nw01 - fundamentals of ethernet/ip network technology
TRANSCRIPT
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PUBLIC INFORMATION
Fundamentals of EtherNet/IP™ Network Technology
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Agenda
3
OSI Layers 1–7
OSI Reference Model
EtherNet/IP™ – Single Industrial Network Technology
Plant-wide / Site-wide Network Architectures
Additional Information
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Industrial Applications ConvergenceIndustrial Network Trends
5
Controller
Drive Network
Safety Network
I/O Network
Plant/Site Network
Disparate Network Technology
Information I/O, DriveControl
SafetyApplications
ProcessPower
Control
Multi-discipline Industrial Network Convergence
HighAvailability
EnergyManagement
Safety I/O
Single IndustrialNetwork Technology
Camera
Controller
VFDDrive
HMI
I/OPlant/Site
Instrumentation
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Network Technology ConvergenceSingle Industrial Network Technology
6
Multi-discipline Industrial Network Convergence
Process ControlDiscrete ControlInformation TechnologyIntelligent Motor Control
Convergence of Industrial Automation Technology (IAT)
with Information Technology (IT)
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EtherNet/IP: “IP” - Industrial ProtocolSingle Industrial Network Technology
7
ODVA Supported by global industry leaders such as Cisco Systems®,
Omron, Schneider Electric®, Bosch Rexroth AG,
Endress+Hauser and Rockwell Automation®
Conformance and Performance Testing
Standard IEEE 802.3 - standard Ethernet, Precision Time Protocol (IEEE-1588)
IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force, standard Internet Protocol (IP)
ODVA - Common Industrial Protocol (CIP™)
IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission – IEC 61158
IT Friendly and Future-Ready (Sustainable)
Multi-discipline control and information platform
Established - products, applications and vendors
www.odva.org
What’s the difference? EtherNet/IP EtherNet/IP
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Single Industrial Network TechnologyOSI 7-Layer Reference Model
9
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
Network Services to User App
Encryption/Other processing
Manage Multiple Applications
Reliable End-to-End DeliveryError Correction
Packet Delivery, Routing
Framing of Data, Error Checking
Signal type to transmit bits,pinouts, cable type
CIPIEC 61158
IETF TCP/UDP
IETF IP
IEEE802.3/802.1
TIA - 1005
Routers
Switches
Cabling
Layer Name Layer No. Function Examples
What makes EtherNet/IP industrial?
Physical Layer
Hardening
Infrastructure Device
Hardening
Common Application
Layer Protocol
5-Layer TCP/IP Model
CIPIEC 61158
Open Systems Interconnection
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Coexistence Interoperability
OSI Reference ModelProtocol Stack
10
TIA - 1005
CIP
Modbus TCP
IEC 61850
HTTP
RTP
Coexistence
Function
IETF TCP/UDP
IETF IP
IEEE802.3/802.1
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer NameLayer No.
Data Link
Physical
Layer 2
Layer 1
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OSI Reference ModelProtocol Stack
11
Application - CIP Layer 7 Application - CIP
Presentation - Null Layer 6 Presentation - Null
Session – Null Layer 5 Session - Null
Transport – TCP/UDP Layer 4 Transport – TCP/UDP
Network – IP Layer 3 Network - IP
Data Link - Ethernet Layer 2 Data Link - Ethernet
Physical - Ethernet Layer 1 Physical - Ethernet
Sender Receiver
DecapsulationEncapsulation
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Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer NameLayer No.
Data Link
Physical
Layer 2
Layer 1
OSI Reference ModelProtocol Stack
12
TIA - 1005
CIP
Encapsulation Decapsulation
Studio 5000®RSLinx® Classic
ControlLogix®Function
IETF TCP/UDP
IETF IP
IEEE802.3/802.1
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OSI Reference ModelProtocol Stack Example - Encapsulation
13
CIPTCP Header Segment
CIPTCPIP Header Packet
CIPTCPIPEnet Header Frame
Physical LayerEthernet Frame is sent out the PHY
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer NameLayer No.
