nurturing future global citizens through...
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NURTURING FUTURE GLOBAL CITIZENS THROUGH SUSTAINABLE FACILITIES GONZAGA’S MULTIPRONGED APPROACH TO INSTITUTING SUSTAINABILITY VIA NEW DESIGN AND ON-GOING CAMPUS OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE
AGENDA INTRODUCTIONS
PART 1 DESIGN OF THE HEMMINGSON CENTER CHUCK FAULKINBERRY, JOSEPH KINSELLA, ALEC HOLSER
Q&A
PART 2 DATA DRIVEN OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE BRICE KOSNIK, TOMSON SPINK
Q&A
INTRODUCTIONS: TODAY’S PANEL
HEATHER DEGRELLA
Sustainability Design Leader,
Opsis Architecture
JOSEPH KINSELLA
Assistant Academic Vice
President, Center for Global
Engagement, Gonzaga
University
CHARLES
FAULKINBERRY
Dir., Hemmingson Center
and Auxiliary Services,
Gonzaga University
ALEC HOLSER
Principal & Partner,
Opsis Architecture
TOMSON SPINK
Facilities Maintenance
Manager,
Gonzaga University
BRICE KOSNIK CEO & Co-Founder
BuildPulse Inc.
PART 1: DESIGN OF THE HEMMINGSON CENTER
ALEC HOLSER, Principal & Partner, Opsis
Architecture, [email protected]
CHARLES FAULKINBERRY, Dir., Hemmingson
Center and Auxiliary Services,Gonzaga University,
JOSEPH KINSELLA, Assistant Academic Vice
President, Center for Global Engagement, Gonzaga
University, [email protected]
PROJECT HISTORY
PROJECT HISTORY • History of Dining • Needs for Dining • Circumstances of key departments • Call for creative thinking by the
President • Sustainability, collaboration and a
teaching building • A student-centered space • A University Center that engages
the community
LEADERSHIP: A CLEAR VISION Gonzaga seeks to create an imaginative facility capable of inspiring current and prospective students… envisions that the new facility will be a unique architectural and functional asset that engages students, faculty, staff, the general community, and the world by creating a fusion of new and traditional experiences of learning, socializing, and engagement.
OPENING THE WORLD TO EACH OTHER
“The new context of globalization requires us to act as a universal body with a universal mission realizing at the same time the radical diversity of our situations.
It is a worldwide community and simultaneously as a network of local communities that we seek to serve others across the world.”
-SUPERIOR GENERAL A. NICOLAS, S.J.
BUILDING A SENSE OF PLACE
! “…the concept of dwelling assigns importance to the forms of consciousness with which individuals perceive and apprehend geographical space. More precisely, dwelling is said to consist in the multiple "lived relationships" that people maintain with places, for it is solely by virtue of these relationships that space acquires meaning.”
KEITH BASSO, WISDOM SITS IN PLACES:
NOTES ON A WESTERN APACHE LANDSCAPE
FROM IDEA TO DESIGN Supporting the whole student to become reflective, ethical leaders of tomorrow
COLLABORATIVE VISIONING
PLACE OF COMMUNITY & CONVERSATION
Personal Global
MAKING CONNECTIONS
Places to Meet Places to Work
BUILDING BRIDGES
LIGHT EVERYWHERE
Hea
lthy
Mat
eria
ls
LED
Lig
htin
g
Gre
en R
oof
Sust
aina
ble
Food
Cyc
le
100
% D
aylig
ht /
Vie
ws
Geo
ther
mal
Wel
ls
SUST
AIN
AB
LE F
OC
US
LEED GOLD CERTIFIED
! 40% less water used indoors compared to the
baseline building code. 546,000 gallons of water saved per year, the equivalent of 31,778 showers.
! 63% reduction in annual carbon dioxide emissions compared to similar existing buildings nationwide = 2,548 tons of CO2 saved each year.
! 92.5% of the construction waste = 3,871.6 tons diverted from the landfill.
! Indoor air quality enhanced by use of interior materials
and furniture with low chemical emissions.
