HLW) and spent fuel repository ●

concepts appropriate to the UK Implications of potential co-location with disposal of long lived ●

low and intermediate level wastes (LILW-LL)Some key issues in progressive design optimisation and ●

programme developmentNeil Chapman, Chairman, ITC SCHOOl, SWITZERlAND

12:00 Lunch

13:20 Design options for a repository operation: methods and results of R&D on remote operation technology

Under the condition of having no specific candidate site for a deep underground repository, a wide variety of technical options are required to assure the feasibility of the repository concepts in Japan. Through reviewing the R&D methods and results of the remote operation technology, design basis, design option and handling of accumulated information should be discussedA brief history of the R&D program for remote operation ●

technologyIntroduction of the R&D methods and their results ●

Quality and long-term performance of manufactured/ ●

constructed EBSDesign confirmation and demonstration for the options ●

A brief discussion of design option and information ●

managementHidekazu Asano, Project Manager, RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT FUNDING AND RESEARCH CENTRE, JAPAN

08:30 Registration

08:50 Opening remarks from the Chair OVERCOMING THE SOCIAl ISSUES09:00 Keynote opening presentation

UNITED KINGDOM CASE STUDY: Finding host communities that are willing to engage in site selection The UK nuclear scene has moved forward dramatically in recent years and it is generally accepted that deep geological disposal is the optimum long-term safe method for disposal of higher activity nuclear waste. Before this happens a site for disposal needs to be chosen which requires engagement with communities and obtaining their supportThe 2008 Managing Radioactive Waste Safely White Paper ●

Finding communities willing to engage in the site selection ●

process and increasing the transparency surrounding the subject of nuclear wasteHighlighting the importance of stakeholder engagement ●

Supporting communities to help them understand the scientific ●

basis for deep geological nuclear disposalSuccessfully conquering the suspicion towards the nuclear ●

industry by discussing both the technical aspects of the safe implementation of a geological disposal facility and the wider social, economic and environment issues involvedVery latest developments in Cumbria: the progress of site ●

selection to dateKeeping the impetus going: taking advantage of the current ●

window of opportunityLearning from our European counterparts: Sweden has two ●

municipalities volunteering for a repository site, have they done anything differently?Alun Ellis, Repository Director, NDA, UNITED KINGDOM

09:30 International co-operation: Ensuring that all countries have access to state-of-the-art geological repositoriesDespite the different rock formations, development levels, economic status and social circumstances in countries worldwide, it is vitally important that countries with hazardous radioactive wastes learn from each other, collaborate and share resources in order to ensure global safety and securityThe nuclear revival in Europe and globally: co-operation ●

between countries is essentialFocusing on a common objective using a range of avenues to ●

learn from each otherSharing knowledge and opinions on safety and waste ●

management to ensure protection of the public, workforce and environmentUnderstanding differing regulatory practices across Europe ●

Past and present vehicles for co-operation on waste disposal ●

Outlining the possibility of one European repository; progress ●

of the European pilot study to dateCharles McCombie, Executive Director, ARIUS FOUNDATION, SWITZERlAND

10:00 Panel discussion Standardising the management approach to waste across

Europe and internationally Alun Ellis, Repository Director, NDA, UNITED KINGDOMAnn McCall, Vice President, SKB, SWEDENCharles McCombie, Executive Director, ARIUS FOUNDATION, SWITZERlANDPierre Forbes, Director of Underground Research laboratory, ANDRA, FRANCESimon Webster, Head of Unit, EUROPEAN COMMISSION, BElGIUM

Programme Day Two Tuesday 10 November 2009

08:30 Registration

08:50 Opening remarks from the Chair lEARNING FROM THE PAST09:00 US CASE STUDY: lessons learnt from Yucca Mountain since the

1987 Nuclear Waste Policy ActYucca Mountain has been the proposed deep geologic repository site for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and HLW. Over the following two decades and with considerable investment, the Yucca Mountain project experienced numerous social, political, technical, managerial and regulatory events which have shaped recent decisions by the new administration to consider alternative directions. This candid presentation will review many of those events and provide potential lessons for other repository programmesA brief history of the Yucca Mountain Project ●

Significant social, political, technical, managerial, and ●

regulatory events and effects Lessons learnt to achieve a faster, cheaper and better ●

repository programmeComparisons with WIPP success: site selection is only the ●

beginningThe future landscape of the US repository programme: possible ●

alternatives for nuclear waste managementIf we could do it all over: stakeholder acceptance may not be ●

enoughReal challenges for the next generation of repository ●

programmesAndrew Orrell, Director of Nuclear Energy, SANDIA NATIONAl lABORATORIES, UNITED STATES

