2017

Nutritional Sciences Research Retreat

Abstract Booklet

NUTRITIONALSCIENCES2017(JANUARY)RESEARCHRETREAT

08:30am-09:00am ContinentalBreakfast09:00am-09:30pm WelcomeSession* Dr.MollyBray-DepartmentChair

9:30am-10:20am FacultyPresentations-Session19:35 Dr.MollyBray

9:40 Dr.LadiaHernandez

9:45 Dr.JeanneFreeland-Graves

9:50 Dr.AlessiaLodi

9:55 DrewHayes

10:00NataliePoulos

10:05 Dr.MonicaMeadows

10:10 Dr.SaraSweitzer

10:15 Dr.ElizabethWiden

10:25am-10:30am Break10:30am-11:25pm FacultyPresentations-Session2*

10:30 Dr.ChristopherJolly

10:35 MonicaMilonovich

10:40 Dr.JaimieDavis

10.45 Dr.RyanSGray

10:50 Dr.CharlotteHerzele

10:55 Dr.LauraLashinger

11:00 Dr.StefanoTiziani

11:05 DianePapillion

11:10 Dr.AustinCooney

11:15 Dr.KumarKothapalli

11:25pm-12:15pm Lunch**12:15pm-1:15pm PosterPresentationstoJudges1:15pm-2:05pm NutritionProgramPresentations*1:15pm-1:25pm StudyAbroad–Dr.JeanneFreeland-Graves1:25pm-1:35pm Experientiallearningandcommunityoutreach–DrewHays1:35pm-1:45pm UTNI–Dr.MonicaMeadows

1:45pm-1:55pm OnLineMasters–Dr.SaraSweitzer1:55pm-2:05pm HANsprogram–Dr.LadiaHernandez2:05-2:15 Break2:15-2:30 AwardPresentation2:30-3:30pm CurriculumDiscussion/Teaching3:30-5:00pm NTRHappyHour*GEA105

**GEA125

ListofStudentAbstracts

Dr.JaimieDavisErfanKhazaee(2)SarvenazVandyousefi(3)ReemGhaddar(4)MatthewLandry(5)JessicaBoisseau(15)Dr.JeanneFreeland-GravesSangyoungKim(6)PrageetKaang(7)MahsaBabaei(8)JeanetteSands(9)Dr.MargaretBrileyAmyKweller(11)Dr.MollyBrayDianaGutierrezLopez(12)JaehyunJoo(13)VasaviShabrish(14)Dr.LindadeGraffenriedBrittanyHarlow(16)Dr.StefanoTizianiPaulGries(17)Dr.ChristopherJollyGenevieveJames(18)Undergraduate,HANSandSpecialDepartmentalHonorsStudentsMinjiChae(19)DavidRihn(20)CarolineMcFarland(21)MadelineBorel(22)ChristopherHsu,ElizabethEichman(23)AliOberman,IreneKim(24)AlejandroCasco(25)ChristianJohnson(26)LauraWinikka(27)

Judges

PosterAssignments

Dr.JaimieDavis 13 14 17

Dr.JeanneFreeland-Graves 11 4 5

Dr.MollyBray 17 7 18

Dr.StefanoTiziani 16 12 14

Dr.ChristopherJolly 15 9 23

Dr.LadiaHernandez 2 3 6

Dr.MonicaMeadows 7 21 4

DrewHays 4 2 19 20

MonicaMilonovich 8 5 11

DianePapillion 3 8 21

Dr.NataliePoulos 8 7 13 22

Dr.SaraSweitzer 5 6 15

Dr.ElizabethWiden 6 18 3

Dr.AlessiaLodi 16 22 26 23

Dr.LauraLashinger 15 9 18 24

Dr.RyanGray 9 14 12

Dr.KumarKothapalli 12 17 25

Dr.AustinCooney 12 16 24

ShannonSweeney 25 26 27 20

Dr.CharlotteHerzele 19 11 2 27

ABSTRACT#2TheRelationshipbetweenBreakfastConsumptionandCompositionwithAdiposityandMetabolicDiseaseRiskinHispanicYouthErfanKhazaee,Dr.JaimieNDavisBackground:Consumptionofbreakfasthasbeeninverselylinkedtoadiposityandbodyweight,makingitapotentialinterventionstrategytoaddresstheobesityepidemicamongyouth.Moststudiesexaminingthisrelationshiphaveonlyexaminedweightandbodymassindexandfewstudieshaveanalyzedmorespecificadipositymeasurementssuchasbodyfatpercentage.Moreover,limitedstudieshaveexaminedhowthetypeofbreakfastimpactsadiposityandmetabolicparameters,particularlyinhigh-riskHispanicpopulations.Objective/Hypothesis:Toexaminethecross-sectionalrelationshipbetweenbreakfastconsumptionandcompositionwithadiposityandmetabolicparametersinHispanicchildren.ExperimentalApproach:Thisanalysisusesbaselinedatafrom450Hispanicchildren(7-10yearsofage)participatingintheTXSproutsstudy:dietaryintakeviamultiple24-hourdietrecalls,BMIviameasuredheightandweight,waistcircumference,bodyfatviaTanitascale,metabolicparameters(lipids,glucose,insulin)viafastingblooddraws(onlyasubsampleof230childrenwillhavebothdietaryandblooddata).Breakfastwillbedefinedasfoodsthatconstitute³15%oftotaldailyenergyconsumedwithinthreehoursofwakingbetween0500and1000hours.Participantswillbecategorizedinoneofthreebreakfastconsumptioncategories:alwaysbreakfasteater:thosewhometthebreakfastdefinitionforbothdietaryrecalls;intermittentbreakfasteater:thosewhometthebreakfastdefinitionforoneoutofthetwodietaryrecalls;andneverbreakfasteater:thosewhodidnotmeetthebreakfastdefinitionforbothdietaryrecalls.Multivariateanalysisofcovariance(MANCOVA)willbeusedtoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenbreakfastconsumptionandcompositiontoadiposityandmetabolicparameters.Ofnote,aseriesofindependentregressionscanbeperformedinlieuofMANCOVAifthedependentoutcomevariablesarenotcollinear.Thefollowingaprioricovariateswillbeincludedinthemodel:age,sex,energyintake(kcals/day),andrace/ethnicity.

ABSTRACT#3

TheImpactofEarlyLifeInfantFeedingonObesityPrevalenceandMetabolicChangesamongOffspringofHispanicMotherswithGestationalDiabetesMellitus

VandyousefiS,KhazaeeE,LandryMJ,MarkowitzAK,GhaddarR,AsigbeeFM,DavisJN

Background:Offspringborntomotherswithgestationaldiabetes(GDM)aremorelikelytodevelopobesityandmetabolicdiseaseslaterinlife.Manystudieshaveshownthatincreasedbreastfeeding(BF)durationislinkedtoalowerprevalenceofchildhoodoverweightandobesity.Objective:ThisstudyaimstoassesstheeffectsofBFdurationonlongitudinalchangesinadiposityandglucose/insulinactioninHispanicchildren(8-19years)frommotherswithandwithoutGDM.WehypothesizedthatlowerBFdurationwillbelinkedtoincreasedadiposityandmetabolicdiseaseriskinoffspringofmotherswithandwithoutGDM.Methods:DataisfromtheSOLARdataset,whichwasa12-yearretrospectivetrialofover300Hispanicchildren(8-19yearsofage)whowereoverweightorobesebetween2000-2012.Thefollowingmeasureswerecollectedateachannualvisit:dietaryintakeviatwo24-hourdietrecalls,bodycompositionviaDXA,fatdepotsviaMRI,andglucoseandinsulinactionvia2-houroralglucosetolerancetestandafrequentlysampledintravenoustest.BFdurationwascollectedretrospectivelyviaaparentquestionnaire.Linearmixed-effectsmodelingwillbeusedtoevaluatetheeffectsofBFonbaselineandchangesinadiposityvariables,glucoseandinsulindynamicsovertime.Age,sex,tannerstage,birthweight,totalbodyfatandleantissuemass,changesinbodyfatandleantissuemasswillbeenteredinthemodelascovariates.AllanalyseswillbeperformedwithSASversion9.4.FutureImplications:ThiswillbeoneofthefewstudiestoassesstheimpactofBFdurationonlongitudinalchangesinadiposity,andglucose/insulinactioninoffspringexposedtoGDMinutero.ThesedatawillhelpinformpotentialfutureinterventionstargetingoffspringofHispanicmotherswithGDMandhelpresearcherspredictobesityprevalenceandmetabolicdiseaseriskfactorsinhighriskminoritypopulations.