! Local Food Production innovation credit: greenhouse together with non-toxic pest management program
LEEDGOLD 69points
SustainableSites 20/26
WaterEfficiency 5/10
Energy&Atmosphere 19/35
Materials&Resources 6/14
IndoorEnvironmentalQuality 11/15
InnovaHon 6/6
RegionalPriority 2/4
FOOD SERVICE SUSTAINABILITY & COMMUNITY FOCUSED
From Delivering Calories to Creating Community
FOOD SERVICE MAKING CHOICES
TEACH AND EAT
Q&A
PART 2: DATA DRIVEN OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE
BRICE KOSNIK, CEO & Co-Founder, BuildPulse
Inc., [email protected]
TOMSON SPINK, Facilities Maintenance Manager,
Gonzaga University, [email protected]
John J Hemmingson Center
SUSTAINABLE HVAC OPERATIONS
! High Rate of Occupant Comfort
• Avoid Hot and Cold Calls
• Avoid Stuffy Conditions
• Appropriate Occupancy Schedules and Set Backs
! Minimal Equipment Maintenance and Repair
• Low number of repair and operational Issues
• Continuous Retro Commissioning
• Continuous Fault Detection
! Low Energy and Carbon Consumption
• Low demand and consumption
• Year over year reduction in Energy Use Intensity (EUI)
TAKING MEASURE….HOW GONZAGA DOES IT
Automated Logic (United Technologies)
• Operates the system
• Manages comfort
• Controls energy flow to HVAC systems
BuildPulse • Provides fault detection
• Continuous retro-commissioning
BuildingOS (Lucid)
• Measures energy consumption
• Creates public interaction and reports results
TOP 12 ISSUES 1. HVAC system operates
continuously during unoccupied period
2. Lighting system illuminating space during unoccupied period
3. HVAC system improperly balanced
4. Improper refrigerant charge
5. Economizer dampers operating incorrectly
6. Insufficient evaporator airflow Reference: PNNL - A Guide to Building Commissioning
FOUNDATION • Setpoints • Scheduling • Sequences
BUILDING COMMISSIONING STARTS WITH
TOP 12 ISSUES 7. Improper controls setup
8. Control component failure or degradation
9. Software programming errors
10. Improper controls hardware installation
11. Air-cooled condenser fouling
12. Valve leakage
CLIENT EXAMPLE
How long does it take to?
• Test Every Sensor, Valve, Damper, & Relay
• 90 buildings
• 2 Dedicated Techs
AUTOMATION THAT DRIVES EFFICIENCY
! Analytics automates the manual processes and audits that we don’t
have time for. ! 4 Man Years or 5 Minutes
! Manual Inspection still requires verification
SETPOINTS TYPICAL SETPOINT MANAGEMENT
SETPOINTS
Band Aid Fixes Raising or lowering the setpoint so the unit is always heating or cooling is not addressing the actual issue. Consider resetting all setpoints during unoccupied hours.
Apply Minimums and Maximums Deadbands should not just be +/- one or two degrees on a general setpoint. Do not allow heating setpoints above 70 or 72, and do not allow cooling setpoints lower than 74 or 76.
Use Minimum Percentage for Parent Mode Instead of determining mode based on a single minimum zone requirement, use an average of all or require that at least 20% of the served equipment is calling for the highest energy mode. For example cooling in winter.
SCHEDULES QUICKLY AUDIT EQUIPMENT RUNTIME
AUTOMATION THAT DRIVES EFFICIENCY
! Analytics automates the manual processes and
audits that we don’t have
! 4 Man Years or 5 Minutes
! Manual Inspection still requires verification
SCHEDULES IDENTIFY ANOMALIES
buildpulse
SCHEDULES IDENTIFY ANOMALIES
SCHEDULES
Confirm with Equipment Just because the schedule is set correctly does not meant the equipment is following it, verify schedule adherence with runtime data from the equipment.
Maximum schedule resolution When ever possible use zone level scheduling, avoid a single schedule for the entire building. Holiday and Exception scheduling can be nested to apply global changes from one location.
Optimal Start / Stop Effective optimal start maintains a memory and trains itself to heat or cool based on the individual zones rate of change in heating or cooling mode.
FAULTS & DEVIATIONS SOURCE WATER PUMP VFD OPERATING AT FULL LOAD
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100%
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Maximum Primary Airflow
Maximum Primary Heating
Airflow
Minimum Primary Cooling
Airflow
DesignHeating Load
Space Load DesignCooling Load
50%
20%
Dea
dban
d
90°F
Maximum Limit
Per
cent
Air
flow
to S
pace
Dis
char
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ir T
empe
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etpo
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90°F
55°F
Heating Coil Activated
Discharge Air
Temperature Setpoint
Figure 6 depicts an alternate method to control a VAV reheat terminal. When the zone requires cooling, the control se-quence is unchanged; primary airflow is varied between maximum and minimum cooling airflow as needed to maintain the desired temperature in the zone.
