nutrition and your health chapter 5. why do we eat??? physiological your body’s need for food...
TRANSCRIPT
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NUTRITION AND YOUR HEALTH
Chapter 5
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WHY DO WE EAT???
Physiological
Your body’s NEED for food
HUNGER Natural drive that
protects you from starvation
Is your brain’s signal that your body needs replenishing
Psychological
Your body’s DESIRE for food
APPETITE A desire, rather than a
need to eat Is a learned response
and is shaped by your environment and your emotions
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ENVIRONMENT
Cultural heritage – foods you associate with parties, holidays, background or religion
Family – what you ate as a child…what you like/dislike
Social Relationships – trying new foods due to exposure to other people…is a social practice (focus of many social gatherings)
Media Messages – advertisements…influences your food choices…many are misleading (low in fat, but high in calories)
Your Lifestyle – time and money are huge factors in what you eat
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YOUR NUTRITION
Nutrients
Substances in food that your body needs to function properly so that it is able to grow, repair itself and to supply you with energy\
Are obtained from food during digestion
Will effect all sides of the Health Triangle
PERSONAL HEALTH INVENTORY P.95
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NUTRIENTS
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS nutrients that your body can not make OR can not make in sufficient enough amounts
6 Classes of Essential Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water
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CARBOHYDRATES
Starches and sugars mainly from plant food
Gives your body most of the energy that it needs
55-65% of your calories should come from complex carbs
4 calories per gram
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TWO TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES
SIMPLE Sugars Fructose (Fruit) Maltose (grain) Lactose (milk) Sucrose (table sugar)
COMPLEX Starchy foods Rice Grain Seeds/Nuts Legumes (peas…beans) Tubers (potatoes…yams...etc)
Still feel hungry
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WHY DO WE NEED CARBS?
GLUCOSE a simple sugar that is your body’s chief fuel…”Blood Sugar” – Ready source of fuel
It is stored in cells and used as the body needs energy. Broken down into simple chemicals and the liver converts it to
glycogen
GLYOCOGEN – unbroken down sugar source in foods If the glucose is not used right away it is stored in the liver
and muscles as GLYCOGEN….when it is needed it converts back to Glucose and is your ready source of fuel
If more Glucose is present than can be used or stored in the muscles/liver then it is stored as ADIPOSE (aka FAT)
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Pg. 102
Sugar is a major cause of Hyperactivity
Symptoms – excitability, learning disability, short attention span and emotional instability.
Food additives is another cause.
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FATS
Nutrients that supply food energy in compact form Deliver TWICE the amount of energy than Carbs or Proteins (9
calories per gram)
Your body actually needs some fat to function normally Provides insulation Protects vital organs
Three types SaturatedUnsaturated Trans
Composed of LIPIDS Fatty substance that does not dissolve in water
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CHOLESTEROL
Fatty, wax like substance that is produced in the liver of all animals…found only in foods of animal origin
Uses: Production of hormones Vitamin D Protective sheath around nerve fibers Helps liver make bile for digestion
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CHOLESTEROL (cont)
LIPOPROTEINS Carry cholesterol around the body
3 Types HDL – High Density Lipoprotein LDL- Low Density Lipoprotein VLDL- Very Low Density Lipoprotein
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CHOLESTEROL (cont)
HDL “Good Cholesterol” Similar to lead pellets
LDL & VLDL Linked to health
problems “Bad Cholesterol” Similar to
marshmallows
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS Hardening of the
arteries
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SATURATED FATS
Fats considered to be SATURATED when the fatty acids are holding all of the Hydrogen that it possibly can
Usually solid at room temperature Animal Fat Tropical Fat Beef Pork Egg Yolks Dairy
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UNSATURATED FAT
Fatty acid that is missing one or more Hydrogen atoms
Become liquid at room temperature
Vegetable Fats Olive Oil Canola, Soybean, Corn, Cottonseed Oil
HYDROGENATION (ADDING HYDROGEN TOUNSATURATED FATS) CREATES TRANS FAT
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Trans Fat – trans–isomer fatty acid
(s). Trans fats may be monounsaturated or polyunsaturated.
Most trans fats consumed today are created industrially in partial hydrogenation of plant oils
Another name for trans fats is “partially hydrogenated oils
Why do some companies use trans fats?Companies like using trans fats in their foods because they’re easy to use, inexpensive to produce and last a long time. Trans fats give foods a desirable taste and texture. Many restaurants and fast-food outlets use trans fats to deep-fry foods because oils with trans fats can be used many times in commercial fryers.