ABSTRACT#4

TestingandPredictingPrediabetesinPredominantlyHispanicChildrenAuthors:ReemGhaddar;JaimieDavis,PhD

Background:ChildhoodobesityhasbeenconsistentlyrisingintheUnitedStatesoverthepastfewdecades,with17.5%ofchildren(6-11y)classifiedasobese.Hispanicchildrenofthesameagegroupweremorelikelytobecomeoverweightorobese(46.2%)comparedtotheirNon-HispanicWhite(NHW)peers(29.4%).Childrenwhoareoverweightorobesehavehigherprediabeticratesthanchildrenofnormalweightandaremorelikelytodeveloptype2diabetesmellitus(T2DM)laterinlife.HispanicsareatahigherriskofdevelopingprediabetesorT2DMandtendtohavelowersocioeconomicstatus(SES)thanNHW.Despitethehighprevalenceofobesityandotherhealthissuesinthispopulation,nocurrentguidelinesexistforthediagnosisofprediabetesunderage10.Objective:Toassessthebaselinerelationshipbetweenfastingplasmaglucose(FPG)andHemoglobinA1c(HbA1c)values,andbetweensociodemographicvariables,childBMI,andprediabetesrates.Hypothesis:FPGandHbA1cvalueswillbepositivelycorrelated,andchildrenwhoareoverweightorobese,Hispanic,orhavelowerSESwillhavehigherprediabeticratesthanchildrenwhoarenormalweight,NHW,orareofhigherSES.ExperimentalApproach:Thisanalysiswillusebaselinedatafromwaves1and2ofacluster-randomizedgardening,cooking,andnutritioninterventioncalledTXSprouts.Thefollowingmeasureswerecollectedpre-interventionon8383rd-5thgradestudents:anthropometrics(height,weight,BMIparameters,bodyfatpercentageviaTanitascale),andFPGandHbA1cviaoptionalfastingblooddraw.Parentmeasuresincludedsurveyquestionsaboutethnicity/race,free/reducedlunchstatus,participationingovernmentaidprograms,andeducationlevel.PrediabeteswasdefinedasFPGof100-125mg/dLorHbA1cof5.7-6.4%.PartialcorrelationswillbeusedtoassesstherelationshipsbetweenFPGandHbA1cvaluesandbetweensociodemographicvariables/childBMIandprediabetesstatus.Implications:Theseresultswillprovidevaluabledatatoinformprediabetesrangesandprevalenceratesinyoungchildren,whichwillhelpinformfuturescreeningandinterventions.

ABSTRACT#5ValidityandReliabilityofaFruitandVegetableScreenerinHispanicFifth-gradeStudentsLandryMJ1,KhazaeeE1,MarkowitzAK1,VandyousefiS1,GhaddarR1,PillesK1,AsigbeeFM1,DavisJN11DepartmentofNutritionalSciences,TheUniversityofTexasatAustin,Austin,TXBackground:Lackofvalidandreliabletoolsformeasurementoffruitandvegetable(F/V)intakeinHispanicyouthcontributestodifficultiesinassessmentofnutrition-relatedinterventionefficacyandepidemiologicalsurveillanceefforts.Objective:ThisstudyassessedthevalidityandreproducibilityofaF/VscreenerinHispanicfifth-gradestudents.ExperimentalApproach:A14-itemdietaryintakescreenerfocusingonF/VintakewasdevelopedbasedontheSchoolPhysicalActivityandNutritionquestionnaireandadministeredto56,fifth-gradestudentsfromsixprimarilyHispanicelementaryschools.Validityofthein-personF/Vscreenerwasassessedwithtwo,24-hourdietaryrecalls(24hDRs)collectedviaphonebytrainedstaffusingNutritionDataSystemforResearch(NDS-R).ResponsesfromthescreenerwererecodedbasedonNDS-Rservingcountsubgroupspecifications.Test-retestreliabilitywasassessedoneweeklaterwithaseparatecohortof81students.Phicorrelation,weightedkappastatistics(WKS),andpercentagreementwereusedtoassessvalidity.Spearmancorrelations,intraclasscorrelationcoefficients(ICCs),andWKSwereusedtoassessreproducibilityofthescreenerbetweentime1andtime2.Results:Comparedto24hDRs,thescreenershowedpooragreementonvalidityassessmentsforallitems.Test-retestassessmentyieldedmeanSpearman,ICCs,andWKSindicativeofmoderateagreement(0.38,0.64,and0.32,respectively).Highestreproducibilitywasfoundforleafyvegetables,starchyvegetables,carrots,tomatoesandpeppers,fruitjuice,andsoftdrinks.Cruciferousvegetables,fruit,wholegrain,andunsweetenedbeveragescreenerquestionsshowedthelowesttest-retestagreement.Conclusions:TheF/Vscreenerexhibitedpoorvaliditycomparedto24hDRs;however,resultsweresimilartothosefoundinotherstudies.Screenerappearedreliableformostvegetables,fruitjuice,andsoftdrinks.FindingssuggestthescreenercanserveasavaluabletoolinmeasuringvegetableintakeofHispanic10-11yearoldchildreninepidemiologicalsurveillanceorassessmentinnutrition-relatedinterventions.

ABSTRACT#6QuantifyingtheAssociationbetweenAcuteLeukemiaandSerumZinc,Copper,andSelenium:AMeta-analysisSangyoungKim,MahsaBabaei,PrageetK.Sachdev,NatashaBeretvas,andJeanneH.Freeland-GravesOptimallevelsofzinc(Zn),copper(Cu),andselenium(Se)areessentialtoperformanumberofmetabolicandphysiologicalprocessesinhumans.Levelsofthesemineralshavebeensuggestedtobealteredinacuteleukemia;buttheresultshaveinconsistent.Themainobjectiveofthisresearchistoexaminetherelationshipbetweentheamountofthethreetraceelements,Zn,Cu,andSe,intheserumofpatientswithandwithoutacuteleukemia.Forthispurpose,ameta-analysiswasconductedtomeasuretheconcentrationofthesetraceelementsinpatientswithacuteleukemia,ascomparedwithhealthycontrols.Researchpaperspublishedonthistopicbetween1977and2016thatmetthecriteriawereincluded.Resultsshowedasignificantlypositivecorrelation(p<.01)betweenserumCulevels(effectsize=1.72;95%CI,0.923-2.5193)withacuteleukemiaandasignificantnegativecorrelation(p<.05)forserumZnlevels(effectsize=-1.38;95%CI,-2.477--.2799).ResultsforserumSe(effectsize=-1.39;95%CI,-2.826-.0556)andacuteleukemiawerenotstatisticallysignificant(p<.10).Inconclusion,themeta-analysismethodsuggeststhatpatientswithacuteleukemiahaveelevatedlevelsofserumCuandlowerconcentrationsofserumZn.AgreatersamplesizemaybenecessarytodetermineifserumSeisassociatedwithacuteleukemia.