09:30 Yucca Mountain: US repository program status update and expectationsThe US Policy for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and HLW were established by law in 1982 with The Nuclear Waste Policy Act. Although subsequent laws have upheld and advanced Yucca Mountain as the repository site, the current Administration plans to form a Blue Ribbon Commission to re-examine US Nuclear Waste PolicyHistory of US waste management policy ●

Current status of the Yucca Mountain Project ●

Current Status of Yucca Mountain licence application review ●

Status of the Blue Ribbon Commission ●

Path forward and what is required to change course ●

Expectations: a look ahead ●

Eric Knox, Operations Manager, URS WASHINGTON DIVISION, UNITED STATES

10:00 Morning refreshments

NEW INNOVATIONS AND THE VAlUE OF RESEARCH10:30 FRANCE CASE STUDY: New developments from ANDRA’s

Underground Research laboratoryThe French Senate has approved a nuclear waste bill aimed at getting the construction of a deep geologic repository in full swing by 2015 and beginning repository operations in 2025. This presentation will inform delegates of progress to date with ANDRA and clarify current developments in the construction of the repository.The role of the Underground Research Laboratory and ●

underlining its importanceUpdating new developments and progress to date: working ●

towards 2015Demonstrating the feasibility and safety of the disposal ●

solution

PlANNING FOR THE FUTURE13:50 US CASE STUDY: The second opening of WIPP: licensing

the disposal of remote-handled transuranic waste The US Department of Energy’s Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in

Carlsbad, New Mexico began waste emplacement operations in 1999. In 2007 WIPP received licence authority to begin disposal of higher activity, remote-handled transuranic waste with surface dose rates of 2 to 100 mSv/h. The licensing of remote-handled waste at WIPP offers some valuable lessons for other repository developers related to how confidence in safety can be built throughout the licensing process.Waste form and source term challenges ●

Transportation risks and environmental justice ●

Operational safety case development ●

Roles played by independent peer reviewers ●

Host community involvement and integration into ●

decision-makingNegotiation of licence conditions with regulators and ●

stakeholdersSean White, Senior Project Manager, URS WASHINGTON DIVISION, UNTED STATES

14:20 Afternoon refreshments

14:50 Keynote presentation SWEDEN CASE STUDY: Successfully choosing a site and

the next steps to be taken. Sweden is currently at the forefront of deep geological disposal: in June a major milestone was achieved when the Forsmark site in Östhammer was selected for the construction of the final disposal facility in June 2009. The next step is to submit a licence application in 2010. Currently SKB plans to start construction of the repository in 2015 and operation of the new facilities is intended to begin by 2023.Achieving success to develop relationships with key ●

stakeholders and communities for the benefit of nuclear power in SwedenClarifying the reasons why the site was chosen and the ●

benefits of choosing this locationThe Added Value approach and the implications for the ●

municipalities not chosenOvercoming the challenges of preparing for a licence ●

applicationAnn McCall, Vice President, SKB IC, SWEDEN

15:20 Critical analysis of the status of the Swedish system for final disposal of HlW

The KBS-3 concept, developed by SKB is the solution based on the multiple barriers principle. Radioactive substances are contained within several protective barriers so that no deficiency in one barrier and no predictable geological or other change will endanger the isolationBrief description of the Swedish KBS system for final ●

disposal of spent nuclear fuelEnvironmental factors important for the siting of a mined ●

repository using man made barriers of copper and clayChallenges for long-term safety when using man made ●

barriers of copper and clayAnalysis of the possibility to ascertain the long-term safety ●

of the KBS methodA brief discussion of alternative methods for final disposal ●

of high-level nuclear wasteJohan Swahn, Director, MKG, SWEDEN

15:50 Closing remarks from the Chair and close of day one

Day One

Programme Day Two Tuesday 10 November 2009

Practical demonstration of technical elements ●

Predicting the performance of complex natural and engineered ●

systems for extended time periodsLooking into the future to ensure long-term safety of the disposal ●

Highlighting the plans for 2010 ●

Pierre Forbes, Director of Underground Research laboratory, ANDRA, FRANCE

11:00 Overview of the Euratom Framework Programme: Priorities and current statusOne of the European Commissions priority areas is geological disposal. This presentation will concentrate on the Euratom programme, the objectives of the research, including strategies and policies, and how it links with the national programmes and other EU policy areas such as energy.Analysing the support provided to Member States' programmes ●

in the area of research in geological disposal: highlights, achievements, the EU dimension and EU added valueBrief overview of recent and current major projects supported ●

by EuratomOverview of Euratom's support to research/studies in the ●

field of governance, the decision making process and public acceptance regarding radioactive waste management issuesThe future for European collaborative R&D in geological ●

disposal, in particular the development of so called "Technology Platforms"Links with other R&D priority areas and with EU policy, in ●

particular those related to energy in generalLatest EU policy and legislative initiatives affecting geological ●

disposal, in particular the area of nuclear safetySimon Webster, Head of Unit, EUROPEAN COMMISSION, BElGIUM