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Trans fat con’t
How do trans fats affect my health? Trans fats raise your bad (LDL) cholesterol levels and lower your
good (HDL) cholesterol levels. Eating trans fats increases your risk of developing heart disease
and stroke. It’s also associated with a higher risk of developing type
2 diabetes. What foods contain trans fats? Trans fats can be found in many foods – but especially in fried foods like
French fries and doughnuts, and baked goods including pastries, pie crusts, biscuits, pizza dough, cookies, crackers, and stick margarines and shortenings. You can also spot trans fats by reading ingredient lists and looking for the ingredients referred to as “partially hydrogenated oils.”
Trans video
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UNSATURATED FATS (cont)
MONOUNSATURATED
Fish and Vegetable Oil
Decreases the amount of cholesterol
Excreted by solid waste
POLYUNSATURATED
Soybean Oil
Nuts…Seeds
Decreases the amount of cholesterol
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PROTEINS
Nutrients that help build and maintain body tissues Provide 4 calories per gram
2nd most abundant substance in the body Cells are continuously replaced….you will
need protein throughout your entire life
Found in: Muscle…Bone Cartilage…Skin Blood…Lymph System
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ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
There are 8 of them Your diet must supply these Amino Acids for
your body to make hundreds of different proteins
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COMPLETE VS INCOMPLETE PROTEINS
COMPLETE PROTEINS
contain all the 8 Essential Amino Acids
Fish, Meat, Eggs, Milk , Poultry
INCOMPLETE PROTEINS Contain SOME of the
Essential Amino Acids Plant foods, Grains,
Seeds, Peas and Beans
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HOW MUCH PROTEIN DO YOU NEED???
Is determined by your AGE and your ideal WEIGHT/SIZE
For those between 15 and 18 years old.
AGE(.39) x ideal body weight This will give you your recommended daily grams
of protein 4 calories per gram 10-15% of caloric intake (protein) 10-20% not more than 30% (fats) 55-65% (carbs)
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VITAMINS
Compounds that regulate vital body processes (digestion, absorption and metabolism)
Are called MICRONUTRIENTS because they are only needed in small amounts
13 Vitamins essential for body functions
Are necessary for growth and maintenance of life but are NOT a source of energy Directs the way food is distributed throughout the
body
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TWO MAIN GROUPS OF VITAMINS
Water Soluble B & C Vitamins
Fruits & Vegetables
Will dissolve in water Cooking causes a
loss of the vitamin benefit
Continuously washed out of the body through urine and sweat
Fat Soluble A, D, E & K Meats & Oils Less likely to be lost in
cooking Accumulate in fatty
tissue…can lead to a build-up which has a toxic effect
Deficiencies are slower to materialize than in water soluble vitamins
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MINERALS
Inorganic substances that the body cannot manufacture but that act as catalysts, regulating many vital body processes
Are considered to be Micronutrients
TRACE MINERALS Ones your body needs in small amounts
Iron….Iodine…Copper IODINE is especially important for teens
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Minerals con’t
Iron is especially important during the teen years.
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CALCIUM
Maintains and develops your bone strength
Aids in MUSCLE
CONTRACTIONS BLOOD CLOTTING NERVOUS SYSTEM
FUNCTION
Sources: Milk…Dairy…Leafy
Green vegetables…Salmon
Side Effects of Calcium Deficiency: Weakening of your
skeletal system (more prone to fractures)
Poor bone density Osteoporosis
Bones become brittle and weak
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OSTEOPOROSIS
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WATER
Makes up the greatest percentage of your body
Carries nutrients and transports waste from your blood through plasma
Water Lubricates: Joints Mucous Membranes
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WATER (cont)
Will lose water through Perspiration (sweating) Aides in cooling you down Prevents the buildup of internal heat
Will enable you to: Swallow Digest Foods Absorb Nutrients Eliminates Waste
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WATER
Your body will use 10 cups of water per day
You can replace this water by drinking: Juice Milk Water
Should drink about six to eight cups of water per day
More water is lost when you perspire (hot days…exercising…fever) Will need to increase
water intake under these conditions
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Eating Disorders
Refer to page 141
Daily actions can sometimes result in long-term eating disorders.
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Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia = without appetite Nervosa = nervous origin Definition – the irrational fear of becoming
obese. It results in severe weight loss from self-induced starvation.
A psychological disorder with emotional and physical consequences.
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Anorexia con’t
Signs: Low caloric intake Obsession with exercise Emotional problems Unnatural interest in food Unrealistic or distorted sense of body image Denial Obsessive compulsive
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Anorexia con’t
Physical Symptoms
Extreme weight loss Constipation Hormonal changes Heart Damage Impaired immune
function Decreased heart rate Death can result
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Anorexia
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Anorexia
Anorexia video
Looks Deceiving
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Bulimia Nervosa
Cycles of overeating are followed by some form of purging or clearing of the digestive tract.
Leads to: Dehydration Tooth decay Stomach tissue damage Esophagus damage Damage to blood composition
Laxatives interfere with digestion