ABSTRACT#7Zinc,CopperandIroninOralSubmucousFibrosis:AMeta-analysisformeasurementoftraceelementsstatus.PrageetK.Sachdev,JeanneH.Freeland-Graves,NatashaBeretvas,NamrataSanjeeviOralSubmucousFibrosis(OSMF)isaprecancerousconditionoftheoralcavity,characterizedbyinflammationandprogressivefibrosisofthesubmucosaltissues.ThischronicconditionismoreprevalentamongSouthAsianpopulationwithaprevalencerateof0.2to0.5%.Studieshavereportedalteredzinc(Zn),copper(Cu)andiron(Fe)levelsinthebodyfluidsofOSMFsubjects;butfindingsareinconsistent.Therefore,estimationofZn,CuandFestatusmayserveasanauxiliarytestinthediagnosisandprognosisoforalprecancerandcancer.Objective:ToevaluatewhetherthereisasignificantdifferenceinthelevelsoftraceelementsofZn,CuandFebetweentheOSMFandhealthygroupsApproach:AliteraturesearchofEmbase,PubMed,CochranelibraryandWebofSciencedatabaseswasconductedforstudiesinvestigatingthetraceelementconcentrationsinOSMFsubjectsuptoJune2017.Atotalof31reportsmettheinclusioncriteria.Standardizedmeandifferencewasutilizedastheeffectsizeforthemeta-analysis.Statisticsreportedinclude95%CI’sandone-sidedZ-statistic.Effectsofthebiomarkerusedandproportionofmaleswereevaluatedbythemixed-effectsmodel.Results:SuggestedasignificantincreaseinthelevelsofCu(effectsize=1.42,p-value<0.05,95%ConfidenceInterval(CI):0.212—2.637)andasignificantdecreaseinlevelsofZn(effectsize=-2.07,p-value<0.01,95%(CI):-3.719—-0.416)andFe(effectsize=-2.96,p-value<0.05,95%(CI):-4.514—-1.410)inOSMFpatientsascomparedtocontrols.Themoderatorshadnosignificantinfluenceontheeffectsize(p>0.05).Conclusions:Thisisthefirstcomprehensivemeta-analysisthatcollectivelyanalyzedthelevelsoftraceelementsinOSMFversushealthysubjects.

ABSTRACT#8ComparisonofBodyMassIndex(BMI),dietqualityandfoodinsecuritybetweenrecipientsofWomen,Infants,andChildren(WIC)plusSupplementalNutritionAssistanceProgram(SNAP)versussingleprogram

MahsaBabaei,M.S.andJeanFreeland-Graves,Ph.D.

Background:TheprevalenceofadultobesityintheUnitedStateshasbeenincreasing,withmorethantwo-thirdsofadultsoverweightorobese.Obesityhasbecomeamajorpublichealthconcernbecauseexcessbodyfatisassociatedwithtype-2diabetesandheartdisease.Foodinsecureindividualswillbethefocusofthisresearch,astheyaremorepronetobeoverweightorobeseascomparedtothosewithsufficienthouseholdfoodresources.ThisstudywillcomparedietqualityandBodyMassIndex(BMI),andoverallfoodinsecurityofwomenparticipants(18-45yr)ofWICplusSNAPversusthosewhoparticipateinonlyWICorSNAPfoodassistanceprograms.Objective:Itishypothesizedthatlowincomewomen(18-45yr)whoparticipateinWICplusSNAPgovernmentprogramswillhavebetterBMI,dietquality,andfoodsecuritythanthosewhoenrolledinonlyoneprogram.Method:Thiscross-sectionalstudywillassessBMI,dietquality,andfoodinsecurityof300women(18-45yr)whoparticipateinWICplusSNAPvsthosewhoenrolledinonlyoneprograminAustin,TX.ADemographicQuestionnaireandaFoodFrequencyQuestionnairewillcollectdemographicsandthenutrientdata,respectively.DietqualitywillbedeterminedviatheHealthyEatingIndex2017.WeightandheightwillbemeasuredtoassessBMI.FoodinsecuritywillbeevaluatedbyaCoreFoodSecurityModule.Logisticregressionwillbeusedtoexaminefoodinsecurity,obesity,anddietqualityamongWICplusSNAPandeachsingleprogramparticipants.FutureImplications:Todate,researchhasnotbeenconductedtocomparehowacombinationofWICandSNAPvs.WICorSNAPsinglefoodassistantprogramsaffectdietqualityandBMIoftheirwomenrecipients.ThesedatawillhelpprovideinformationonpotentialpolicychangesintheUnitedStatesconcerningimplementationoffoodassistanceprograms.

ABSTRACT#9ShouldSupplementalNutritionAssistanceProgram(SNAP)benefitshavesimilarpurchaserestrictionsastheSupplementalNutritionProgramforWomen,Infants,andChildren(WIC)?JeanetteSandsandJeanneFreeland-Graves,PhDBackground:ParticipantuseofgovernmentfoodbenefitsoftheSupplementalNutritionAssistanceProgram(SNAP)isofconcernintermsofoptimizinghealthwithlimitedfunds.TheSNAPprogramusestheUnitedStateDepartmentofAgriculture’s(USDA’s)ThriftyFoodPlan(TFP)toestimateappropriatefunddisbursement.However,atpresentSNAPdoesnothaveanyrestrictionsbeyondprohibitionofpurchaseoftobaccoandalcoholandhotpreparedfoodstoguideparticipantstomakeoptimalgroceryshoppingchoices.Incontrast,SupplementalNutritionProgramforWomen,Infants,andChildren(WIC)restrictsparticipantstocertainpredetermined“healthyfoods.”RestrictionofSNAPbenefitsiscontroversialasthesebenefitsaredesignedtobesupplemental.OpponentstolimitingpurchaseoptionsonSNAPbenefitsbelievethatparticipantswouldsimplyshifttheirpurchaseofunhealthyfoodstotheirpersonalfundsandusetheirbenefitstopurchasethehealthierfoods.Thus,limitstocontrolpurchaseswouldbefutile,withnonetbenefittoparticipanthealth.Objective/Hypothesis:ThisstudywillinvestigateconformitytoTFPrecommendationsinlow-incomewomenreceivingSNAPonlyorSNAPandWICbenefitsinordertodetermineiftheguidelinesinplaceforWICusersimproveparticipantgrocerypurchasinghabits,leadingtobetterhealth.ExperimentalApproach:Atpresentrecruitmentofasampleof100SNAPonlysubjectsandasampleof100subjectswithbothSNAPandWICisbeingconducted.Women(18-50yearsofage)arerecruitedfromAustinarealocationsservinglowincomepopulations.Inordertoquantifyparticipantpurchasingpatterns,participantsareaskedtocollectgroceryreceiptsforonemonthtomeasureconformitytoThriftyFoodPlanrecommendations.Expectedoutcomes/recommendations:InitialresultsindicatethattherestrictionsplacedonWICparticipantsdoimproveconformitytoThriftyFoodPlanrecommendations,thissuggeststhatSNAPbenefitsshouldhavesimilarrestrictionsasthosefortheWICprogram.

ABSTRACT#11Maternalprepregnancyobesityassociatedwithlowerpsychomotordevelopmentinboysatage3AmyKweller1,BeverlyInsel2,AndrewRundle2,LoriHoepner2,3,PamFactor-Litvak2,VirginiaRauh2,FredericaPerera2,ElizabethWiden1,21UniversityofTexasatAustin;2ColumbiaUniversityCenterforChildren’sEnvironmentalHealth,NewYork,NY;3SUNYDownstateMedicalCenter,Brooklyn,NY.Background:Maternalobesityandenvironmentaltoxicantexposuresdisproportionatelyaffectinner-citychildrenandmaydetrimentallyimpactintellectualdevelopment.Whethermaternalobesityandprenatalenvironmentalexposureshaveinteractiveandconfoundingeffectsonchildneuraldevelopmentremainsunknown.Methods:AcohortofAfricanAmericanandDominicandyads(n=437)fromNorthernManhattanandSouthBronxwerefollowed.Prenatalmaternalmeasuresincludedweight,plasmachlorpyrifos(CPF)andpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAH)assessedwitha48-hourbackpackair-monitor.At36months,thePsychomotorDevelopmentIndex(PDI)andMentalDevelopmentIndex(MDI)oftheBayleyScalesofInfantIntelligence(BSID-II),andtheHomeObservationforMeasurementoftheEnvironment(HOME)Inventorywerecompleted.Sex-stratifiedlinearregressionmodelsassessedPDIandMDIoutcomesassociatedwithmaternalprepregnancyBMI,whilecontrollingforpregnancyweightgain,HOMEenvironment,andcovariates.Inasubsamplewithtoxicantdata,weevaluatedforinteractiveorconfoundingeffectsofCPF(n=299)andPAH(n=386)withchildoutcomes.Results:Of437women,49.0%werenormalweightbeforepregnancy,24.5%overweight,22.4%obese,and4.1%underweight.At36months,meanscoresonthePDIandMDIwerehigheringirlscomparedtoboys[PDI:101.5vs.96.8,p<0.001;MDI:92.4vs.88.5,p<0.001].Incovariateadjustedmodels,maternalobesitywasassociatedwithlowerPDIscoresinboys[β=-6.8,95%CI:(-11.7,-1.9),p=0.007],butnotgirls.MaternalBMIwasnotassociatedwithMDIinboysorgirls(all-p>0.05).Inthosewithtoxicantdata,weobservedthatmaternalPAHorCPFexposuredidnotimpactassociations(βchange<10%orinteractionp-value>0.05).Conclusion:PrepregnancyobesitywasassociatedwithlowerPDIscoresat36monthsinboys,butnotgirls.Prenataltoxicantexposuredidnotinfluenceassociations.Themechanismsunderlyingthissex-specificassociationremainunclear,butduetoelevatedobesityexposureinurbanpopulations,furtherinvestigationiswarranted.

