nursing home law_v4
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Introduction to the Law
Focus on Nursing Home Law
Neal R. Axton, Information Resources
Summer, 2010
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Finding “The Law”
Primary Sources are “The Law”
Secondary Sources explain “The Law”
Secondary Sourcesalso known as
Legal Commentary
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Three Branches of Government
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
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Federalism
National
State
County
City City
State
CountyCounty
CityCity
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Types & Sources of Primary Law
• Constitutions• Statutes from Congress &
Legislature• Common Law / Case Law created
by Courts• Regulations from Administrative
Agencies
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Thinking Like a Lawyer
• Jurisdiction– International–Federal–Tribal–State–County–Local
• Criminal vs. Civil• Legal vs. Equitable – Equitable remedies include
injunctions & constructive trusts
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Starting your Search
• Research Plan– Where to Look•Resources: Print & Online•Legal vs. Non-Legal
• Determine jurisdiction & overlap• Multiple Branches of Government• Research Log– Searches– Results– Dead Ends
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Legal Dictionaries
• Explains legal phrases
• Law sometimes uses Latin, French & even Old English phrases
• Black’s Law Dictionary
• Ballentine’s Legal Dictionary
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Legal Encyclopedias
• Corpus Juris Secundum
• American Jurisprudence
• Dunnell Minnesota Digest
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Legal ToolsCongress
Legislation &Statutes
Executive (President)
Veto & Signing Statements
Executive (Agencies)
Regulation &Enforcement
Judiciary
Interpretation &Gap Filling
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Statutes
• Laws as enacted by Congress or Legislature
• Published:Slip Laws – individual laws
• Session Laws & Statutes at Large – chronological arrangement
• Codes – subject arrangement
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Memes & Memory
• Popular Names– USA PATRIOT Act–CAN SPAM Act
– Clean Water Act– Superfund
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Superfund• Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA)
• Public Law 96-510– 510th law passed by 96th Congress– Passed as House Resolution 96-773 & Senate Bill 1480
• 94 Stat. 2767 – Volume 94, Statutes at Large, page 2767
• Codified at Title 42 United States Code section 9601 et seq.
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http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/topn/
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Statutes – Federal & State
National
State
County
City City
State
CountyCounty
CityCity
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Laws from the Legislature
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Statutes arranged by Chapters
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Chapters 144-46
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Chapter 144A
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Chapter 144G
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Cyclical Nature of LawCongress
Delegate Power to Agency
Executive (President)
Executive Orders
Executive (Agencies)
Implement Congress’ Vision
Judiciary
Ensure Agencies do not exceed
authority
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Executive Branch DocumentationCongress
Legislation &Codification
Executive (President)
Executive Orders
Executive (Agencies)
Rule-Making
Judiciary
Injunctions& Invalidation
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Federal & State Register• Newspaper of the Government• 5 days per week• Print and Online• Preamble and Regulation (aka Rule)– Link to Website becoming Common
• Regulatory History and Intent• Proposed Rule• 60 days to comment• Final Rule
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Informal Rule-making Process•Proposed Rule
•Comment Period
•Final Rule
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Subject Arrangement: Codification
• Final Rules = Power of Law
• Notice to Industry, Citizens, Counsel
• Minnesota Compilation of Final Rules–Minnesota Rules
• Federal Compilation of Final Rules–Code of Federal Regulations
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Minnesota Rules
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Regulations – Federal & State
National
State
County
City City
State
CountyCounty
CityCity
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Free and Current!
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Regulatory Agenda
• What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six months• What regulations need updated• Notice • Fair Warning to Counsel
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Federal Regulatory Agenda
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Executive Branch DocumentationCongress
Legislation &Codification
Executive (President)
Executive Orders
Executive (Agencies)
Rule-Making
Judiciary
Injunctions& Invalidation
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Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations
• Published for current year ONLY• Title 3 of CFR• Historically in Federal Register• Collections of Presidential Papers• My favorite site for Executive Orders: http://www.archives.gov/federal-
register/executive-orders/
or http://bit.ly/1BsbGa
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Browse and Update!
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Currency
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Recent Executive Orders
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Federal Register
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Cyclical Nature of LawCongress
Delegate Power to Agency
Executive (President)
Executive Orders
Executive (Agencies)
Formal & Informal
Rule-Making
Judiciary
Interpret the Law
Hold Agencies Accountable
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Case Law Research
• Reporters – contains the text judicial opinions
• Digests – subject access to cases
• Law Reviews – Legal Articles
• Treatises – Book Length Treatment
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Case Citations
• Use Case Citation to find Case
• Example:
Kroschel v. City of Afton, 524 N.W.2d
719 (Minn. 1994)
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Parts of a Judicial Decision
• Parties• Docket Number• Dates Argued & Decided• Attorneys & Judges• Synopsis• Headnotes• Text of Decision