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Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids and Protein and Protein Synthesis Synthesis Cell Growth and Cell Growth and Division Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Genetic Genetics Genetics

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Page 1: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

Nucleic Acids and Nucleic Acids and Protein SynthesisProtein SynthesisCell Growth and Cell Growth and DivisionDivisionHeredityHeredityGenetic Genetic EngineeringEngineering

GeneticsGenetics

Page 2: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

Nucleic Acids and Nucleic Acids and Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis

Page 3: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

DNADNA

Nucleic acid that stores Nucleic acid that stores and transmits the and transmits the genetic information genetic information from one generation of from one generation of an organism to the an organism to the next.next.

Page 4: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

Nucleic Acid: large, Nucleic Acid: large, complex organic complex organic molecule that stores molecule that stores genetic information in genetic information in nucleotidesnucleotides

Page 5: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

NucleotidesNucleotides

5 Carbon sugar, 5 Carbon sugar, deoxyribosedeoxyribose

Phosphate groupPhosphate groupNitrogenous baseNitrogenous base

Page 6: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

4 Nitrogenous bases4 Nitrogenous bases2 Purines2 Purines

–AdenineAdenine–GuanineGuanine

2 Pyrimidines2 Pyrimidines–ThymineThymine–CytosineCytosine

Page 7: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

ReplicationReplication

1.1. DNA DNA molecule is molecule is unzippedunzipped

2.2. 2 separate 2 separate strands are strands are availableavailable

Page 8: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

3.3. The separated strands The separated strands serve as a mold, for a serve as a mold, for a new strandnew strand

4.4. Complementary Complementary nucleotides attach to nucleotides attach to the moldthe mold

Page 9: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

Adenine and Thymine Adenine and Thymine are complimentaryare complimentary

Guanine and Cytosine Guanine and Cytosine are complimentaryare complimentary

Page 10: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

RNARNA

Sugar: riboseSugar: riboseSingle strandedSingle strandedUracil in place of Uracil in place of ThymineThymine

Page 11: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

TranscriptionTranscription

The DNA code is first The DNA code is first transferred into transferred into mRNAmRNA–mRNA is the first copy mRNA is the first copy made of the moldmade of the mold

Page 12: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

mRNA carries the mRNA carries the information out of the information out of the nucleus and into the nucleus and into the cytoplasm.cytoplasm.

Page 13: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

mRNA attaches to the mRNA attaches to the ribosomesribosomes

tRNA collect amino tRNA collect amino acids and carry them acids and carry them to the mRNAto the mRNA

TranslationTranslation

Page 14: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

The anticodons of tRNA The anticodons of tRNA attach to the attach to the appropriate codons of appropriate codons of mRNA.mRNA.

The amino acids are The amino acids are forming new specific forming new specific proteinsproteins

Page 15: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

The new proteins are The new proteins are now organized to now organized to provide new strands provide new strands of DNAof DNA

EXACT COPIES!EXACT COPIES!

Page 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

Example Example ATGATGTACTACACTACT

–UGAUGA–ACTACT

CTACTAGATGATTGATGA

–ACUACU–TGATGA

Page 17: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

PracticePractice

AGTAGTTCATCAATGATGGTAGTA

CTGCTGGATGATCGTCGTACGACG

Page 18: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

QUIZQUIZ

Complimentary DNAComplimentary DNA

1.1. AGTAGT

2.2. CTGCTG

3.3. ACTACT

4.4. TGATGA

Page 19: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

Complimentary RNA and Complimentary RNA and DNA?DNA?

1.1. AGTAGT

2.2. CTACTA

3.3. GATGAT

4.4. CGTCGT

Page 20: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

1.1. TCATCA

2.2. GACGAC

3.3. TGATGA

4.4. ACTACT

AnswersAnswers

Page 21: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

1.1. UCA UCA AGT AGT

2.2. GAU GAU CTA CTA

3.3. CUA CUA GAT GAT

4.4. GCA GCA CGT CGT

AnswersAnswers

Page 22: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

LABLAB

1 G A C A A G T C C A C A A T C2 C U G U U C A G G U G U U A G

Page 23: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

3.3. leucine-phenylalanine- leucine-phenylalanine-arginine-cysteine-stoparginine-cysteine-stop

4.4. aspartic acid-cysteine- aspartic acid-cysteine-glycine-leucine-valineglycine-leucine-valine

Page 24: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering

Extra practice:Extra practice:C T G A C C G G A T T AC T G A C C G G A T T AG A CG A C U G G U G G C C UC C U A A U A A UAspartic Acid-Aspartic Acid-Tryptophan- Proline- Tryptophan- Proline- AsparagineAsparagine

STOP- Serine- Glycine- STOP- Serine- Glycine- Glutamine Glutamine


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