Nutrition

Nutrition - What’s the big deal?

One: YOU need to be healthy Eating a well balanced diet is important to

achieving and maintaining good health

Two: YOU may need to supply nutritional counseling Responsible to present prove information &

advice that will be helpful to a patient

NutritionDiet: deals with

food that is taken into the mouth

Adequate diet: meets (in full) all nutritional needs & provides some degree of protection

Digestion: process by which food is converted into nutrients for the body to use

Nutrition Nutrients:

Substances conveying nourishment to be utilized by the body in growth, repair tissues, energy, regulating & maintaining body processes

NutritionNutrition: Process by which an

individual utilizes these food materials to meet body needs

NutritionUnder nutrition: particularly in the young

– may inhibit growth and delay maturation – not receiving enough nutrients

Over nutrition: such as eating too much or eating the wrong foods, may need lead to obesity and its may related diseases

Classification of Nutrients

Key Nutrients: Water VitaminsMineralsFatsProteinsCarbohydrates

Good Nutrition

Depends on: team work of key nutrients Each has a specific role in building,

maintaining, & operating the body Extra of one does not make up for shortage

of another Deficiency of one may interfere with

maximum use of others

Carbohydrates

Primary source of energy Facilitate use of fats

Two types: Complex carbohydrates – mainly found in

vegetables, fruits, & grains Refined Carbohydrates – found in sugars, syrup,

jelly, baked goods & other sweets

Proteins Important nutrients – fundamental structural

material of every cell Only nutrients that can repair or build new tissue. Proteins are used in manufacturing hormones,

enzymes, & building antibodies Sources: meat, fish, poultry,

eggs, cheese, dried beans,

peanut butter,

whole grain bread & cereal

Key NutrientsWater:

Essential - live longer w/out food than water

Acts as a solvent Part of body tissue Regulate body temp

Key NutrientsVitamins

Organic substances necessary in minute amounts for proper growth, development, optimal health.

Formation of blood cells, hormones, genetic material nervous system chemical.

Fat-Soluble VitaminsVitamin A

Food Sources: whole milk, butter, cream, liver, dark leafy vegetables

Functions: Dim light vision, maintains mucous membranes, growth & development of bones, healthy skin

Fat-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin D – can be manufactured by body

when exposed to Ultraviolet rays Food Sources: Eggs, liver, fortified milk, Functions: Bone growth, healthy tooth

development Vitamin E – related to aging

Food Sources: Margarines, Salad dressing Functions: Antioxidant, Skin conditioning

Fat-Soluble VitaminsVitamin K – promotes formation of

prothrombine, stored in liver Food Sources: Milk, egg yolk, liver,

green leafy vegetables, Cabbage Functions: Blood clotting & coagulation

Fat Soluble vitamins are stored in body fat and are not destroyed by cooking.

Water SolubleVitamin C (ascorbic acid)-balanced

through Kidney, excreted by body daily Food Sources: Fruits – all citrus, Plants

– Broccoli, Tomatoes, Brussels sprouts, Potatoes

Functions: Prevents Scurvy, Formation of collagen, healing of wounds,release of stress hormones, Absorption of Iron.

Water SolubleVitamin B complex – Excreted by body

daily Classified in group – work together, each has own distinction (see table 5-3 pg 73 in text book)

Some nutrients are lost from cooking foods that contain water soluble vitamins

Minerals

Inorganic substances necessary in minute amounts for proper growth, development and optimal health

Give rigidity to the structure of bones & teeth Work together and important to maintain a

balance to prevent deficiencies

Minerals

Major: Sodium Calcium Potassium Sulfur

Trace: Copper Chromium Molybdenum ???

Cariogenic Carbohydrate containing foods contain the

nutrients used by some bacteria Bacteria in plaque uses nutrients in sugary

foods to produce acid Frequency and duration of eating sugary

substances may be more important than the quantity.

Nutritional Planning

Meet the body’s nutritional requirement & caloric needs

Dentally undesirable diet components should be considered

Cariogenic foods are high in calories and low in nutrients – intake will automatically be controlled when other nutritional needs are met first.