Data Link
Physical
Layer 2
Layer 1
CIP PayloadEncaps
The Ethernet message structure is a concatenation of protocols EtherNet/IP™ defines an Encapsulation protocol that sets up the TCP resources
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OSI Reference ModelPhysical Layer Independent
14
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1 Copper
CIP
Physical Layer Independent
Layer NameLayer No. Function
IETF TCP/UDP
IETF IP
IEEE802.3/802.1
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IETF TCP/UDP
IETF IP
IEEE802.3/802.1
OSI Reference ModelPhysical Layer Independent
15
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1Physical Layer
Independent
CIP
Layer NameLayer No. Function
Fiber
Data Link
Physical
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IEEE802.3
Fiber
IEEE802.11
Wi-Fi
IETF TCP/UDP
OSI Reference ModelData Link Layer Independent
16
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
CIP
Data Link LayerIndependent
Layer NameLayer No. Function
Standard IP provides Portability and seamless Routing
IETF IP
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OSI Reference ModelOpen Systems Interconnection
17
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Vendor Specific
Vendor Specific
Layer NameLayer No. Function
IE Protocol
Data Link
Physical
Layer 2
Layer 1
IEEE802.3/802.1
TIA - 1005
Limits Portability and Routability,
May require additional assets
to forward information throughout
the plant-wide / site-wide architecture
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OSI Reference ModelOpen Systems Interconnection
18
Vendor Specific
Vendor Specific
Function
IE Protocol
Vendor Specific
TIA - 1005
Non-standard Ethernet,
will require additional assets
to connect into
the plant-wide/site-wide architecture
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer NameLayer No.
Data Link
Physical
Layer 2
Layer 1
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OSI Reference ModelNetwork Independent
19
Layer 7
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
Layer No.
NetworkIndependent
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OSI 7-Layer Reference ModelSingle Industrial Network Technology
20
Similar sounding network devices, services and terms exist at Layer 2 (L2) and Layer 3 (L3) – for example, Connections, QoS, Resiliency, Security
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
Network Services to User App
Encryption/Other processing
Manage Multiple Applications
Reliable End-to-End DeliveryError Correction
Packet Delivery, Routing
Framing of Data, Error Checking
Signal type to transmit bits,pinouts, cable type
CIPIEC 61158
IETF TCP/UDP
IETF IP
IEEE802.3/802.1
TIA - 1005
Routers
Switches
Cabling
Layer Name Layer No. Function Examples
CIPIEC 61158
Open Systems Interconnection
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Layer 1 – Physical LayerAlliances
21
Design and implement a robust physical layer
Environment Classification - MICE
More than cable Connectors
Patch panels
Cable management
Noise mitigation Grounding, Bonding and Shielding
Standard Physical Media Wired vs. Wireless
Copper vs. Fiber
UTP vs. STP
Singlemode vs. Multimode
SFP – LC vs. SC
Standard Topology Choices Switch-Level and Device-Level
Cable SelectionENET-WP007
Industrial Ethernet Physical Infrastructure Reference
Architecture Design Guide
ODVA Guide
Fiber GuideENET-TD003
21
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Layer 1 – Physical LayerMedia
22
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Layer 1 – Physical Layer
23
Responsible for converting a frame, Layer 2 output, into signals to be transmitted over the physical
network (electrical, light, RF)
It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier, including defining cables,
cards and physical aspects.
LAN or WAN Physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, physical connectors
Ethernet examples: 100Base-TX, 100Base-SX, 100Base-FX,
1000Base-SX, 1000Base-LX
Other PHY examples: RS-232
T1, E1
ISDN
802.11
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Layer 1 - Physical Layer Auto-negotiation vs. Manual Settings
24
Pulses detect Link speed
and integrity
(10/100/1000)
Negotiate Full/Half Duplex
Negotiate optional
features (like MDIX)
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Layer 1 - Physical Layer Auto-Negotiation vs. Manual Settings - Summary
25
Choice of auto-negotiation or manual settings for speed and duplex is often driven by customer
standards and policies
Duplex mismatch is a common source of network performance issues Auto-negotiation failure on a 100 Mbps copper link defaults to half-duplex mode
Auto-negotiation failure on a 1 Gbps copper link defaults to full-duplex mode
CPwE Reference Architectures Recommendations Be consistent
Do not mix auto-negotiation and manual settings between ports on the same link
Always verify speed and duplex using the tools that you have
Auto-negotiation of speed and duplex is recommended for:
On ports between switches and EtherNet/IP devices
Manual setting of speed and duplex is recommended for:
Use fiber media and SFPs for all inter-switch links
On ports (copper link) between infrastructure devices such as switches and routers
On ports between switches and servers
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Layer 1 – Physical LayerEN2TR Example
26
RSLinx® ClassicModule Configuration
EN2TR web pageNetwork Settings
RSLogix™ 5000 EN2TR Properties
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Layer 1 – Physical LayerInfrastructure – Active Devices
27
A repeater recreates the incoming signal and retransmits it without noise or distortion that may have affected the signal as it was transmitted down the cable.