ABSTRACT#12Effectsoftime-of-daydependentmacronutrientintakeongutmicrobiotadiurnaloscillations.DianaE.Gutierrez,LauraM.Lashinger,andMollyS.BrayDepartmentofNutritionalSciences,TheUniversityofTexasatAustin,AustinTXBackground:Time-restrictedfeedinghasbeenassociatedwithfluctuationsingutmicrobiotathatmayinfluencehostmetabolismandenergybalance,butthemechanismsbywhichthisoccursremainlargelyunknown.Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexaminetheeffectsoftime-restrictedmacronutrientintakeonthecircadianoscillationsofthegutmicrobiota.Methods:MaleandfemaleFVB/Nmicewererandomlyassignedtooneoffourfeedinggroups(n=8/group).Twocontrolgroupsreceivedaccesstoeitherhighfat(HF;45%fat)orlowfat(LF;10%fat)chowduringtheactive(dark)phaseofthelight/darkcycle(zt12-zt24).Twotimed-feedinggroupsreceivedtwosimulated"meals"givenduringthefirstfour(zt12-zt16)andlastfour(zt20-zt24)hoursofthedarkcycle,separatedbya4-hperiodwithnofoodaccess.TheEarlyHighFat(EHF)groupwasgivenaccesstoHFfoodfromzt12-zt16andaccesstoLFfoodfromzt20-zt24,whiletheEarlyLowFat(ELF)groupwasgiventheoppositemealpattern.After13weeksofdiet,fecalsampleswerecollectedevery4hfor24h,and16Ssequencingwasusedtoquantifybacterialtaxapresentinsamples.Microbialabundancewasnormalizedtozt0,andCosinoranalysiswasusedtoexaminerhythmicityofthemicrobiotaatthephylumandfamilylevels.Results:Significant(p<0.05)rhythmicitywasdetectedinthephylaBacteroidetesandFirmicutesonlyintheEHFfeedingcondition,withpeakabundanceofeachphylumphase-shiftedbyapproximately12h,consistentwiththepresentationofhighfatorhighcarbohydratetothecolon.Atthefamilylevel,Rikenellaceae,Streptococcaceae,Mogibacteriaceae,andErysipelotrichaceaedisplayeddiurnalrhythmicoscillationsintheEHFgrouponly.Conclusions:Earlyhighfatfeedingisassociatedwithdiurnaloscillationsofthegutmicrobiotainresponsetonutriententrainment.Theseoscillationsmayoptimallysyncmicrobialandhostmetabolisminamannerthatfacilitatesregulationofenergybalanceandfuelutilization.

ABSTRACT#13TheEffectof15-weekExerciseTrainingonDietaryPreferencesamongSedentaryYoungAdultsJaehyunJoo,MollyS.BrayBackground:Whileexercisehasbeenshowntoinfluencetotalenergyintake,itseffectondietarypreferencesremainsunderstudied.Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexploredietarypreferencesamongsedentaryyoungadultsundergoingaerobicexercisetrainingandidentifytheroleofphysicalexerciseonchangeindietarypreferences.Methods:TheTrainingInterventionandGeneticsofExerciseResponse(TIGER)Studyisaprospectivecohortstudywiththegoalofidentifyinggeneticfactorsthatinfluencephysiologicalresponsestoa15-week,3d/wkaerobicexercisetrainingprotocol.TheBlockfoodfrequencyquestionnairewith102fooditemswasusedtocollectdietarydatabeforeandafterexercisetraining.Dietarypatternanalysiswasperformedatbaselinetocapturehabitualdietarypreferenceinsedentaryyoungadults(n=2,730)usingaBayesiansparsefactormodel,accountingfortheeffectsofgenderandrace/ethnicity.Dietarypatternsweredefinedbyincludingfooditemsthatmetorexceededaprobabilitythreshold>0.95.Transitionsofdietarypatternswereevaluatedafterthe15-weekexercisetrainingintermsofchangesindietarypatternscores.Results:Sevendietarypatternswereidentifiedanddenotedas:Prudent,Western,SnackandSweets,Hispanic,MeatandDairyAlternatives,Alcohol,andCerealwithMilk.Differencesinhabitualdietarychoiceswereobservedbygenderandbyrace/ethnicity.Afterthe15-weekexercisetrainingprotocol,participantsreducedoverallfoodintakesinaccordancewithasignificantreductionindailyenergyintake(−255.85±35.81kcal/day).ExercisecharacteristicsweremostsignificantlyrelatedtoSnackandSweetspreference,andalsoassociatedwithPrudentandWesterndietarychoicesinwhichtheireffectsweredependentonrace/ethnicity.Conclusion:Theprocessofbecomingphysicallyactivemayinfluenceotherhealthbehaviors,includingdietaryintake.Ourdatashowthatcompliancewiththeprescribedexerciseregimenwasassociatedwithreductionsinintakeofsweetsandsnacksandmaintenanceofintakeofhealthyfooditems.

ABSTRACT#14FoodandexerciseentrainmentofcircadianrhythmsinarotatingshiftworkparadigmVasaviShabrish,Dr.LauraM.LashingerandMollyS.BrayAbstract.

Manyofourbody’sbiologicalprocessesfollowapproximately24-hourrhythmsthatregulateandmaintainphysiologicalfunctionsinmammals.Endogenoustimekeepingisachievedbythemolecularcircadianclocksystem,withthecentralcircadianoscillatorinthesuprachiasmaticnuclei(SCN)withinthebrainandcellularself-sustainingoscillatorsinvirtuallyallperipheraltissues.Thesemolecularcircadianclockssynchronizeinternalclocktimingwithexternalcuesorzeitgebers(“timekeepers;”e.g.,light,food)(1-3).Theriseinobesityandmetabolicdisordersinthepastcenturyparallelsadvancesinindustrialization,travel,urbanization,andeconomicglobalizationthathavecreateda“24-hoursociety”,whichisassociatedwithashiftinthetimingofdailyactivities(i.e.,eating,activity,sleep)fromthenaturallight-darkcycleinwhichweevolved(4).Shiftworkischaracterizedbyout-of-phaseperformanceoffeeding,activity,andsleepingpatterns,inducingamultitudeofchangesinthephysiologicalstateofanindividual.Thesechangescandramaticallyalterthetemporalorganizationofbiologicalrhythmsinhumans,increasingtheriskfordevelopmentofobesity,metabolicdysfunction,cancer,sleepdisturbances,andcognitiveimpairments(5-11).Nearly27millionworkersintheUnitedStatesareworkinginshiftsandflexibleschedules,accordingtoa2004reportbyBureauofLaborStatistics(12).

