nupd 400 chapter 8 assessment techniques
TRANSCRIPT
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Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Canada, a division of Reed Elsevier Canada, Ltd.
Chapter 8
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
Inspection◦ Do not rush◦ Compare patient’s right side with left side◦ Use good lighting◦ Obtain adequate exposure (of the patient)◦ Will include instruments in many body systems Otoscope/ophthalmoscope Specula: vaginal, nasal Penlight
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
Palpation◦ Purpose◦ Use different parts of the hands◦ Light vs. deep palpation
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Texture
Temperature
Moisture
Organ location and size
Swelling
Vibration or pulsation
Rigidity or spasticity
Crepitation
Presence of lumps or masses
Presence of tenderness or pain
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
Fingertips—best for fine tactile discrimination, as of skin texture, swelling, pulsation, and determining presence of lumps
A grasping action of the fingers and thumb—to detect the position, shape, and consistency of an organ or mass
The dorsa (backs) of hands and fingers—best for determining temperature because the skin here is thinner than on the palms
Base of fingers (metacarpophalangeal joints) or ulnar surface of the hand—best for vibration Slide 8-5
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
Percussion◦ Purpose◦ Indirect percussion Stationary hand Striking hand ◦ Characteristics of percussion notes Resonant Hyperresonant Tympany Dull Flat Slide 8-6
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
Auscultation◦ Fit and quality of
stethoscope◦ Diaphragm and bell
endpieces ◦ Eliminate confusing
artifacts
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
Examination room Examination table
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
Platform scale with height attachment Skinfold calipers Sphygmomanometer Stethoscope with diaphragm and bell Thermometer Pulse oximeter (in hospital setting) Flashlight or penlight Otoscope/ophthalmoscope Tuning fork Nasal speculum Tongue depressor
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
Pocket vision screener Skin-marking pen Flexible tape measure and ruler Reflex hammer Sharp object (split tongue blade) Cotton balls Bivalve vaginal speculum Clean gloves Materials for cytological study Lubricant Fecal occult blood test materials
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
Clean the equipment Clean vs. used area for handling equipment Nosocomial infections Handwashing or alcohol-based hand rub Wear gloves Standard precautions Transmission-based precautions
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
General approach◦ Patient’s emotional state◦ Examiner’s emotional state
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
Hands on ◦ Measurement and vital signs◦ Begin with person’s hands◦ Concentrate on one step at a time◦ Examination sequence◦ Brief health teaching ◦ When findings are complicated◦ Summarize findings for person
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
A. They are easy to reach from any position.B. They reveal a great deal about the patient.C. They will always be clean and dry.D. They are a place people are accustomed
to being touched by strangers.
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Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingChapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
A. TemperatureB. ResilienceC. DensityD. Crepitation
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