nuevas tecnologías para el...
TRANSCRIPT
Nuevas Tecnologías para el Transporte
AMEDES-UNAM24 Noviembre 2006
Contenido1. Antecedentes2. Vehículos con tecnologías
actuales3. Vehículos con tecnologías
Nuevas4. Retos y Oportunidades para
México
Antecedentes
The World’s Automotive Industry• The world’s automotive industry made over sixty million cars, vans,
trucks and buses in 2003. These vehicles are essential to the workingof the global economy and to the wellbeing of the world’s citizens
• This level of output is equivalent to a global turnover of €1.6 trillion. Ifvehicle manufacturing were a country it would be the sixth largesteconomy in the world.
• Building sixty million vehicles requires the employment of nearly eightmillion people directly in making the vehicles and the parts that gointo them. This is over five per cent of the world’s total manufacturingemployment.
• In addition to these direct employees, many times more are employedindirectly in related manufacturing and service provision.
• The automobile industry is also a major innovator, investing over €66billion in research, development and production.
• The auto industry plays a key role in the technology level of otherindustries and of society.
• Vehicle manufacture and use are also major contributors togovernment revenues around the world, contributing over €400 billionin twenty-six countries alone.
www.oica.net
Producción y Consumo de Petróleo USA
Society Priority Goals• Environment
– Global Warming, CO2 Reduction– Conservation of resources– Health– Recycling & waste
• Safety– Accident Prevention
• Choice– Vehicle Design & Price
• Mobility– Infrastructure Development
• Security– Vehicle & Passenger / Vehicle use in terrorism acts
• Economy– Cost of Ownwership– Manufacturing cost reduction
Key Technology Areas
• Engine & Powertrain• Hybrid, Electric and Alternatively Fuel
Vehicles• Advanced Software, Sensors, Electronics
& Telematics• Advanced Structures and Materials• Design & Manufacturing Processes• Infraestructure• Services
CONVERGENCE
Vehículos Tecnologías Actuales
Toyota
Vehículos Tecnologías Nuevas
Tomorrow's car needs a new industry
The car of the future, powered by hydrogen and loaded with telematics and drive-by-wire componentry, will use so many new, non-automotive technologies that it will have to be built by an entirely new auto industry.
Automakers will have to retool factories and supply chains to build vehicles without engines, transmissions, axles, radiators, exhaust systems, hydraulics and hundreds of other parts no automaker can do without today.
And many traditional suppliers who make those parts probably won't survive the transition away from the internal combustion engine.
Today's industry as structured couldn't handle the job
AUTOnomyconcept vehicle
What is a fuel cell?
• A fuel cell is a device that converts thechemical energy of a fuel (hydrogen,natural gas, methanol, gasoline, etc.) andan oxidant (air or oxygen) into electricity.In principle, a fuel cell operates like abattery. Unlike a battery however, a fuelcell does not run down or requirerecharging. It will produce electricity andheat as long as fuel and an oxidizer aresupplied.
Types of Fuel Cells
• Fuel cells are classified by their electrolyte material. Atthe present time, there are several types of fuel cells thatare being developed for applications as small as acellular phone (0.5 Watts) to as large as a small powerplant for an industrial facility or a small town (10Megawatts).
• Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC)• Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC)• Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)• Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)• Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)• Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)• Regenerative Fuel Cells (RFC)• Zinc-Air Fuel Cell (ZAFC)
Alternative-Fuel Vehicle Program NYSERDA provides financial assistance and technical information to encourage fleets to purchase alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVs) and install fueling infrastructures or charging
stations. Vehicles powered by natural gas, propane, and electricity, including certain hybrid-electric vehicles, are eligible under most of the programs NYSERDA offers. Incentives are also
available to encourage the use of bio-fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel.
Technology Validation addresses the following key challenges to pave the way forcommercialization of fuel cell and hydrogen infrastructure technologies:
Fuel Cell Cost and Durability. Statistical data for fuel cell vehicles that are operatedunder controlled, real-world conditions is very limited and often proprietary. Vehicledrivability, operation, and survivability in extreme climates, and emissions (hydrogenICE) have not yet been proven. Development and testing of complete integrated fuel cellpower systems is required to benchmark and validate for optimal componentdevelopment. The new hydrogen cost goal of $2.00-3.00/gge (delivered, untaxed,2005$, by 2015) is independent of the pathway used to produce and deliverhydrogen. In addition, the new methodology accounts for the energy efficiency ofthe gasoline hybrid vehicle and the fuel cell vehicle on a cost-per-mile basis.
