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NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS

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Page 1: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF

BABIES AND TODDLERS

Page 2: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

Babies grow rapidly during the first two years

As they grow, their needs change

Healthy, well-nourished infants have the energy to respond to and learn from stimuli in their environment

Page 3: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

Breast milk provides the necessary energy and nutrients

Breast milk is free of harmful bacteria and is always fresh

It contains antibodies that support and strengthen the immune system

Page 4: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

It requires no

preparation, is

always ready

It is cheaper to

breastfeed than to

buy commercial

formulas

It causes least

allergies of any

food fed to babies

Page 5: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

Good formula milk provides all the protein, vitamins and minerals that breast milk does, but not the antibodies found in breast milk

Formula milk should be prepared in a very clean environment

Page 6: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

Goat’s milk is

closer to human

milk and can be

used

Cow’s milk should

be avoided: it is

too high in protein

and too low in

sugar

Page 7: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

Energy: from six months baby needs solid food to supplement milk to provide kilojoules

Protein: needed for growth. Provided by milk or formula and solids from age six months

Page 8: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

Carbohydrates: Introduced in the form of baby cereals, followed by starchy food such as potato, rice, bread

Vitamins: Vitamin K is injected into babies at birth to prevent bleeding

Sunshine is a cheap source of vitamin D

Page 9: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

Minerals: Rapid

brain growth at six

months increase

infant’s need for

iron

Chicken, fish, liver

and green leafy

vegetables are

good sources of

iron

Page 10: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

Infants have to progress to a more varied diet eventually, they have to learn to chew and swallow solid foods, to tolerate textures and flavours and then to feed themselves using utensils

Page 11: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished
Page 12: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

Energy: is needed for growth and active play

Minerals: Calcium and phosphorus is needed for bones to develop and harden

Iron is needed for bigger volume of blood

Page 13: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

Toddlers need 6-11

servings a day.

Whole wheat

bread or biscuits,

pasta, breakfast

cereals or hot

cooked porridge

will provide energy

Page 14: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

2-3 servings a day.

Provides protein

for growth

Meat, poultry, fish

without bones,

dried beans, peas,

and eggs

Meat should be

easy to chew

Page 15: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

Milk and milk

products provide

calcium needed for

strong bones and

teeth

Milk can be used in

soups, sauces, plain

desserts and custards

4 servings per day is

needed by toddlers

Page 16: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

They provide vitamins and minerals to protect toddlers against diseases

2 Servings of fruit and 3 servings of vegetables per day is needed

Serve green and yellow vegetables and serve at least one raw vegetable per day

Page 17: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

Fats must be used

sparingly as too

much fat can

cause overweight

Too much sweet

foods and sugar

can cause tooth

decay, so use it

also sparingly

Page 18: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS · NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF BABIES AND TODDLERS Babies grow rapidly during the first two years As they grow, their needs change Healthy, well-nourished

They prefer simple, uncomplicated food with a mild flavour

They must eat a variety of food

Do not replace nutrient-dense food with fruit juice

The size of the plate and the amount of food should be in proportion to the child’s age

Small portions of protein food should be included at each meal

Toddlers should be allowed to feed themselves at the beginning of a meal, they can be helped later if necessary

Milk is an important source of protein and calcium and toddlers should drink at least 2 cups of milk per day