Repeaters were available on legacy Ethernet to increase the overall length of the network and allow additional nodes to be added.
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Layer 1 – Physical LayerInfrastructure – Active Devices - Media Converters
28
Fiber link
Fiber link
Use Caution!
Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP)
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Layer 1 – Physical Layer Topology - Linear
29
LinearDevice-Level
LinearSwitch-Level
Layer 2 Access Link
Layer 2 Interswitch Link/802.1Q Trunk
Layer 3 Link
Layer 2 Access SwitchStratix 5700™/Stratix 8000™
Multi-Layer SwitchLayer 2 and Layer 3Stratix 8300™, Stratix 5700™
Layer 3 RouterStratix 5900™
Layer 2 BridgeStratix 5100™ as WGB
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Layer 1 – Physical Layer Topology – Star and Redundant Star
30
Star Redundant Star
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Layer 1 – Physical Layer Topology - Ring
31
Ring
Device-Level Ring
Switch-Level
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Layer 2 – Data Link802.3/802.1 – Ethernet – Local Area Network (LAN)
32
Standard Ethernet frames
Short frame - 64 bytes = 512 bits
Long frame - 1518 bytes = 12144 bits
MAC (802.3) lower sublayer controls how a device on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it.
Ethernet Media Access: CSMA/CD
Layer 2 Examples:
LAN - 802.3, 802.5, 802.11
WAN – HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, EoMPLS (service providers)
Layer 2 Protocols and Services Examples
QoS – Quality of Service
VLAN – Virtual Local Area Network
Resiliency and Security
Data (Payload) FCSSADASFD Type/Len
Ethernet Frame
Pre
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Layer 2 – Data LinkHardware Addressing
33
All devices on Ethernet communicate using the Ethernet address for the device. This address is
sometimes referred to as the “hardware”, “burned-in (BIA)” or “MAC address” (MAC stands for Media
Access Controller)
The hardware address is a unique (in the world) 6-byte (48 bits) address that is embedded in the
circuitry of every device that sits on an Ethernet network. First 3 bytes identify a specific vendor.
Every vendor of Ethernet products obtains their own unique address range - organizationally unique
identifier (OUI) Allen-Bradley® is 00:00: BC:XX:XX:XX and 00:1D:9C:XX:XX:XX
Representations - 00:00:BC:03:52:A9, 00-00-BC-03-52-A9, 0000.BC03.52A9
Note that each digit of the MAC address is a hex number (range 0-F)
http://www.techzoom.net/tools/check-mac.en
MAC Decoder
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Layer 2 – Data LinkLAN Transmission Methods
34
Unicast A method by which a frame is sent to a single destination.
Multicast A technique that allows copies of a single frame to be passed to a selected subset of possible
destinations.
Example: 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CC (Cisco Discovery Protocol – CDP)
Broadcast A frame delivery system that delivers a given frame to all hosts on the LAN.
FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
Examples – ARP, DHCP
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Layer 2 - Data LinkBridging
35
A bridge is a device that isolates traffic between segments by selectively forwarding frames to their
proper destination. It is transparent to the network and protocol independent
Similar to the repeater, the bridge isn’t used much any more, but more advanced devices that perform
the bridging function are commonly used
Ethernet Ethernet
Ethernet Token Ring
AccessPoint
Work Group Bridge
Bridge
Bridge
Ethernet Ethernet
EtherNet/IP DeviceNetBridge
Layer 2
Layer 3 Layer 7
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Layer 2 - Data LinkL2 Switching
36
Layer 2 Switch - Multi-port Bridge
Examples - Stratix 5700™, Stratix 8000™ and Stratix 6000™
All ports are in the same broadcast domain
Forwards frames that are based on the destination MAC address
and a MAC table
CAM Table – content addressable memory Learns a device location by examining source address
Sends out all ports when destination address is broadcast, multicast, or
unknown address
Forwards and filters when destination is located on different interface
Managed switches provide Layer 2 features, such as
segmentation (VLAN tag), security, QoS, resiliency, and so forth
1
68
LAN
Controller
HMI
Drive I/O
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Layer 2 - Data LinkSwitching – Embedded Switch Technology
37
2-port Embedded Switch
Port 1 Port 2
Linear Device-level Topology
Ring Device-level Topology
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Layer 2 - Data LinkSwitching – Embedded Switch Technology
38
Note that the ControlLogix® and CompactLogix™ L4x platforms can support multiple network
interface cards (NICs) to segment network traffic. However, the CompactLogix 5370 platform is not
capable of this method of network segmentation. The two ports of the CompactLogix 5370 PAC are
part of an embedded switch, not a dual NIC.