Endogenouscircadianrhythmsareentrainedtotheenvironmentviaexposuretozeitgebers.Lightisthedominantcentralzeitgeber,whichresetstheendogenousphysiologicalandbehavioralrhythmstomatchthe24-hourday(13,14).Non-photiczeitgebers,includingfoodintake(15,16)andexercise(17,18),areequallypowerfulentrainersoftheperipheralcellularcircadianclocks.Achievingstablecoordinationofentrainmentofcircadianrhythmsbetweencentralandperipheralclocksinarotatingshiftworkparadigmischallengingduetotherepeatedshiftsinexposuretolight/dark,food,andphysicalactivityevery3to4days.Inviewofthesechallenges,wewillinvestigatetwointerventionsdesignedtoacceleratemetabolicre-synchrony:1)restrictingfeedingonlytoactivephasewhetheron-shiftoroff-shiftand2)schedulingphysicalactivityviarunningwheelsfor1-hourevery24hours,independentofshiftsinlight/darkcycle.Thustheobjectiveofthisstudyistodetermineiftime-restrictedfeedingand/orregularlyrepeatedtimeddaily1-hrboutsofexerciseinamurinerotatingshiftworkmodelcanamelioratemetabolicperturbationsofcircadianmisalignment.

Theresultsofthisstudywillhelptobetterunderstandthelinksofalteredcircadianbehaviorandmetabolicdisturbances,whileinformingeffectivestrategiestoimprovelifestyle,preventchronicdiseases,andpromoteoverallhealthofshiftworkers.

ABSTRACT#15SocioeconomicStatus,HomeVegetableAvailability,andChildDietaryIntake:ASecondary,Cross-SectionalAnalysisofTXSprouts:AbstractJessicaBoisseau,JaimieN.DavisPurpose:ObesityprevalenceinAmericanchildrenhasmorethantripledinthelastfortyyears.ChildhoodobesityislinkedtotypeIIdiabetes,andriskfactorsforheartdisease.BothobesityandtypeIIdiabetesdisproportionatelyaffectlow-incomechildren.Consumptionoffruitsandvegetables(FV)isadietaryfactorthathasbeentargetedtopromotehealthierbodyweightduetoitsassociationwithreducedriskofobesity.SocioeconomicfactorsandhomeavailabilityofFVinthehomehaveshownanassociationwithconsumptionofFV.Thus,theaimofthepresentstudyistoexaminetheextenttowhichhouseholdincomeandavailabilityofdifferenttypesofvegetablesinthehomepredictchildvegetableintake.Methods:Thepresentstudyisasecondarycross-sectionalanalysisofTXSprouts.Participantsare3rd-5thgradersintheAustin,TXarea.Householdincomedatawascollectedviaparent/guardian-reporteddataonchildparticipationinthefree/reducedlunch(FRL)programatschool,ashouseholdincomemustnotexceed185%ofthefederalpovertylineforchildrentoqualify.Parents/guardianswereaskedtoassessvegetableavailabilityinthehome,andchilddietaryintakedatawascollectedviaaquestionnaire.Chi-squareanalyseswereruntoassessdifferencesinvegetableavailabilitybyFRLparticipation.Non-parametricKruskal-WallisanalysesofvariancewereusedtoanalyzedifferencesinmeanvegetableintakebyFRLparticipationandhomevegetableavailability.Friedman’snonparametrictwo-wayanalysisofvariancewasusedtoassessvegetableintakebyFRLparticipationandhomevegetableavailability.Findings:FRLparticipantshadalltypesofvegetablesavailableinthehome“allofthetime”significantlylessfrequentlythanexpected(p=0.000).FRLparticipantsconsumedsignificantlymorevegetablesthantheirclassmatesnotparticipatingintheFRLprogram(p=0.0001).Forfreshandcut-upvegetablesandsalad,meanvegetableintakewassignificantlygreateramongstudyparticipantswhoreportedlyhadtheminthehome“allofthetime”comparedtothosewho“never”hadtheminthehome(p<0.05).Thus,FRLparticipantsconsumedmorevegetablesdespitehavingfewervegetablesavailableinthehome,althoughhomevegetableavailabilitywasastrongdeterminantofvegetableintake.NosignificantinteractionexistedbetweenFRLparticipationandhomevegetableavailabilitytoaffectmeanvegetableintake.Conclusions:Whilevegetableconsumptionamonglow-incomechildrenmaybemediatedbyavailabilityofvegetablesattheschool,increasingavailabilityofvegetablesinthehomemaybeapolicytargettopromotevegetableintakeforchildrenofallSESbackgrounds.

ABSTRACT#16ObesityInducesaSenescent-LikePhenotypeinBreastStromalFibroblastsBrittanyHarlow,1AlbertDavalos,2AndrewBrenner,3SteveHursting,4LindadeGraffenried11TheUniversityofTexasatAustin2BuckInstituteforResearchonAging3UTHealthScienceCenteratSanAntonio4TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaBackground:Nearly40%ofAmericanwomenpresentaBMI≥30,whichisparticularlyalarmingsinceobesityconfersaworseprognosisforbothpre-andpostmenopausalbreastcancerpatients.Althoughthemolecularmechanismsbehindthisremainunclear,obeseconditionshavebeenshowntoupregulatecertaincomponentsofthesenescenceassociatedsecretoryphenotype(SASP),whichdirectlycorrelateswithtumorigenesis.However,studieshaveyettodeterminewhetherobesityinducesacohesiveSASPfromanyonecelltypeinthebreasttumormicroenvironment.Becausecancer-associatedfibroblasts(CAF)representthemostcommonbreasttumorcelltype,itisofparticularimportancetoinvestigateobesity-inducedchangesinthiscellularcompartment.Hypothesis:Wehypothesizethatobesityinducesasenescent-likephenotypeinstromalfibroblastsbyreprogrammingtheepigenomeandmodulatingparacrinesignalingeventsfrombreasttumormicroenvironment.ExperimentalApproach:Invitroobesitymodelswillbeusedtoassessthedirectandindirectinfluenceofobesity.Toevaluatedirecteffectsofobesityonfibroblastphenotype,wewillexposeIMR-90andHCA2humanfibroblaststomediasupplementedwith2%serafromobesewomenandevaluatechangesingeneexpressionofsenescentmarkers.Wewillalsoassesstheinfluenceofobesityasmediatedbyothercomponentsofthebreasttumormicroenvironment.Specifically,wewillexposethesecellstoobesesera,collecttheconditionedmedia,andapplyittofibroblasts,afterwhichthefibroblastswillbeassessedforsenescentmarkers.Thegeneexpressionanalyseswilleffectivelyindicatesecretoryphenotype,asthemRNAtranscriptanalysesofsenescentcellscorrelatepositivelywithsecretedprotein-antibodyarrays.ResultsandConclusions:Inrevealingtheassociationbetweenobesityandsenescence,ourstudieswillhelpelucidatethemechanismsbywhichobeseconditionsimpactthecarcinogenicprocess.Inaddition,thedatawillcontributetoourunderstandingofeffectsmediatedbythetumormicroenvironmentandtherebyemphasizetheimportanceofmaintainingastroma-inclusivefocusincancerresearch.

