nutrient composition, use and limitations of commonly available feedstuffs

Byproduct Feeds

Peanut HullsPeanut Hulls

Comments:• High fiber, poor digestibility usually limits level of inclusion to providing a low level roughage source or dilute high energy diets for greater intake rates.•Coarsely ground hulls are preferred for effective fiber. Ground then pelleted hulls are a filler with no fiber to stimulate rumination.

DM%DM% 9292

CP%CP% 66

TDN%TDN% 2020

Fat%Fat% 22

Ca%Ca% .26.26

P%P% .07.07

Reported on Dry matter basis.

Rice HullsRice Hulls

Comments:• High fiber, poor digestibility• Must be ground to prevent irritation to the digestive tract.• Keep at 15% or less of the diet.• Use to adjust energy levels of forage substitution rations.

DM%DM% 9292

CP%CP% 33

TDN%TDN% 1212

Fat%Fat% 11

Ca%Ca% .12.12

P%P% .07.07


Cottonseed hullsCottonseed hulls

Comments:• Source of roughage• Fed with other protein and energy dense feeds• Low in protein and energy• Cattle readily consume

DM%DM% 9090

CP%CP% 44

TDN%TDN% 4242

Fat%Fat% 22

Ca%Ca% .15.15

P%P% .09.09


Rice mill feedRice mill feed

Comments:• Combination of rice bran and rice hulls •Low protein and energy feed•Can be used to replace broiler litter• Must be fed with other protein and energy dense feeds• Long-stem fiber or cottonseed hulls should be used at no less than 10% of the diet to help promote rumen health.• Dietary Ca:P imbalance possible

DM%DM% 9191

CP%CP% 77

TDN%TDN% 4848

Fat%Fat% 66

Ca%Ca% .08.08

P%P% 0.60.6


Broiler LitterBroiler Litter

Comments:• Feeding practices currently being debated• Usually mixed with corn or soybean hulls 50:50 for growing cattle, or with 25 to 35% corn for gestating and lactating cows.• Intake should be reduced 50% 30 days prior to calving to reduce incidence of milk fever

DM%DM% 8080

CP%CP% 2323

TDN%TDN% 5050

Fat%Fat% 22

Ca%Ca% 2.92.9

P%P% 1.61.6


Rice branRice bran

Comments:• Brown layer removed to make white rice •Works well for balancing diets where some hay substitution is acceptable or desirable.• Full fat should be limited to 20% diet•Dietary Ca:P imbalance possible. Some mills produce high Ca rice bran as a result of using limestone for bran removal• Cattle offered Free choice full fat bran consumed 1% BW

w/Fatw/Fat w/o w/o FatFat

DM%DM% 9191 8888

CP%CP% 1414 1616

TDN%TDN% 7070 5656

Fat%Fat% 1515 33

Ca%Ca% .1.1 .1.1

P%P% 1.731.73 22Reported on Dry matter basis.

Soybean hullsSoybean hulls

Comments:• Moderate levels of protein and energy• When fed at < 0.5% BW it is estimated to be 88% TDN• Compliments forage digestion• May be fed free choice to growing cattle (appr. 2 lb/d gain) but watch for bloating with pelleted hulls

DM%DM% 9191

CP%CP% 1212

TDN%TDN% 8080

Fat%Fat% 22

Ca%Ca% .5.5

P%P% .2.2


HominyHominy

Comments:• Byproduct of grit or corn meal manufacturing• Feeds like corn• High fat level may limit inclusion rate to 40% of the diet• Dietary Ca:P imbalance possible

DM%DM% 9090

CP%CP% 1212

TDN%TDN% 9191

Fat%Fat% 77

Ca%Ca% .05.05

P%P% .57.57


Wheat MiddlingsWheat Middlings

Comments:• Byproduct of wheat flour milling• Good combination source of protein and energy.• Starch content may vary.• Dietary Ca:P imbalance possible

DM%DM% 8989

CP%CP% 1818

TDN%TDN% 8383

Fat%Fat% 33

Ca%Ca% .15.15

P%P% 11


Corn Gluten FeedCorn Gluten Feed

Comments:• Byproduct of wet corn milling (corn syrup)• Good combination of protein and energy• Suggested feeding rate usually limited to less than 40% of the diet because of potentially high sulfur levels.

DM%DM% 9090

CP%CP% 2424

TDN%TDN% 8080

Fat%Fat% 44

Ca%Ca% .07.07

P%P% .95.95


Dried Distillers Grains w/ Dried Distillers Grains w/ solublessolubles

Comments:• Byproduct of dry corn milling (Ethanol) •Cost usually limits use to correcting protein deficiencies.• High in Rumen Undegradable Protein – but protein is readily digestible.• High S may limit desired feeding rate as well

DM%DM% 9090

CP%CP% 3030

TDN%TDN% 9090

Fat%Fat% 1010

Ca%Ca% .26.26

P%P% .83.83


Brewers GrainsBrewers Grains

Comments:• Feeding usually restricted to northern AR because of delivery costs.• Turnover rate must be high to prevent spoilage in summer.• Dietary Ca:P imbalance possible

DM%DM% 2121

CP%CP% 2626

TDN%TDN% 7070

Fat%Fat% 66

Ca%Ca% .29.29

P%P% .7.7


Peanut SkinsPeanut Skins

Comments:• High fat, moderate energy limits use for on-farm feed manufacturing.• High fat usually limits to less than 15% of the diet; however, researchers in Alabama have fed up to 40% with little problem.•Tannins results in low protein digestibility•Storage can be a problem. High moisture skins can lead to spontaneous combustion.

DM%DM% 9292

CP%CP% 1717

TDN%TDN% 6666

Fat%Fat% 2222

Ca%Ca% .19.19

P%P% .2.2


Other AlternativesGrain screeningsPotato chipsBakery wasteCandy wasteCannery (vegetable) waste

CombinationsFormulate for balance

Avoid selecting multiple ingredients that are:High in protein (ex. Corn gluten and cottonseed

meal)High in fat (ex. Rice bran and hominy)High fiber but low digesbility (ex. rice mill feed and

peanut hulls)High in Sulfur (ex. corn gluten feed, distillers grains,

and molasses)

nutrient composition, use and limitations of commonly available feedstuffs

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