ENxTR ENxT’s
= ≠PHY PHY
= ≠
CompactLogix™ 5370 ControlLogix® ControlLogix®
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Layer 2 - Data LinkSwitching Options
39
• Industrial versus COTS - Panel and DIN Rail Mounting vs. Table and Rack (for example, 1RU)
• Managed versus Unmanaged
Advantages Disadvantages
Managed Switches
Unmanaged
Switches
ODVA Embedded
Switch Technology
Loop prevention
Security services
Diagnostic information
Segmentation services (VLANs)
Prioritization services (QoS)
Network resiliency
Multicast management services
Inexpensive
Simple to set up
More expensive
Requires some level of support and configuration to start up
No loop prevention
No security services
No diagnostic information
No segmentation or prioritization services
Difficult to troubleshoot
No network resiliency support
Cable simplification with reduced cost
Ring loop prevention and Network resiliency
Prioritization services (QoS)
Time Sync Services (IEEE 1588 PTP Transparent Clock)
Diagnostic information
Multicast management services
Limited management capabilities
May require minimal configuration
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Layer 2 – Data LinkEN2TR Example
40
EN2TR web pageMAC Address
EN2TR web pageEthernet Statistics
RSLinx® ClassicEN2TR DiagnosticsEthernet Statistics
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Layer 2 – Data LinkEtherNet/IP™ Is Standard
41
MAC addressing - 00:00:BC:XX:XX:XX & 00:1D:9C:XX:XX:XX
Transmission types: unicast, multicast and broadcast
Ethertype Common – for example, IPv4, ARP
ODVA embedded switch beacon for DLR - Ethertype - 0x08E1
Layer 2 services example QoS – CoS
Data (Payload) FCSSADASFD Type/Len
Ethernet Frame
Pre
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Layer 3 – NetworkInternet Protocol (IP) Packet
42
This layer provides switching and routing technologies, creating logical paths, which are known as
virtual circuits, for transmitting data from node to node
Routing and forwarding are functions of this Layer, and addressing, and internetworking.
IP Address (host, network), Subnet Mask, Default Gateway
Layer 3 Protocol Examples: ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol
IPsec – Internet Protocol Security
IGMP – Internet Group Management Protocol
Routed protocol vs. Routing Protocol vs. Router Redundancy
Layer 3 Services Examples QoS – Quality of Service, Resiliency, Security
ID Offset TTL Proto HCS IP SA IP DA DataLenVersion
/Len ToSByte
IPv4 Packet
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Layer 3 – Network – IPv4 and IPv6
43
IPv4 32 binary (0-1) digits, 32 bits, four 8-bit fields (octets), dotted-decimal notation (DDN) 4,294,467,295 possible
addressable nodes
Example:
192.168.1.1
IPv6 32 hex (0-F) digits, 128 bits, eight 16-bit hexadecimal fields that are separated by colons (:)
3.4 * 1038 possible addressable nodes
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
5 * 1028 addresses per person (6.5 billion people)
Example:
2001:0DB8:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210
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Layer 3 – Network – IPv4 and IPv6
44
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
340 Undecillion 1036
282 Decillion 1033
366 Nonillion 1030
920 Octillion 1027
938 Septillion 1024
463 Sextillion 1021
463 Quintillion 1018
374 Quadrillion 1015
607 Trillion 1012
431 Billion 109
768 Million 106
211 Thousand 103
456 100
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Layer 3 – Network – IPv4LAN Transmission Methods
45
Unicast A method by which a packet is sent to a single destination
Multicast A technique that allows copies of a single packet to be passed to a selected subset
of possible destinations
224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255
EtherNet/IP™ IP Multicast Address Range: 239.192.0.0 - 239.195.255.255
Broadcast A packet delivery system that delivers a given packet to all hosts on the LAN
255.255.255.255
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Layer 3 – NetworkInternet Protocol Address
46
Fixed or assigned from a pool?