Hydrogen Storage. Statistical cost, durability, fast-fill, discharge performance, andstructural integrity data of hydrogen storage systems will be needed to proceed withtechnology commercialization. Current technology does not provide reasonable cost andvolume for transportation or stationary applications. An understanding of composite tankoperating cycle life and failure due to accident or neglect is lacking. Cycle life of hydridestorage systems need to be evaluated in real-world circumstances.The ability to carry enough hydrogen on-board a vehicle to enable a driving rangeof greater than 300 miles
Challenges
ChallengesHydrogen Production and Delivery. The high cost of hydrogen production, lowavailability of the hydrogen production systems, and the challenge of providing safeproduction and delivery systems are early penetration barriers. There are few data onthe cost, efficiencies, and availabilities of integrated coal-to-hydrogen/power plants withsequestration options. Data on the high-temperature production of hydrogen fromnuclear power are limited. Likewise, there is little operational, durability, and efficiencyinformation for renewable hydrogen production systems. Hydrogen delivery optionsneed to be determined and assessed as part of system demonstrations for everypotential production technology. Validation of integrated systems is required to optimizecomponent development.
Public Acceptance. The hydrogen economy will be a revolutionary change from theworld we know today. Education of the general public, training personnel in the handlingand maintenance of hydrogen system components, adoption of codes and standards,and development of certified procedures and training manuals for fuel cells and safetywill foster hydrogen's acceptance as a fuel.
http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/analysis/cost.html
Convergence
Modelos InternacionalesPrograma FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership de
Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y
The FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership is an Industry/Governmentresearch initiative focused on collaborative, pre-competitive, high-riskresearch to develop the component technologies necessary to provide a fullrange of affordable cars and light trucks, and the fuel infrastructure tosupport them, that will free the nation's personal transportation system frompetroleum dependence and from harmful vehicle emissions, withoutsacrificing freedom of mobility and freedom of vehicle choice.http://www.uscar.org/freedomcar/
AUTO21 de CanadáAUTO21 was formed to focus Canadian research expertise on the task ofimproving and enhancing the global competitiveness of the Canadianautomotive industry. The Network currently supports over 230 topresearchers working at more than 38 academic institutions, governmentresearch facilities and private sector research labs across Canada andaround the world. http://www.auto21.ca/home_e.html
Foresight Vehicle, now administered by SMMT, is the UK's primeknowledge transfer network for the automotive industry.
The Foresight Vehicle programme has generated over 100 individualprojects, which have delivered a wide range of advances inmanufacturing processes and product concepts. Thesebreakthroughs are destined to shape tomorrow’s vehicles as wellas influence technological trends in transport systems and roadnetworks of the future. http://www.foresightvehicle.org.uk/
Hong Kong Productivity Council HKPC - China
HKPC's mission is to promote productivity excellence through theprovision of integrated support across the value chain of HongKong firms, in order to achieve a more effective utilization ofresources, to enhance the value-added content of products andservices, and to increase international competitiveness.http://www.hkpc.org
Modelos Internacionales
TribridsThe third generation in alternative fuel power!
• California Tribrid is a co-operative designed to combine research inrenewable energy powered vehicles between developers in theforefront of this technology in California and Western Australia.Hybrids carry two sources of on-board energy. The primary energysource is most often some sort of liquid fuel (e.g., gasoline) that willin time be converted into mechanical power via an engine of somesort. This mechanical power will then be harnessed, via a “drivetrain” (transmission, drive shaft and/or differential) that ultimatelyserves to turn the wheels and thus move the vehicle - even ifsomewhat inefficiently.
• Tribrids work in much the same way as hybrids, except thatsome form of the stored or generated energy either has been,or is being taken, from the ambient environment. A free-energycapturing device such as a solar panel, windmill or sailprovides the tribrid vehicle with a source of power that, if leftun-captured, is otherwise simply lost to the atmosphere.
http://www.tribrids.com/
Retos y Oportunidades para México
Retos y Oportunidades para México
• ¿Desarrollar Gente?• ¿Áreas tecnológicas a desarrollar?• ¿Vincular / Articular: Industria-Gobierno-
Academia, Nacional e Internacionalmente?• ¿Destinar Recursos?• ¿Desarrollar infraestructura?• ¿Desarrollar visión transporte?• ¿Convergencia?
• Líneas Estratégicas– Integración de la cadena productiva.– Educación y Tecnología.– Reglas del juego equitativas (Competencia
desleal, contrabando, piratería, seguridad jurídica, dumping, etc.)
– Creación de Infraestructura Automotriz (Energética, Carretera, Ferroviaria, aduanera, etc.)
– Sinergias con otras instituciones
Industria Nacional Autopartes .
Industria Nacional Autopartes .
• Consejo Nacional de Articulación Productiva yDesarrollo Tecnológico de la Industria Automotriz enMéxico– Consorcio Tecnológico– Articulación Productiva– Información Investigación y Procesos Productivos
Taller de Mapas Tecnológicos Prospectiva Tecnológica Global para potenciales áreas
de desarrollo en México 20 Empresas proveedoras tier 2 & 3 en desarrollo
www.electratón.com
12 Campeonatos anuales
www.electratón.com
12 Campeonatos anuales
UDLA 1ero. / ITESM CEM 2do. Lugar
Ejemplo Convergencia
