1. Nurlen 1288203088

A phoneme is a basic unit of

a language's phonology, which is combined

with other phonemes to form meaningful units

such as words or morphemes.

1. Segmental

It is phonology that deals with the analysis of speech into phonemes which correspond fairly well to phonetic segments of the analyzed speech. Consist of consonant and vowel.

The Segmental Sounds of English consist of:

a) The English Consonant

The English consonants are twenty-four in number. The word consonant is phonemic. Of

courses the word consonant here does not refer to the consonant found in the English

alphabet, but rather to the consonants as they sound orally. The example of consonants

are:

/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, /f/, /v/,/θ, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /∫/, /з/,/t∫/, /dз/, /h/, /m/, /n/, /η/,/l/, /r/, /w/, /j/.

b) The English Consonant described

It is a list of the English consonant phonemes and their

major allophones. The allophones are describes

phonetically.

c) Consonant Clusters

It is a combination of two or more consonant. Such

clusters may occur in initial, medial, or final positions.

d) The English Vowel

The English vowels are fourteen in number. In addition to

these vowels, there are glides and diphthongs, which are

really combinations vowels. The examples of vowels are:

i/, /i:/, /ei/, /æ/, /ə/, /۸/, /з/, /a/, /u:/, /u/, /əu/, /α/, /כ/.

e) The English Vowel Described

It is a list of the English vowel phonemes. They are described phonetically, and their distribution is given with example: phoneme / e / , allophone [ e ] description mid open front unrounded. It occurs only initially and medially. / end / [end] ‘end’ ; / send / [send] ‘send’.

f) Length in English Consonants and Vowels

Means the time it takes to produce a sound. This does not mean the speed at which a person speaks. It means, rather, the relative length of time in which each separate sound is produced, as compared with a longer or shorter time in which the same sound or other sounds may be produced in the stream of speech.

2. Supra – SegmentalIt is a vocal effect that extends over more than one sound segment in an utterance, such

as pitch, stress, or juncture, pattern. In supra-segmental consist of:

In the alphabet we have five letters that are called

vowels ′𝜕’ , ‘e’ , ‘i’ , ‘o’ , ‘u’ . If we choose the right

context we can show how substituting one letter for

another will change meaning .Thus with a letter ‘p’

before and a letter ‘t’ after the vowel letter ,we get the

five words spelt ‘pat’ , ‘pet’ , ‘pit’ ,’pot’ , ‘put’ .each of

which a different meaning .if we look at the short vowels

I ,e,æ,۸,ɒ,ʊ .

Symbol and transcription