number of ways. thesomersetcentral.enschool.org/ourpages/auto/2020/8/5...aug 05, 2020 · lesson 70...
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Lesson 70 Fundamental Counting Principle, Permutations & Combinations.notebook
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March 11, 2015
Fundamental Counting Principle,
Permutations
and
Combinations
where the
1st event(choice), can occur number of ways.
Given a sequence of n exclusive events(choices) :
The 3rd event(choice) can occur
number of ways.This process is
repeated up to the nth event(choice)
that can occur number of ways.
The Fundamental Counting Principle states that the total possible outcomes
The 2nd event(choice), can occur number of ways.
is the product of the number of wayseach event(choice) can occur :
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Lesson 70 Fundamental Counting Principle, Permutations & Combinations.notebook
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Example 1
SOLUTION
A restaurant offers 10 appetizers and
15 main courses. In how many ways
can you order a twocourse meal?
150 two – course meal
Example 2
SOLUTION
A restaurant offers 10 appetizers,
15 main courses, and 6 desserts.
In how many ways can you order
a threecourse meal?
900 three – course meal
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Example 3
SOLUTION
60 onetopping pizzas
A pizza can be ordered with four
choices of size (small, medium, large
or extra large),three choices of crust
(thin, deepdish or regular), and five
choices of meat toppings (beef, sausage,
pepperoni, bacon or chicken). How many
onetopping pizzas can be ordered?
You have to create a 6 digit password
for your student login. The only valid
values for each digit are the numbers
0 – 9. If numbers are allowed to be
REPEATED, how many different 6
digit passwords are there?
Example 4
SOLUTION
Digit 1 Digit 2 Digit 3 Digit 4 Digit 5 Digit 6
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Digit 1 Digit 2 Digit 3 Digit 4 Digit 5 Digit 6
10 10 10 10 10 10
1,000,000 different 6
digit passwords.
You have to create a 6 digit alpha–
numeric password for your student login.
The only valid values for each digit are the
numbers 0 – 9 and the letters A – Z. If
digits are allowed to be REPEATED,
how many different 6digit alpha–numeric
passwords are there?
Example 5
SOLUTION
Digit 1 Digit 2 Digit 3 Digit 4 Digit 5 Digit 6
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Digit 1 Digit 2 Digit 3 Digit 4 Digit 5 Digit 6
36 36 36 36 36 36
36 36 36 36 36 36
2,176,782,336 different
6 digit passwords.
You have to create a 6 digit password
for your student login. The only valid
values for each digit are the numbers
0 – 9. If numbers are NOT allowed to
be REPEATED, how many different 6
digit passwords are there?
Example 6
SOLUTION
Digit 1 Digit 2 Digit 3 Digit 4 Digit 5 Digit 6
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Lesson 70 Fundamental Counting Principle, Permutations & Combinations.notebook
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Digit 1 Digit 2 Digit 3 Digit 4 Digit 5 Digit 6
10 9 8 7 6 5
151,200 different
6 digit passwords.
10 9 8 7 6 5
You have to create a 6 digit alpha–
numeric password for your student login.
The only valid values for each digit are the
numbers 0 – 9 and the letters A – Z. If
digits are NOT allowed to be REPEATED,
how many different 6digit alpha–numeric
passwords are there?
Example 7
SOLUTION
Digit 1 Digit 2 Digit 3 Digit 4 Digit 5 Digit 6
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Lesson 70 Fundamental Counting Principle, Permutations & Combinations.notebook
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Digit 1 Digit 2 Digit 3 Digit 4 Digit 5 Digit 6
36 35 34 33 32 31
36 35 34 33 33 32
1,402,410,240 different
6 digit passwords.
PERMUTATIONS
An arrangement of n distinct
objects in a SPECIFIC order.
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Given the letters A, B, and C,
in how many different ways can
these 3 letters be arranged ?
Example 8
SOLUTION
ABC
ACB
BAC
BCA
CAB
CBA
There are still only 3 letters to
choose from, but the 3 letters can
be arranged 6 different orders.
When the ORDER of the objects makes
a difference then we are talking about
PERMUTATIONS.
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Example 9
SOLUTION
In a race with eight runners, the top
three finishers win a medal (Gold,
Silver and Bronze for first, second
and third places, respectively). In how
many ways can the medals for this race
be awarded?
The ORDER you finish the race
determines whether you a medal
and if you win a medal what type.
Because the ORDER of the runners
matters this problem is an example
of a PERMUTATION.
The number of possible
PERMUTATIONS of n total objects
when r objects chosen at a time :
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n = 8 (total number of racers)
r = 3 (number of medal winners)
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Example 10
SOLUTION
There are 4 different offices that a
member can be elected too.
The math club has 20 members
how many ways can a president, vice
president secretary, and treasurer be
elected assuming that the same person
cannot hold more than one office.
The question that needs to be asked
does the ORDER matter.
Suppose I give you ONLY the names
of the 4 members in the math club
that won an office. Can you
tell me what office they hold?
Because what office a person wins
changes the number of outcomes this
means that ORDER matters. Whenever
ORDER matters we are answering a
PERMUTATION problem.
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COMBINATIONS
An selection of n distinct
objects WITHOUT regard
to a SPECIFIC order.
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Example 11
SOLUTION
In how many ways can John select
three friends to go to the fair with
if he has 11 friends to choose from?
The ORDER that John selects
who goes to the fair with him does
not matter. It only matters that you
got picked to go.
The number of possible
COMBINATIONS of n total objects
when r objects chosen at a time :
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Example 12
SOLUTION
The ORDER of the flavor the scoops
are placed on the cone does not
change what 4 flavors your ordered.
Tony went to Baskin and Robbins to
order a 4scoop ice cream cone. There
are 31 flavors to choose from, and
assuming that NO flavor can be chosen
twice. How many different type of
4scoop ice cream cones are there?
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Example 13
SOLUTIONThe ORDER that team play each
other does not matter. It only matters
that each team plays every other team
in the conference exactly once.
In a conference of 9 schools, how
many intraconference football games
are played during the season if the
teams all play each other exactly once?
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