nutrient management as impacted by diet & mgmt · 2010. 10. 15. · contact: galen erickson...
TRANSCRIPT
Nutrient management as impacted
by diet & mgmt
G. Erickson, T. Klopfenstein,
R. Koelsch, & many students
Intake
Excretion
Intake-Retention=Excretion
Excretion in feces & urine
Retained nutrients
10-15%
• Soil core samples (15 cm)
• Runoff events quantified
and sampled
• Manure removed
Weighed, sampled, analyzed
• Soil core samples
• N retention calculated using
NRC equations
Methods nutrient balance experiments
Methods Nutrient balance experiments
• intake - retention = excretion
• manure, soil balance, runoff
• N losses calculated as difference:
•N lost = N excretion-N manure-N soil-N runoff
Mass Balance, kg•steer -1
7.80
6.52
5.22
7.24
6.12
5.17
0
2
4
6
8
CON 15WDGS 30WDGS
P i
nta
ke
Winter Summer
WINTER Linear P < 0.01
SUMMER Linear P < 0.01
3.88
5.13
6.37
3.77
4.62
5.76
0
2
4
6
8
CON 15WDGS 30WDGS
P e
xcre
tio
n
Winter Summer
Mass Balance, kg•steer -1
WINTER Linear P < 0.01
SUMMER Linear P < 0.01
0
2
4
6
8
P d
iffe
ren
ce
Winter Summer
Excretion and Soil Correction
CON 15WDGS 30WDGS
Seasonal Feeding Period
Comparison of Percent N Lost
69.0%
47.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Summer Winter
N lost, %
Reducing N losses
• Reduce amount of N intake
• Improve C:N ratio in manure
– Decrease diet digestibility
– Promote hindgut fermentation
– Amendment
• Decrease pH of pen surface
• Remove manure more frequently
• Storage and handling
N intake1 28.9a 35.5b 42.9c 0.5 < 0.01
N retention 4.6 4.9 4.9 0.1 0.16
N excretion1 24.3a 30.5b 38.0c 0.5 < 0.01
1 Linear effect WDGS Level (P < 0.05) a,b,c Means within a row with unlike superscripts differ (P < 0.05)
0 15 30 SEM P-value
WDGS Level
Feeding distillers Summer, kg•steer -1
Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. A. Greenquist. 2008.
Nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed wet distillers grains.
Nebraska Beef Rep. MP91:53-56.
Manure N1 9.0 9.7 10.0 2.3 0.89
Runoff N 1.25 0.87 1.53 0.54 0.53
N lost1 14.1a 20.0b 26.5c 2.3 <0.01
N loss, % 58.1 65.6 69.6 7.2 0.32 1 Linear effect WDGS Level (P < 0.05) a,b,c Means within a row with unlike superscripts differ (P < 0.05)
0 15 30 SEM P-value
WDGS Level
Feeding distillers Summer, kg•steer -1
Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. A. Greenquist. 2008.
Nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed wet distillers grains.
Nebraska Beef Rep. MP91:53-56.
N intake1 31.5a 36.2b 44.6c 0.7 < 0.01
N retention1 5.8 6.1 6.3 0.2 0.08
N excretion1,2 25.6a 30.1b 38.4c 0.7 < 0.01
1 Linear Effect WDGS Level (P < 0.05) 2 Quadratic Effect (P < 0.05) a,b,c Means within a row with unlike superscripts differ (P < 0.05)
0 15 30 SEM P-value
WDGS Level
Feeding distillers Winter, kg•steer -1
Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. A. Greenquist. 2008.
Nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed wet distillers grains.
Nebraska Beef Rep. MP91:53-56.
Manure N* 8.4 10.3 11.2 1.4 0.16
N lost1 14.1a 19.2b 21.1b 2.1 0.03
N loss, % 55.1 63.8 55.0 6.8 0.37
*Linear Effect WDGS Level (P = 0.07)
1 Linear Effect WDGS Level (P < 0.05)
a,b,c Means within a row with unlike superscripts differ (P < 0.05)
0 15 30 SEM P-value
WDGS Level
Feeding distillers Winter, kg•steer -1
Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. A. Greenquist. 2008.
Nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed wet distillers grains.
Nebraska Beef Rep. MP91:53-56.
Adding carbon, winter/spring
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pe
rce
nt
N l
os
s
CONTROL BRAN SAWDUST
a,b P < 0.01
a
b b
Adams, J. R., T. B. Farran, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, and C. B. Wilson. 2004.
Effect of organic matter addition to the pen surface and pen cleaning frequency on nitrogen balance
in open feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2153-2163.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
CONTROL BRAN SAWDUST
Pe
rce
nt
N l
os
s
Adding carbon, summer
Adams, J. R., T. B. Farran, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, and C. B. Wilson. 2004.
Effect of organic matter addition to the pen surface and pen cleaning frequency on nitrogen balance
in open feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2153-2163.
-48 -28 -8 12 32-45 -24 -16 -8 0 8 16 24 32 40
Uri
ne p
H
DCAD
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.5 LAMBS 11 treatments
STEERS 4 treatments, DRC
STEERS 4 treatments, WDGS
-16
+20
Luebbe et. al., 2008. Midwest ASAS abstract
DCAD
18.8
12.9
39.1
17.7
14.0
40.8
2.9
2.0
5.9
0.73
0.59
0.78
Manure N
N lost
N loss, %
8.40 8.80 0.06 <0.01 Manure pH
DCAD
NEG1 POS1 SEM P-value
Luebbe et. al., 2008. Midwest ASAS abstract
1 NEG = -16, POS = +20
11.7
19.5
61.3
11.1
21.4
64.6
1.5
1.0
3.7
0.67
0.07
0.39
Manure N
N lost
N loss, %
Luebbe et. al., 2008. National ASAS abstract
DCAD
7.70 8.12 0.07 <0.01 Manure pH
NEG1 POS1 SEM P-value
1 NEG = -16, POS = +20
9.7
16.7
5.7
20.7
0
5
10
15
20
25monthly
end cleaning
N v
alu
e,
kg
/ste
er
Manure N, kg N loss, kg
63.6%
78.4%
2001 data, 54 pens
Cleaning Frequency
Wilson, C. B., G. E. Erickson, C. N. Macken, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2004. Impact of Cleaning
Frequency on Nitrogen Balance in Open Feedlot Pens. Nebr. Beef Cattle Rep. MP 80-A:72.
Cleaning Frequency
9.7
12.1
7.2
15.2
0
5
10
15
20monthly
end cleaning
N v
alu
e,
kg
/ste
er
Manure N, kg N loss, kg
55.5%
68.0%
2002 data, 48 pens
Wilson, C. B., G. E. Erickson, C. N. Macken, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2004. Impact of Cleaning
Frequency on Nitrogen Balance in Open Feedlot Pens. Nebr. Beef Cattle Rep. MP 80-A:72.
• Fresh
• Stockpiling
• Composting
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
0 69 0 83 42 83 42 104 69 104
g/k
g D
M
abc c bc d c e bc e a a
Stockpile Compost
0 42 69 83 104
Day Storage*Day P<0.01 Storage P<0.01 a,b,c,d,e P < 0.05
Manure Handling
Luebbe et. al., 2008. Aerobic composting or anaerobic stockpiling of feedlot manure. Neb. Beef Rep. MP91:56-58.
Luebbe et. al., 2009. Composting or stockpiling feedlot manure: Nutrient concentration and recovery. MP92:96-98.