What type of server? If assigning from a pool
Unique Network Identity
Resolves Hostnames to IP addresses on the network
“User-Friendly” Name to identify a node on the network
46
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Option Description Advantages Disadvantages
Static
Hardware
Devices that are hard coded with an IP
AddressSimple to commission and replace
In large environments, can be burdensome to maintain
Limited ranged of IP addresses and subnet
Not all devices support
Static via BOOTP
Configuration
Server assigns devices IP addresses
Precursor to DHCPSupported by every device
Requires technician to configure IP address/MAC address
when a device is replaced
Adds complexity and point of failure
DHCPServer assigns IP addresses from a
pool (NOT RECOMMENDED for
industrial devices)
Efficient use of IP address range
Can reduce administration work
load
More complex to implement and adds a point of failure
Devices get different IP addresses when they reboot
DHCP Option 82Server assigns consistent IP
addresses from a pool (NOT
RECOMMENDED)
Efficient use of IP Address range
Can reduce administration work
load
More complex to implement and adds a point of failure
Mixed environments may not work
DHCP port-based
allocation
Automatically assign IP address per
physical switch port
Efficient use of IP Address range
Eases commissioning and
maintenance in large
environments
Requires some maintenance and upkeep, on a per switch
basis
Layer 3 – NetworkIP Addressing Schema
47
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Layer 3 – NetworkIP Forwarding – L3 Switching
48
Layer 3 switches and routers use the network portion of IP addresses
to forward (route) packets
Switch/route packets by Network Address.
Stratix 5700™ (Connected and Static Routing), Stratix 8300™
(Connected, Static and Dynamic Routing)
A routing table is kept that tells the device that port a message should
be transmitted out in order to get the message to the proper network
If the particular network is not directly attached to that device,
it will simply forward the message to the next Layer 3 switch
or router (based on routing table) in the path for further routing
Time-to-live (TTL) RA EtherNet/IP™ implementation for
multicast – TTL=1
RA EtherNet/IP implementation for
unicast – TTL=64NW03 - EtherNet/IP Layer 3 Networking Capabilities
10.17.10.0
10.10.10.0
1
2
Network
Routing Table
Port
Default Gateway10.10.10.110.17.10.1
VLAN 17Subnet 10.17.10.0/24Controller 1
VLAN 10Subnet 10.10.10.0/24Controller 2
10.17.10.56
10.10.10.56
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Demonstration ScenarioSingle Hop Routing
Source Destination
172.16.40.254 10.10.10.50
0024.8c00.8308 unknown
Source Destination
172.16.40.254 10.10.10.50
0024.8c00.8308 e490.6919.5b44
Source Destination
172.16.40.254 10.10.10.50
e490.6919.5b41 0000.bc5a.d056
VLAN40 VLAN10
172.16.40.254
0024.8c00.8308
10.10.10.50
0000.bc5a.d056
Packet
Stratix 8300™Default Gateway
e490.6919.5b44 e490.6919.5b41
50
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Layer 3 - NetworkIP Forwarding - Routing
50
Switch/route packets by Network Address
Stratix 5900™ Services Router
Extend network distance LAN, MAN, WAN
Connect different LANs Broadcast control
Multicast control, EtherNet/IP
multicast not routable - TTL=1
Layer 3 features such as security,
QoS, resiliency,.
Make sure that IT understands required
protocols Is there a need to route to other subnets?
Multicast traffic?
Security or segmentation?
WAN
Default Gateway10.10.10.110.17.10.1
VLAN 17Subnet 10.17.10.0/24
VLAN 10Subnet 10.10.10.0/24
10.17.10.56
10.10.10.56
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Layer 3 – NetworkRouter and Routing
51
Routed protocols Examples:
Internet Protocol (IP)
Novel Netware Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)
Routing Types Connected, Static, Dynamic and Default
Dynamic Routing Protocols Routers talking to routers
Maintaining optimal network topology/path to subnets, and forwarding packets along those paths
Examples:
OSPF – Open Shortest Path First, IETF Standard (Link-State Routing)
EIGRP – Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, Cisco innovation (Distance
Vector Routing)
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Layer 3 – NetworkRouter and Routing
52
Router Redundancy Protocols Fault tolerance for default gateways
Examples:
VRRP – Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, IETF Standards
HSRP – Hot Standby Router Protocol , Cisco® innovation
GLBP – Gateway Load Balancing Protocol, Cisco innovation
Catalyst 3750x Switch Stack
HSRPActive
