nursing fundamentals.drjma
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DR. JAMES M. ALO, RN, MAN, MAP, PhD.
NURSING FUNDAMENTALS
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• Is the act of utilizing the environment of the px to assist his recovery.Nightingale(186
0)
• Is the dx & tx of human responses to actual or potential health problems
ANA (1980)
What is nursing?
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ROLES of the professional nurse1.Care
provider/rehabilitator
2. Comforter/counselor
3. Communicator
4. Educator/Teacher
5. Protector/ Client advocator
6. Manager7. Researcher
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STANDARDS of nsg practice1. Quality of care 2. Performance appraisal3. Education4. Collegiality
5. Ethics6. Collaboration7. Research8. Resource utiization
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Theorist Theory/Framework
Nightingale (1860)
Manipulating the px environment
Peplau (1952) Interpersonal processes4 overlapping phases: Orientation, Identificatin, Exploitation/explanation, Resolution
Henderson (1955)
14 basic needs: breath, eath/drink, eliminate, posture, sleep, dress, temperature, hygiene, communicate,, worship, work, play, learn & avoid dangeer.
Abdellah (1960)
Nursing is caring, intelligent, competent, & technically well-prepared serviceIdentified 21 specific cliet needs/nsg problems.
Orlando (1961) Nursing is interacting w/ client to meet immediate needs
THEORIES
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Hall (1962) Coined the term “nursing process”Nsg center on 3 components: CARE, CORE, & CURE
Levine (1966)
4 conservation principles: Conserve client energy, structural, personal, & social integrity
Johnson (1968)
Behavior system model: 7 Basic Needs; security, nurturance, nourishment, elimination, achievement, self-protection, sex.
Rogers (1970)
Science of Unitary Human Beings
Orem (1971) Self Care & Self Care Deficit Theory
King (1971) Goal Attainment Theory: 3 Dynamic interacting systems; personal, iinterpersonal, social
Neuman (1972)
Health Care system Model: goal of nsg is to assist client in stress(intra, inter, extra-personal) reduction via primary, secondary, tertiary levels of prevention
Patterson & Zderad (1976)
Humanistic Nsg Practice: requires participants to be aware of their “uniqueness” & @ the same time “commonality” w/ eaxh other. The essential characteristic is nurturance.
Leininger (1978)
Transcultural Nsg Model: values, beliefs, & practices
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Roy (1979) Adaptation Model: client as an adaptive system
Watson (1979)
Human Caring Model: transpersonal & humanistic
Parse (1981) Theory of Human Becoming: clients are open, mutual, & in constant interxn w/ environ.
Erickson (1983)
Modeling & Role-Modeling Theory: Nurses act a role model in nurturance
Benner (1989)
Caring is central in nsg, creating possibilities for coping & connecting w/ others.
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Ethics Study of good conduct, character & motives, determining the rightnes / wrongnes of an act
Morals Ones own personal beliefs, opinions, & attitudes that guide’s ones action.
Values Personal belief about the worth of a given idea,, attitude, appraisal of what is good.
Autonomy Independence or seld-governance
Beneficence Promoting good to others
Malefi cence Harm or hurt
Nonmaleficence Avoidance of harm
Confidentiality Repect for clients’ privacy
Fidelity Agreement to keep promises
Distributive justice
Allocation of goods/services accdg to: equality, need, merit
Principle of double effect
Promoting good but involving some expected unavoidable harm.
ETHICAL CONCEPTS that apply to nsg practice
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Safeguards the clients right to
privacySafeguard the cient & the public
Assumes responsibility &
acountability
Maintains competence
Exercises informed judgment
Provides services w/ respect
Contribute to ongoing
development
Imporve standards of nsg.
Maintain conditiond of employment
Protect the public from misinformation
Collaborates w/ members of the
health team
11 Code of ethics for nurses
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LEGAL CONCEPTS
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Examples of Crime vs. Tort
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Other Torts: Negligence/ Malpractice
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NURSES RIGHTS
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NURSES LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES
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HEALTH, WELLNESS, & ILLNESS
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Models of Health
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4 Attributes of Human Being
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HEALTH PROMOTION
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3 Levels of Illness Prevention
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THE NURSING PROCESS
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Anything written/printed relied on as a record of proof.
Purposes:Communication,assessment & auditing of care,legal documentation, financial billing, educ of students, statistic & research.
DOCUMENTATION
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Legal guidelines when recording
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Types of Records
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HEALTH ASSESSMENT
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TemperatureVITAL SIGNS
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BLOOD PRESSURE
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PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
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MODES OF EXAMINATION
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OTHER things to remember during PE
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PX POSITIONS & DRAPINGS
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POSITIONING
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PHARMACOLOGY
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PRINCIPLES in DRUG ADMINISTRATION
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ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
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PARENTERAL MEDS(by needle/injection)
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PARENTERAL INJECTIONS
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FIGURE
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MEDS COMPUTATIONS
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CALCULATIONS
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Thank you.-Dr. J.M. Alo