11:30 FINlAND CASE STUDY: Challenges for licensing a high-level nuclear waste repository in FinlandAn underground rock characterisation facility, ONKALA, is being constructed in the bedrock at Olkiluoto, which has been chosen as the site of a spent fuel repository in Finland. The plan is that ONKALA should later become a part of the actual repository. However, the construction of the repository can only begin once the Government has granted a separate construction government licence for the implementer. For the operation of the facility, another licence is required before nuclear waste can be taken to the repository. Balancing the options, constraints and requirements in the ●

design of a repositoryManaging the licensing process ●

Setting the priorities right for the pre-licensing research and ●

technical development (RTD) programme Managing the resources for smooth progress ●

Juhani Vira, Research Director, POSIVA, FINlAND

12:00 Lunch

COPING WITH DIFFERENT GEOlOGICAl SITUATIONS13:20 Geological settings for the disposal of radioactive waste: What

does the UK offer?The UK has a long geological history and as a result is varied geologically. This means that there are several different geological situations in the UK that would provide suitable environments for radioactive waste disposal.What does geology need to do? ●

Key geological factors that make rocks suitable for hosting a ●

deep geological disposal facilityFavourable geological situations in the UK context ●

Unsuitable geological situations ●

Examples of available deep geological data ●

Richard Shaw, Project leader, BRITISH GEOlOGICAl SURVEY, UNITED KINGDOM

13:50 CZECH REPUBlIC CASE STUDY: Main research and engineering works aimed at the geological repository development: Czech approach and experienceRAWRA’s mission is to ensure the safe disposal of existing and future radioactive waste in the Czech Republic. According to the Atomic Law RAWRA is responsible for the co-ordination of the R&D in this area. This support is provided in two main directions: gaining data for the development of a geological repository and as a generic research solving the management of HLW and SNF in a broader sense.Possible approach to the support of the research activities ●

in limited conditions of the state organisationOverview of previous and current projects supported by ●

RAWRA: near field, far field and designHow to harmonise results from R&D with site selection needs? ●

How to organise data and information acquired for decision ●

making process?Geological background, conflict of interest and siting ●

Jitka Miksova, Technical Development Project Manager, RAWRA, CZECH REPUBlIC

14:20 Afternoon refreshments

14:50 JAPAN CASE STUDY: Managing long-term implementation of HlW disposal in JapanImplementation of a deep geological repository will run over a period of about a century, from first planning until closure. Over such a long period, project boundary conditions will change significantly, requiring a fine balance between the needs to provide focus and to keep flexible. Establishment of clear project goals and responsibilities ●

for all involved organisationsDevelopment of a stepwise implementation plan, with ●

efforts being made to involve all key stakeholdersImplementation of the “NUMO structured approach”, ●

which provides a mechanism for continual iteration of the site characterisation, repository design and safety assessment plans to maintain optimisation as project constraints evolveUse of a formal requirements management system to ●

ensure that changing boundary conditions are assessed, and documented, in a comprehensive mannerMaintaining a culture of openness, accepting that ●

such a project will need trade offs between conflicting requirements and, in many cases, stakeholder groupsKazumi Kitayami, Senior Technical Adviser, NUMO, JAPAN

15:20 GERMAN CASE STUDY: Challenges in site selection for a HlW repositoryHLW disposal: a national problem that requires a local ●

solutionSignificant political, technical and societal boundary ●

conditionsApproach to site selection for a HLW repository ●

Safety requirements on HLW disposal in geological ●

formationsInvestigations into conceptual and safety-related issues ●

Development of safety-related tools for comparing potential ●

repository sitesParticipation and engagement of the public and of ●

stakeholdersDr. Peter Brennecke, BFS, GERMANY

15:50 Closing remarks from the Chair and close of day two

Day Two

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URS Corporation is a leading provider of engineering, construction and technical services around the world. Headquartered in San Francisco, the company operates in 34

countries with approximately 47,000 employees providing services to federal, state and local governmental agencies as well as private clients in the Energy, Industrial and Infrastructure sectors. (urscorp.com). The Washington Division of URS Corp has particular expertise in environmental management and operation of nuclear facilities on behalf of the United States government and is the market leader in nuclear waste management, disposal and clean-up. It has the best overall safety record in the US nuclear industry and since 1999 has brought this track record and capability to nuclear waste programmes in the UK. Washington Division leads the two consortia: UK Nuclear Waste Management Ltd, and Nuclear Management Partners Ltd which were successful in winning the management and operations contracts with the UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority for the Low Level Waste Repository and Sellafield Sites respectively.

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2nd Bi-Annual Nuclear Waste Conference, Monday 9 andTuesday 10 November 2009, London, UK

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