HSRPStandby
Stratix 8300™
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Layer 3 – NetworkEN2TR Example
53
EN2TR web pageARP Table
EN2TR web pageIP Statistics
RSLogix™ 5000EN2TR PropertiesPort Diagnostics
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Layer 3 – NetworkEtherNet/IP Is Standard
54
Standard IPv4
Transmission types: unicast, multicast and “ip directed-broadcast”
Routing
Connected, Static and Dynamic
TTL
Unicast - 64
Multicast - 1
Layer 3 service example
QoS – ToS - DSCP
ID Offset TTL Proto HCS IP SA IP DA DataLenVersion
/Len ToSByte
IPv4 Packet
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Layer 4 – TransportSegment
55
This layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or devices, and is responsible
for end-to-end error recovery and flow control
User Datagram Protocol - UDP
Provides applications with access to the
network layer without the overhead of
reliability mechanisms
Operates as a connectionless protocol
Provides limited error checking
Provides best-effort delivery
Provides no data recovery features
Transmission Control Protocol – TCP
Access to the network layer for applications
Connection-oriented protocol
Full-duplex mode operation
Reliable delivery – acknowledgement
of receipt
Session multiplexing
Error checking, data recovery features
Segmentation, sequencing of data packets
Flow control
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Layer 4 – TransportSegment
56
User Datagram Protocol - UDP Connectionless/best effort
Does not use acknowledgements
IP - Unicast and Multicast
CIP™
Class 1 (Implicit) I/O and P/C connections
Port 2222
Transmission Control Protocol - TCP Connection-oriented, end-to-end reliable transmission
Uses acknowledgements (ACK) to help ensure
reliable delivery
IP - Unicast
CIP
Class 3 (Explicit) messaging such as Operator Interface
Port 44818
UDP Header
TCP Header
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Layer 4 – TransportSegment
57
Well-know ports – assigned by IANAhttp://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
Application Port Type Value Description
FTP-Data TCP 20 File Transfer Protocol (data port)
FTP TCP 21 File Transfer Protocol (control port)
SSH TCP 22 Secure Shell
Telnet TCP 23 RFC 854 Telnet
SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transport Protocol
HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTPS TCP 443 HTTP over SSL
DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name System
TFTP UDP 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol
SNMP UDP 161 Simple Network Management Protocol
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Layer 4 – TransportPorts and Sockets
58
Knowledgebase Answer# 29402
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Communications
Module
TCP connections CIP™ Connections
1756-ENBT 64 128
1756-EN2T 128 256
1756-EN2TR 128 256
1756-EN3TR 128 256
1756-EN2F 128 256
ENET-UM001G-EN-P EtherNet/IP™ Modules in Logix5000™ Control Systems…. provide connection and packet rate specs for modules
Layer 4 – TransportControlLogix® Module Connection Support (Partial List)
59
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Layer 4 – TransportEN2TR Example
60
EN2TR web pageDiagnostic Overview
EN2TR web pageTCP Connection
EN2TR web pageUDP Statistics
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Layer 4 – TransportEtherNet/IP Is Standard
61
Standard IETF TCP and UDP
Standard IETF TCP and UDP Port Usage
UDP Header
TCP Header
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Layer 7 – Application Common Industrial Protocol
Bonjour?Hi.
I’m great.
Hello. How are you?Guten tag?
PLANT/SITE
MACHINE/SKID
• Standard IEEE 802.3/802.1 Ethernet
• Standard IETF TCP/IP Protocol Suite
• Common Network Services
• Common Industrial Protocol62
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Layer 7 – Application Common Industrial Protocol
63
• CIP uses object modeling to describe
devices
• Device Profiles define the communication
view of a device
• Electronic Data Sheets (EDS)
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Layer 7 – Application CIP – Object Modeling - Example
64
Object (Class): Discrete Input
Instances
Attributes
Value:
Status:
Off_On Delay
On_Off Delay
Channel 0 Channel 7
1
0
20
15
0
1
20
15
• • • • • • • • •
I/O Device
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Layer 7 – ApplicationCIP Objects
65
Connection Objects model the communication characteristics of a particular application to
application(s) relationship In EtherNet/IP™ these are actually several objects
Connection
Device #2Device #1
“ConnectionObjects”