ABSTRACT#17FullyAutomatedDerivatizationforFattyAcidsAnalysisbyGasChromatography-MassSpectrometryPaulGries,JenniferChiou,NathalieMunozandStefanoTizianiDepartmentofNutritionalSciences&DellPediatricResearchInstitute,UniversityofTexasatAustin,1400BarbaraJordanBlvd.,Austin,TXGaschromatography-massspectrometry(GC-MS)providesanadaptableandruggedplatformforthedetectionandanalysisoffattyacids.AnalysisoffattyacidsbyGC-MSgenerallyrequiresderivatizationoffattyacidsbychemicallytransformingthemtofattyacidmethylesters(FAMEs)whichreducestheirpolarnatureandthesubsequentadsorptionwithintheGCcolumnandimprovesthepeakseparationintheresultingchromatogram.Numerousderivatizationtechniqueswithvariousreagentsarecurrentlyemployedandareperformedmanually.However,theresultingFAMEsarecommonlytime-sensitiveandmaydegradeifnotsampledwithinanappropriatetimeframe.TheadaptationofaroboticautosamplertoapreexistingGC-MSplatformallowsforthecreationandoptimizationofanautomaticderivatizationandinjectionprotocolthatcanstandardizedsamplingtimeandimprovereproducibilitycomparedtomanuallyderivatizedandinjectedsamples.Optimizedautomatedprotocolsprovidehighlyreproduciblespectrometricanalysisandreducesthetotalhands-ontimerequiredforsamplepreparation.Herewepresentourcurrenteffortstowardsgeneratinganautomatedderivatizationanddirectinjectionprotocolforthedetectionandanalysisoffattyacidsinbiologicalsamples.FattyacidswereextractedfromhumanandfetalbovineserumusingamodifiedFolchextractionmethodwitha2:1ratioofisooctaneto2:1methanol:saline.TheextractedfattyacidswerederivatizedmanuallyorinautomationbytheThermo-ScientificTriplusRSHroboticautosamplerwithtrimethylsulfonuimhydroxidesolution(TMSH).SpectrogramsandmassspectrometrydataresultingfromtheseexperimentswasanalyzedwithThermoXcaliburQuantitativeBrowser.Automaticderivatizationresultedinspectrogramscontainingmorestablebaselinesandhighersignal-to-noiseratioswhencomparedtomanuallyderivedsamples.AutomaticderivatizationcanbeeffectivelyappliedtoexistingGC-MSplatformsandreducetimeneededtopreparebiologicalsampleswhilesimultaneouslyincreasingexperimentalreproducibilitydataquality.

ABSTRACT#18ProfessionalDevelopmentNeedsinNutrition&DieteticsGenevieveJamesBackground:Nutritionisabroad,multidisciplinaryfieldwhereitisdifficulttoidentifycurrentknowledgegapsinthefield.Withnutritionresearchconstantlychangingandevolving,itisimperativethatnutritionprofessionalscontinuetolearnandupdatetheirknowledgetoremaineffectivetranslatorsofnutritiontothepublic.Thisisoftenatoughtaskduetothewiderangeofmedicalnutritiontherapyinformationahealthcareprofessionalneedstoknow.Nutritionprofessionalshaveaworkingknowledgeofwhatisrelevantinthefield,aswellaswhatislackinginprofessionaldevelopmentresources.Thepurposeofthisstudyistoidentifyandexamineknowledgegapsin-depthbysurveyingnutritionanddieteticsprofessionals.Theoutcomeofthisstudywillprovideanextensiveanalysisofthesetopics/areas,andaclearerpictureofthecurrentstateofnutritionresearchandprofessionaldevelopmentresources,leadingtopossiblepathsforwardtoadvancethefield.Objective/Hypothesis:AimI.Identifyknowledgegapsandneedsofnutritiondietitiansandnutritionprofessionals.AimII.Translateknowledgegapstorecommendationsneededfornutritioneducationandresearch.ExperimentalApproach:ParticipantswillbeprofessionalswhoaremembersofDieteticPracticeGroups(DPGs)intheAcademyofNutritionandDietetics,andtheywillbesentaseriesofcross-sectionalsurveys.Thefirstsurveywillidentifyareasthathavesignificantknowledgegapsinthenutritionfield.Fromthissurvey,thetoptenmostcommonlyselectedareaswillbechosenforfurtherinvestigation.Aminimumoftwosurveyswillbedesigned,focusingonfiveareaseachtokeepthesurveysfrombecomingtoolong.Thesefollow-upsurveyswillexplorethedepthofknowledgenecessaryforprofessionaldevelopmentintheselectedareas.

ABSTRACT#19TheRelationshipBetweenParentalPerceptionofChildWeightStatusandActualChildWeightStatusMinjiChaeBackground:ChildhoodobesityhasbecomeanationalepidemicintheUnitedStates.Beingoverweightorobeseasachildisastrongpredictorofadultobesity.Parentsmaynotbeawareorrecognizethattheirchildisoverweightorobese.Anaccurateperceptionofweightstatusisessentialinobesitytreatmentandprevention.Parents,regardlessofcultureandage,tendtounderestimatetheweightoftheirchild.ThereislimitedresearchthatexaminestheparentalperceptionofchildweightstatusinHispanicpopulations.Objectives:ThegoalofthisstudyistoexaminetherelationshipbetweenparentalperceptionofchildweightstatusandactualweightstatusofchildrenparticipatinginTXSprouts.Thehypothesisisthatparentswillsignificantlyunderestimateoverweight/obesestatusoftheirchild.Methods:Baselinedatawillbecollectedfromwave1andwave2ofTXSprouts,whichisalargerandomizedgardening,nutrition,andcookingcontrolledtrialfor3rd,4th,and5thgradestudentsfrom16low-income,predominatelyHispanicelementaryschools.Thefollowingmeasureswillbeobtainedatbaselineonapproximately2,0003rd-5thgradestudents(8-10yearsofage):demographics(age,ethnicity),heightviastadiometer,weightandbodyfatviaTanitascale,andparentalreportofchild’sheightandweightviasurvey.DatawillbeanalyzedusingSPSS(version22,p<0.05).T-testswillbeperformedtoassesstherelationshipbetweenparentalassessmentofweightstatuscategoryandactualweightstatuscategory.Implications:Thesefindingswillshedlightonhowaparent’sassessmentofchildweightstatusrelatestoactualchildweightstatus.Thisinformationcanbeusedtoimprovefutureinterventionsaimedtopreventchildhoodobesitythroughparentalinvolvementandinfluence.

ABSTRACT#20HomeEnvironmentFactorsThatInfluencePre-DiabetesRatesInLow-IncomeHispanicChildrenDavidRihn,supervisedbyDr.JaimieDavis&FionaAsigbeeBackground:Non-whiteracialandethnicgroupsaredisproportionatelyaffectedbyType2diabetes(T2D).Itisestimatedthatby2050oneoutofthreepeoplewithinthispopulationwillhaveT2D.Fewstudieshaveexaminedhowthehomeenvironmentcontributestothechild'sriskforpre-diabetesandT2D.Additionally,mostpre-diabetesrelatedstudiesfocusonadultsubjects,leavingpre-diabetesratesinchildrenanundiscoveredareaofresearch.Objectives/Hypothesis:Thepurposeofthisstudyistocharacterizethehomeenvironmentandfamily-basedsocialinteractionsofschool-agedchildrentodetermineifthesefactorsareassociatedwithpre-diabetes.Approximately40%ofwave1participantswerepre-diabetic.Itisexpectedthatnearly800childreninwave2willhavepre-diabetes;therefore,itishypothesizedthateconomicallydisadvantagedchildrenofsingleparentswillhavehigherpre-diabetesanddiabetesrates.ExperimentalApproach/Results:Baselinedatafromwave1andwave2ofTXSprouts,whichisacluster-randomizedgardening,nutrition,andcookingtrialdeliveredtolow-income,primarilyHispanic3rd-5thgradestudents,willbeused.Parentaldemographicsviaparentsurvey,childanthropometrics(bodymassindex,waistcircumference,bodyfatpercentage),anddiabetesprevalenceviafastingblooddrawwillbeusedforanalyses.Childrenwillbecharacterizedasnormalorpre-diabeticusingAmericanDiabetesAssociationcutpointsforfastingbloodglucose(FBG)and/orHbA1cvalues:FBGvalues>100-126mg/dLandHbA1cbetween5.7-6.4%.DatawillbeanalyzedusingSPSSandcleanedfornormality.Descriptivestatisticsandcorrelationswillbeperformedtodetermineifthereisarelationshipbetweentheparentaldemographicsandpre-diabetesratesofchildren.Conclusions:Resultsfromthisstudycanbeusedtodeterminewhichparentaldemographicsarelinkedtopre-diabetesinchildren(7-10yearsofage),whichwillinformfutureinterventionworktotargetspecificatriskpopulations.