FNMP$
Excretion
Animal Ration
& Performance
Storage, land
appl., and manure
characteristics
Time
(Equipment &
Labor) & $s
Manure
Management
Crop
System
Economics
Modules within
Software
Equipment
Characteristics
Land for
agronomic
application
Inputs Outputs
Crop Rotation,
N vs. P-Rates
Nutrients
CONTACT: Galen Erickson
C220 Animal Science
PH: 402 472-6402
Geisert, B. G., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, M.K. Luebbe, and J.C. MacDonald. 2010. Phosphorus requirement and excretion of phosphorus for finishing beef cattle. J.
Anim. Sci. (accepted).
Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. A. Greenquist. 2010. Nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed corn wet distillers grains plus solubles. J. Anim.
Sci. (accepted).
Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. A. Greenquist, and J. R. Benton. 2010. Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on urinary pH, feedlot performance, nitrogen mass
balance and manure pH in open feedlot pens. J. Anim. Sci. (accepted).
Erickson, G. E., and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2010. Nutritional and management methods to decrease nitrogen losses from beef feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 88:E172-E180.
Bremer, V. R., A. J. Liska, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, H. S. Yang, D. T. Walters, and K. G. Cassman. 2010. Emissions savings in the corn-ethanol life cycle from feeding co-products
to livestock. J. Environ. Qual. 39:472-482.
Liska, A. J., H. S. Yang, V. R. Bremer, T. J. Klopfenstein, D. T. Walters, G. E. Erickson, and K. G. Cassman. 2009. Improvements in life cycle energy efficiency and greenhouse gas
emissions of corn-ethanol. J. Industrial Ecology 13:58-74.
Farran, T. B., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, and R. U. Lindquist. 2006. Wet corn gluten feed and alfalfa hay levels in dry-rolled corn finishing diets: Effects on finishing
performance and feedlot nitrogen balance. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1205-1214.
Adams, J. R., T. B. Farran, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, and C. B. Wilson. 2004. Effect of organic matter addition to the pen surface and pen cleaning frequency on
nitrogen balance in open feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2153-2163.
Block, H. C., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein. 2004. Review: Re-evaluation of phosphorus requirements and phosphorus retention of feedlot cattle. Prof. Anim. Scient. 20:319-329.
Erickson, G. E., T. J. Klopfenstein, C. T. Milton, D. Brink, M. W. Orth, and K. M. Whittet. 2002. Phosphorus requirement of finishing feedlot calves. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1690-1695.
Erickson, G. E., and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2001. Managing N inputs and the effect on N volatilization following excretion in open-dirt feedlots in Nebraska. Nitrogen in the Environment,
TheScientificWorld, URL: http://www.thescientificworld.com 1(S1): 830-835.
Erickson, G. E., and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2001. Nutritional methods to decrease N volatilization from open-dirt feedlots in Nebraska. Nitrogen in the Environment, TheScientificWorld, URL:
http://www.thescientificworld.com 1(S1): 836-843.
Erickson, G. E., T. J. Klopfenstein, C. T. Milton, D. Hanson, and C. Calkins. 1999. Effect of dietary phosphorus on finishing steer performance, bone status, and carcass maturity. J. Anim.
Sci. 77:2832-2836.
Bierman, S., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, R. A. Stock, and D. H. Shain. 1999. Evaluation of nitrogen and organic matter balance in the feedlot as affected by level and source of
dietary fiber. J. Anim. Sci. 77:1645-1653.
Overfeeding protein increases N losses
Nutrition may:
decrease N inputs by 10 to 20%
reduces N excretion by 12 to 21%
reduces N volatilization by 15 to 33%
Based on annual occupancy, lose 50% of N excreted
• 53.5% annually for Control, or 103 g/hd/d
• 48.2% annually for Phase, or 78 g/hd/d
2 year (4 turns) summary
Protein level
Erickson & Klopfenstein, 2001a In: Nitrogen in the Environment, TheScientificWorld
Losses are ~50% of excreted N
Greater in summer, less in the winter
Equates to ~0.25 lb per head per day
What we have evaluated:
• Diet Protein
• Increase organic matter
• Clean more frequently
• Acidify manure
• Distillers grains
• Manure storage
Conclusions