“ConnectionObjects”
ApplicationObject
ApplicationObject
SensorActuator Controller
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CIP SafetyLayer 7 - Application
66
CIP™ Extension - IEC 61508 – SIL3 and EN 954-1 - Cat 4
High-integrity Safety Services and Messages for CIP Data redundancy - data sent twice (actual and inverted)
Safety CRC redundancy – actual and inverted
End-to-end Safety CRCs - individual CRCs for data (actual and inverted)
and overall message
Every packet is time that is stamped
Two behaviors must be implemented: Real-time transfer of safety data
Safety Validator Object
Client (Device producing safety data)
Server (Device consuming safety data)
Safety Messages
Configuration of safety devices
Safety Supervisor Object Originator (Device originating connection)
Target (Target of connection origination)
SafetyOpen, SafetyOpen Response
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CIP SafetyLayer 7 - Application
67
Safety I/O
Safety I/OSafety I/O
InstrumentationI/O
Safety Controller
Safety ControllerController
CameraHMI
VFD
Catalyst 3750StackWise
Catalyst 2960
FactoryTalk®
Server
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CIP SyncLayer 7 - Application
68
CIP™ Extension
Defines time synchronization services and object for CIP Networks
Allows distributed control components to share a common notion
of time
Implements IEEE-1588 precision clock synchronization protocol Referred to as precision time protocol (PTP)
Provides +/- 100 ns synchronization (hardware-assisted clock)
Provides +/- 100 µs synchronization (software clock)
Time Synchronized Applications such as: Input time stamping
Alarms and Events
Sequence of Events (SOE)
First fault detection
Time scheduled outputs
Coordinated Motion
FTP HTTP OPC SNMP
IP
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
OSPF ICMP IGMP
RARPARP
UDP
CIP
TCP
Layer 1–2
Layer 3
Layers 5–7
Layer 4
Synchronized
Clock Value
Optional
Hardware
Assist
1588
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Integrated Motion on the EtherNet/IP network Layer 7 - Application
69
Traditional approach to motion control - Network Scheduling (time-slot)
Integrated Motion on the EtherNet/IP™ network approach - Pre-determined Execution Plan for position
path, which is based on a common understanding of time between the motion controller and drives…
where to be and at what time
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Integrated Motion on the EtherNet/IP Network Layer 7 - Application
70
• CIP™ Extension
• Controller and Drive Profiles
• Motion Axis Object
Safety I/O
Safety I/O
Controller
Safety Controller
I/O
Camera Servo Drive
Instrumentation
VFD
HMI
Controller
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Layer 7 – ApplicationEN2TR Example
71
EN2TR web pageDiagnostic Overview
EN2TR web pageDiagnostic Overview
RSLinx® Classic - EDS
RSLinx® ClassicEN2TR DiagnosticsConnection Manager
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Application RequirementsNetwork Technology Convergence - Performance
72
Source: ARC Advisory Group
What is real time? Application dependent….. only you can define what this means for your application.
Function
Information Integration,
Slower Process Automation
Time-criticalDiscrete Automation
Motion Control
CommunicationTechnology
.Net, DCOM, TCP/IP Industrial Protocols - CIP
Hardware and Software solutions, for example, Integrated
Motion on the EtherNet/IP network, PTP
Period 10 ms to 1000 ms 1 ms to 100 ms 100 µs to 10 ms
IndustriesOil & Gas, chemicals,
energy, water
Auto, Food & Beverage, semiconductor,
Metals, pharmaceuticalSubset of discrete automation
ApplicationsPumps, compressors,
mixers, instrumentationMaterial handling, filling,
labeling, palletizing, packagingPrinting presses, wire drawing,
web making, pick and place
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Network Technology ConvergenceSingle Industrial Network Technology - Performance
74
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet @ 100 Mbps, full-duplex, Switched Network
1 bit = 10 ns (1 byte = 80 ns)
Ethernet frame size varies from Short frame - 64 bytes = 512 bits
Long frame - 1518 bytes = 12144 bits
Some of the Ethernet frame is counted separately
Preamble and Start Frame Delimiter (SFD) = 64 bits
Interframe Gap = 96 bits
Theoretical throughput for Ethernet @ 100 Mbps, full-duplex, Switched Network Short frame with 64 bytes ≈ 148,000 frames/second
Long frames with 1518 bytes ≈ 8,000 frames/second
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Network Technology ConvergenceSingle Industrial Network Technology - Performance