ABSTRACT#21DetermininghowObesityPrevalenceImpactsPrediabetesRatesinYoungChildrenCarolineMcFarlandBackground:Prediabetesischaracterizedbyelevatedbloodglucoselevelsbetween>100-126mg/dL.Individualswithprediabetesareatahigherriskfordevelopingtype2diabetes(T2D)andcardiovasculardisease,andobesityisoftenassociatedwithincreasedriskofprediabetes.Over30%ofoverweight/obeseHispanicadolescentshavebeenshowntohaveprediabetes;however,fewstudieshaveexaminedprediabetesratesinyoungerchildren.Objectives:Thepurposeofthisstudyistoassesstheimpactofobesityprevalenceonprediabetesratesusingfastingbloodglucoselevelsinyoungchildren(7-10yearsofage).Itishypothesizedthattherewillbeapositivecorrelationbetweenoverweight/obesityprevalenceratesandprediabetesrates.Methods:DatafrombaselineTXSproutswaves1and2willbeusedforthisanalysis,whichincludesapproximately2,0003rd-5thgradestudentsfrom12schoolsparticipatinginalarge-schoolbasedgardening,nutrition,andcookingrandomizedcontrolledtrial.Anestimated50%ofenrolledchildrenareexpectedtoparticipateintheblooddraws.Allethnicities/raceswillbeincluded;however,theselectedschoolsare>50%Hispanic.Thefollowingbaselinemeasureswillbecollected:heightviastadiometer,weightandbodyfatviaTanitascale,andfastingglucoseviablooddraw.BMIparameterswillbecalculated.DatawillbeanalyzedusingSPSS,P<0.05.Chi-squareanalyseswillbeperformedtoassessdifferencesinoverweight/obesityprevalenceratesandprediabetesrates.Implications:Understandingtheimpactofoverweight/obesityprevalenceratesonprediabetesratesinyoungchildrenwillprovidevaluableinformationtoaidinclinicalscreeningpracticesforchildrenandindevelopingfutureinterventionstargetingprediabetes.

ABSTRACT#22TheRelationshipBetweenFastingBloodGlucoseandHbA1cValuesinAssessingPrediabetesinElementarySchoolChildren��

MadelineM.Borel�

Background:Anincreasingnumberofadolescentsandadultsarebeingdiagnosedasprediabeticorwithtype2diabetes(T2D).ThereislimitedresearchregardingtheonsetofT2Dinchildrenanditisunclearwhichmethodsofdiagnosisaremostaccurate.

Objectives:Thepurposeofthisstudyistoassessandcomparefastingbloodglucose(FBG)valuesandHemoglobinA1c(HbA1c)valuesinordertoascertainprediabetesratesofparticipants.InitialFBGvaluesfromwave1on412subjectsrevealedthat46%wereprediabeticandwehypothesizedthatprediabetesrateswillbeslightlylowerusingHbA1ccutpoints.

Methods:DatawillbecollectedfromTXSproutsbaselinewave2data,alargeschoolbasedgardening,nutrition,andcookingrandomizedcontrolledtrialoflow-income,primarily

Hispanic3rd-5thgradestudents(8-10yearsofage).Anthropometrics(height,weight,BMIparameters)willbemeasuredandanoptimalfastingblooddrawwillbeperformedimmediatelyinthemorningtoassessHbA1candFBGonanexpectedgroupof500children.ParticipantswillbecharacterizedasprediabeticaccordingtotheAmericanDiabetesAssociationdefinitions:FBGvalues>100-126mg/dLandHbA1c5.7-6.4%.Datawillfirstbeexaminedfornormalityandlogtransformationswillbemadeifdataisnotnormal.Subsequently,t-testswillberuntoexaminedifferencesbetweenFBGandHbA1cvalues(SPSSversion22).Chi-squaretestswillberuntoexaminedifferencesinprediabetesprevalenceratesusingbothcut-points.

Implications:Findingswillhelpvalidateprediabeticratesinparticipantsfromwave1.ComparingthesebloodmeasurementswillhelpdetermineifFBGandHbA1cvaluesareusefulvariablestodiagnoseprediabeticchildren.

ABSTRACT#23Obesity-InducedEnrichmentofStem-likeCellsintheBreastTumorMicroenvironmentChristopherHsu,1AnnaHayden,1ElizabethEichman,1DuanQuach,1BrittanyHarlow,1GloriaGalván,1AndrewBrenner,2ChrisJolly,1LindadeGraffenried11TheUniversityofTexasatAustin2UTHealthScienceCenteratSanAntonioBackground:Breastcancerrepresentsthesecondleadingcauseofcancer-relatedmortalityamongwomenintheUnitedStates,andmostdeathsaretheresultofmetastasisandtherapeuticfailure.Obesebreastcancerpatientshaveahigherriskofamoreaggressivediseasecomparedtoleanpatients,althoughthemechanismscausingobesity-drivenprogressionarenotwellunderstood.However,severalstudiessuggestthatobesityplaysaroleininducinga“stem-like”phenotype,andourpreliminarydatasuggesta“reprogramming”occurs,transformingwelldifferentiatedcellstoamorestem-likephenotype.Inaddition,earlierstudieshaveshownthatexposuretoobeseserainbothMCF-7andT47DcellsincreasesexpressionofTWISTandSNAIL,bothknownEMTtranscriptionfactorswithapotentialroleinstem-cellreprogramming.Hypothesis:Obesityinducesdiseaseprogressionthroughepigeneticreprogrammingofbreastepithelialcellstowardsamorestem-likephenotype.ExperimentalApproach:FlowcytometrywillbeusedtodetermineifexposuretoobeseseraenrichesforaCD44+/CD24-/lowandALDH1+populationinthesewelldifferentiatedluminalAcells.Additionally,qPCRwillbeusedtomeasuretheexpressionlevelsoffactorsassociatedwithstem-cellandEMTprogramming,includingKLF4,OCT4,SOX2,andNANOG,andthemiRNAsmiR-221/222,miR-760,andtheLet-7family.Conclusions:Resultsfromthecurrentstudieswilllayanimportantfoundationforunderstandinghowobesitymodulatesbreastcancerdiseaseprogression,andunderstandingofthefactorsandmechanismsbywhichobesityconfersamorestem-likephenotypewillresultintheacquisitionoftherapeutictargets,resultingintreatmentsthatimproveresponseandsurvivalintheobesepatient.

ABSTRACT#24ModulationofFASNUnderObeseConditions

AliOberman1andIrene(Kyurim)Kim1,TommyPham2,ChristopherJolly1,DavidCavazos2,AndrewBrenner2,AlejandraDeAngulo1,LindadeGraffenried1

1TheUniversityofTexasatAustin�2TheUTHealthScienceCenteratSanAntonio

Introduction:Obesityisassociatedwithaworsebreastcancerprognosis,inpartthroughalteringmetabolismincellsofthebreasttumormicroenvironment.Inparticular,changesinmetabolismassociatedwithfattyacidutilizationhavebeennotedinseveraltypesofcancer.ChangesinexpressionandactivityoftheFattyAcidSynthaseenzyme(FASN),canmodulatetumorbehavior.FASNregulatestumorbehaviorbymodulatingbeta-oxidationenergyutilizationandplasmamembranesignaling.Previousstudiesinourlabhavedemonstratedthatexposuretoobeseconditionsinducessignificantchangesinbreastcancercellproliferation.Additionally,obesitymodulatesactivityofothercellswithinthebreasttumormicroenvironment,includingadipocytes..WehypothesizethatobesityinducesbreastcancerproliferationthroughregulationofFASN.FASNmaybeaviabletargettolimitobesity-inducedbreastcancerprogression.

Methods:FASNhasbeenshowntopromotecancercellproliferationthroughgeneratingfattyacidprecursorsrequiredforcellproliferation,alteringmembranefluidity,andactivatingoncogenicsignalingpathways.TodetermineifmodulationofFASNisanimportantmechanismbywhichobesitypromotesdiseaseprogression,MCF-7breastcancercellsandhumanpre-adipocytecells(ASC)wereexposedto2%serafromobesepostmenopausalwomenand2%serafromnon-obese(control)women.

Results:ExposuretotheobeseseraresultedinincreasedexpressionofFASNinMCF-7breastcancercelllines,PreliminaryresultsalsodemonstratedthatFASNinhibitorinhibitsobesity-inducedbreastcancercellgrowth.