When primary airflow reaches the minimum cooling airflow setting, and the zone temperature drops below the heating setpoint, the heating coil is activated to warm the air to avoid overcooling the zone. As more heat is needed, the controller resets the discharge-air temperature setpoint up-ward to maintain zone temperature at setpoint (orange dashed line in Figure 6), until it reaches a defined maximum limit—90°F (32°C) in this example. The discharge tempera-°F (32°C) in this example. The discharge tempera-32°C) in this example. The discharge tempera-°C) in this example. The discharge tempera-. The discharge tempera-ture is limited to minimize temperature stratification when delivering warm air through overhead diffusers.
When the discharge-air temperature reaches this maximum limit and the zone requires more heating, primary airflow is increased while the discharge-air temperature setpoint re-mains at this maximum limit. The result is that the airflow-modulation damper and hot-water valve will modulate open simultaneously.
By actively controlling the discharge-air temperature, it can be limited so that temperature stratification and short circuit-ing of warm air from supply to return are minimized when the zone requires heating. This improves occupant comfort and results in improved zone air-distribution effectiveness, which avoids wasteful over-ventilation.
Note: Section 6.5.2.1 of Standard 90.1-2010 allows this alternate control strategy (as long as the maximum heating primary airflow is less than 50% of maximum cooling primary airflow) as an exception to comply with the Standard’s pre-scriptive limitation on simultaneous heating and cooling.
Cold-Air DistributionAnother key ingredient of some high-performance VAV
systems, especially chilled-water VAV systems, is lowering the supply-air temperature.1,4
Supplying air at a colder temperature—between 45°F to 52°F (7°C to 11°C) for example—allows the system to deliver a lower supply airflow rate. This can significantly reduce fan energy use, and it can also allow fans, air-handling units, and VAV terminals to be downsized, which reduces installed cost. Sometimes, duc-twork is downsized also, which further reduces installed cost.
Another potential benefit is that delivering colder air means that the air is drier, which can lower indoor humidity levels in climates that experience humid weather.
Although supplying air at a colder temperature reduces fan energy use, it requires the use of a colder chilled-water temperature (which impacts chiller efficiency), increases
reheat energy, and results in fewer hours when the airside economizer can provide all the necessary cooling. Although the lower humidity levels that result from colder air may be appreciated in some applications, this “extra” dehumidifica-tion results in an increased latent load on the chiller. This increased latent load is partially offset by a reduction in the sensible load due to fan heat (reduced fan power). These impacts partially offset the fan energy savings. Therefore, whole-building energy simulation should be used to deter-mine the impact of a lower supply-air temperature on the overall energy use of a VAV system.
The first tip to maximizing energy savings in a cold-air VAV system is to reset the SAT setpoint upward during mild weath-er. As explained previously, this helps maximize the benefit of the airside economizer and reduces reheat energy use, while still achieving fan energy savings during warm weather.
The second tip is to try raising the zone temperature set-point by one or two degrees. Since people are comfortable at warmer temperatures when humidity is lower, the lower humidity levels that occur with cold-air systems provide the opportunity to slightly raise the zone cooling setpoint. This further reduces airflow and fan energy use, and reduces cool-ing energy a little too.
Next, while lowering the supply-air temperature can allow the ducts to be downsized to reduce installed cost, if a goal of the project is to maximize energy savings, consider designing the system for the colder supply-air temperature but not down-sizing the ductwork as much as possible. Keeping the ducts a little larger reduces fan energy and allows SAT reset to be used without concern for any zones with near-constant cooling loads. It also improves the ability of the air distribution system to re-spond to any future increases in load, since it will be capable of handling an increased airflow rate if needed. Use caution when oversizing VAV terminals to ensure that they are able to prop-erly operate across the entire range of expected airflows.Challenges. Of course, cold-air VAV systems are not with-
out challenges. Design engineers typically express two con-
55°F
ASHRAE High Performance VAV Systems, ASHRAE Journal Oct 2011, John Murphy
SIMPLE SEQUENCES CONTROL OF A VAV REHEAT TERMINAL TO VARY AIRFLOW DURING HEATING
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Q&A