Conclusions:OurfindingsindicatethatobesitypromotesupregulationofFASNinMCF-7breastcancercells.WealsofoundthatusingaFASNinhibitoriseffectiveinlimitingcancercellproliferation.ThegoalofourstudyistodemonstrateifFASNisanimportantmechanismbywhichobesitypromotesdiseaseprogression,TheresultsofthesestudieswillprovideabetterunderstandingofhowobesityalterstheproductionofFASN,thusmakingbreastcancermoreaggressive.FASNinhibitorsmaybeanoveltargetfortreatingandpreventingbreastcancerinobesesubjects.

ABSTRACT#25

AndrogenReceptorActivationbyCREB1/FoxA1ActivityContributestoObesity-InducedProstateCancerProgressionAlejandroCasco,GloriaGalvan,DuanKhahnQuach,Dr.LindadeGraffenriedBackground:Androgendeprivationtherapy(ADT)isthefirstlinetherapyforrecurrentprostatecancer(PC)andishighlyeffectiveatearlystages.Unfortunately,androgenreceptor(AR)activitybeginstoincreaseovertime,andeventuallyprogressesinanandrogen-independentmanner.Studiesindicatethatcomparedtonon-obesemen,obesemenshowgreaterratesofrecurrenceandincreasedratestoCRPCafterADT.Inthisstudy,weattempttoelucidatethemechanismsbehindtheseincreasedratesforobesemen.Hypothesis:EpigeneticchangesfacilitateARbindingtotargetgenepromotersExperimentalApproach:WewilldeterminewhetherobesityupregulatesFoxA1activity,LNCaPcellswillbetreatedwithvarioustreatmentsincludingobesesera,non-obesesera,andinsulin-likegrowthfactor1(IGF-1).WewilltheninvestigateifthereisanincreasedinteractionbetweenthepioneerfactorforkheadboxproteinA1(FoxA1)andtheARbyco-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)intheprostatecancerLNCaPcellline.WewillalsodeterminewhethercAMPresponsiveelementbindingprotein1(CREB1)–whichfacilitatesFoxA1bindingtoDNA–contributessignificantlytoincreasedARactivityundertheseobeseconditions.TheAR/DNAbindingwillbeanalyzedbychromatin-immunoprecipitationfollowedbyquantitativepolymerasechainreaction(qPCR)analysis.WesuspectIGF-1tobethecompounddrivingincreasedARactivityinobeseindividualsasitisknowntobeupregulatedinobeseindividualsandplaysanimportantroleforARactivationandFoxA1/DNAbindingstability.qPCRanalysisofubiquitinconjugatingenzymeE2(UBE2C)levels–aknowntargetgeneforFoxA1andAR–willbeusedtoconfirmincreasedARactivityunderobeseconditionsduetoepigeneticchanges.Results:ExposuretoserafromobesemeninduceshigherlevelsofUBE2Ccomparedtoserafromnon-obesemen.Conclusions:ObeseconditionsinduceFoxA1/ARactivity,potentiallythroughIGF-1.TheproposedmechanismcouldprovideinsightofanovelmechanismbywhichtheobesestatepromotestherateofPCrecurrence.

ABSTRACT#26

Tumor-AssociatedMacrophageConcentrationasaPotentialBiomarkerto

DistinguishIndolentfromAggressiveProstateCancer

Presenter(s): ChristianJohnson

Collaborator(s): ChristianJohnson,GloriaC.Galván,LindaA.deGraffenried

Department(s): DepartmentofNutritionalSciences,DellPediatricResearchInstitute

Background:Whileprostatecancerremainsaleadingcauseofcancer-relateddeathsamongmenintheUS,mostprostatecancersareindolent,anddonotrequireaggressiveinterventiontoimproveoverallsurvival.However,unlikeseveralcancertypes,therearenoreliablebiomarkersfordistinguishingindolentfromaggressivedisease,resultinginsignificantovertreatment,decreasedqualityoflife,andincreasedmedicalcarecosts.Hypothesis:Basedonpreliminaryfindings,tumorassociatedmacrophages(TAMs)areapotentiallyimportantdrivingfactorinprostatecancerprogression;thus,TAMconcentrationmayserveasapotentialbiomarkertodistinguishindolentfromaggressiveprostatecancer.Approach:WewillexamineTAMconcentrationsinbothamousemodelofprostatecancerpreviouslygeneratedinourlaboratoryaswellashumantumorspecimensfromtheUTHSCSAProstateTumorRepository.InordertoinvestigateifadifferenceinTAMconcentrationsbetweendifferentmousesamplescanforetelltheoccurrenceofindolentandaggressiveprostatecancer,weemployedH&Estainingtoassessthetumorsample’scomposition,andthenutilizedImmunohistochemistrytostainforTAMs.TheF4/80antigenwasusedtoidentifymacrophagesingeneral,andtheCD206antigenusedtoidentifyM2/TAMspecificmacrophages.Results:Itispredictedthatifamousetissuesampleinthispilotstudyisfoundtohavehigherconcentrationsoftumorassociatedmacrophages,thenthismousewillgoontoexperiencemoreaggressiveprostatecancer.Earlyfindingsinthisstudyprovidedsomevalidationtothishypothesis.Inahighversuslow-gradecomparisonofmousetumortissues,wefoundthatthehigh-gradeprostatecancerexpressedahigherconcentrationofTAMsonaveragethanthelow-gradeprostatecancer,servingasproofoftheaforementionedclaims.

ABSTACT#27TheRatioofOmega-3toOmeg-6PUFAsImpactCancerCellPhenotypeintheTumorMicroenvironmentLauraWinikka,DuanQuach,BrittanyHarlow,AndrewBrenner,NathalieMunoz,StefanoTiziani,LindadeGraffenriedBackground:Studieshaveshownthatobesityisassociatedwithaworsebreastcancerprognosis.Besidestheeffectofdifferentstagesofdiagnosisandco-morbidities,recentdatafromourpublishedinvitroandretrospectivestudiessuggeststhatthisphenomenonmayoccurbecausetheobesestatepromotesamoreaggressivecancerphenotypethroughthecyclooxygenase(COX-2)pathwayanditsproductionofprostaglandinE2(PGE2).Themetabolizationofomega-3fattyacidsdecreasestheproductionofPGE2,andhasbeenshowntohavepotentialbenefittocancerpatientsbydecreasinginflammation-relatedsignaling.Objective/Hypothesis:Ourpreviousclinicaltrialshowedmixedresultsintheeffectofomega-3PUFAsupplementsonPGE2productioninpost-menopausalobesewomen.Thisledustothehypothesisthattheratioofomega-3toomega-6PUFAshavedifferentialeffectsoncelltypeswithinthetumormicroenvironment,impactingcancercellphenotype.ExperimentalApproach:Invitroexperiments,includingwound-healingassaystodeterminemotility,andclonogenicassaystodetermineoverallsurvival,wereperformedtodetermineifexposuretohigherratiosofomega-6toomega-3fattyacidsleadtoamoreaggressivecancerphenotype.MCF-7breastcancercellsweretreatedwiththefollowingfattyacidratiosofomega-6(arachidonicacid(AA))toomega-3(eicosapentaenoicacid(EPA)anddocosahexaenoicacid(DHA)):46:1,20:1,10:1,and1.3:1.Results:Thewound-healingassaysshowedgreatermotilitywithhigherratiosofomega-6toomega-3fattyacidsconditionsandtheclonogenicassaysshowedgreatersurvivalwiththehigherratios.Conclusions:Thesedataindicatethatloweringratiosofomega-6toomega-3fattyacidsmaylessentheaggressivenessofbreastcancercellsandbebeneficialtosomepatients.Studiesareon-goingtoinvestigateindirecteffectsfrommodulationoftheothercellswithinthetumormicroenvironment,includingthemacrophagesandadipocytes,asthesecellshavebeenshowntoproducemorePGE2.Throughintercellularcommunication,thesecellsmayfurtherinduceamoreaggressivephenotypeinbreastcancercellswhenexposedtohigherratiosofomega-6toomega-3fattyacids.