75
EtherNet/IP™ @ 100 Mbps (IEEE 802.3 Ethernet), full-duplex, Switched Network
Total header size for an EtherNet/IP I/O frame is 64 bytes EtherNet/IP implicit message connection adds 18 bytes
User Datagram Protocol adds 8 bytes
Internet Protocol adds 20 bytes
Ethernet Protocol adds 18 bytes
Frame length (short frame) for an EtherNet/IP implicit message is: 64 byte + I/O data size (bytes)
Typical I/O data sizes for implicit messages are < 36 bytes
Theoretical throughput for EtherNet/IP @ 100 Mbps, full-duplex, Switched Network Typical I/O frame size (64 byte + 36 byte I/O data) ≈ 104,000 frames/second
Maximum I/O frame size (64 byte + 511 byte I/O data) ≈ 21,000 frames/second Normal CIP Forward_Open
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Network Technology ConvergenceSingle Industrial Network Technology - Performance
76
EtherNet/IP™ Throughput Example
Controller exchanges 36 bytes of I/O data with
10 I/O Adapters with a 1 ms Requested Packet
interval (RPI) RPI = 1 ms
1,000 frames/second in each direction
Each I/O Adapter must be able to:
Consume 1,000 frames/second
Produce 1,000 frames/second
The Controller must be able to:
Consume 10,000 frames/second
Produce 10,000 frames/second
Design considerations that you should consider
Performance of Controller Maximum # of Adapters (CIP Connections)
Minimum RPI (how fast)
Maximum I/O Data Size per RPI
Performance of Adapters Minimum RPI (how fast)
Maximum I/O Data Size per RPI
Network Infrastructure Latency and Jitter
Speed / Duplex Mismatch
Physical Environment – for example, EMI
Interference
This represents about 10% of the total network bandwidth
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Plant-wide / Site-wide Network Architectures
77
Isolated Network with Single Controller (ODVA)
Examples Equipment Builder Solution
(Machine or Process Skid)
Star
Linear
HMI
I/O I/O
VFDDrive
HMI
I/O
I/O
Instrumentation
VFDDriveHMI
I/O
I/OVFDDrive
VFDDrive
Instrumentation
VFDDrive
Ring
ControllerServoDrive
Controller
ControllerServoDrive
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Plant-wide / Site-wide Network Architectures
78
Isolated Network with Multiple Controllers (ODVA)
Examples Integrated Equipment Builder Solutions
Single Cell/Area Zone, Multiple
Machines/Lines or Skids/Areas
Stratix 8300™
Star
Ring
Linear
VFDDrive
HMI
I/O I/O
VFDDrive
HMII/O
I/O
Instrumentation
Controller
VFDDriveHMI
I/O
I/O
ServoDrive
VFDDrive
VFDDrive
Controller
ControllerServoDrive
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Plant-wide / Site-wide Network Architectures
79
Connected and Integrated Control System (ODVA)
Examples Integrated Equipment Builder Solutions or End-User Plant-wide / Site-wide Network
Single Cell/Area Zone, Multiple Machines/Lines, Multiple Skids/Areas
VFDDrive
HMI
Stratix 8000™/Stratix 8300™REP
Class 1 & 3
Camera
SafetyController
ServoDrive
I/OSafety I/O
Camera
Controller
VFDDrive
HMI
HMI
I/O
Controller
I/O
I/O
Controller
I/O
Industrial ZoneLevels 0-3
VLAN 17Subnet 10.17.10.0/24
VLAN 10Subnet 10.10.10.0/24
VLAN 16Subnet 10.16.10.0/24
Convergence-Ready
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Converged Plantwide Ethernet (CPwE) Reference Architectures
80
Physical or Virtualized Servers• FactoryTalk® Application Servers and
Services Platform• Network Services – for example DNS,
AD,DHCP, AAA
• Call Manager• Storage Array Remote
AccessServer
Physical or Virtualized Servers• Patch Management• AV Server• Application Mirror• Remote Desktop Gateway
Server
Catalyst 3750XStackWise
Switch Stack
Linkfor Failover Detection
Firewall(Active)
Firewall(Standby)
HMI
Cell/Area Zone - Levels 0–2Redundant Star Topology - Flex Links Resiliency
Unified Wireless LAN
Cell/Area Zone - Levels 0–2Linear/Bus/Star Topology
Autonomous Wireless LAN
IndustrialDemilitarized Zone
(IDMZ)
Enterprise ZoneLevels 4 and 5
Rockwell Automation®Stratix 5700/8000
Layer 2 Access Switch
ASA 5500
Industrial ZoneLevels 0–3
Catalyst6500/4500
Phone
Controller
Camera
Safety Controller
Robot
Soft Starter
Cell/Area Zone - Levels 0–2Ring Topology - Resilient Ethernet Protocol (REP)
Unified Wireless LAN
I/O
Plant Firewalls• Inter-zone traffic segmentation• ACLs, IPS and IDS• VPN Services• Portal and Remote Desktop Services
proxy
Wide Area Network (WAN)Physical or Virtualized Servers• ERP, Email• Active Directory (AD), AAA – Radius• Call Manager
Enterprise
SafetyI/O
ServoDrive
Instrumentation
Level 3 - Site Operations
Internet
External DMZ/ Firewall
HMI
Active
AP
SSID5 GHz
WGB
SafetyI/O
Controller
WGB
LWAP
SSID5 GHz
WGB
LWAP
Controller
LWAP
SSID2.4 GHz
Standby
5500Wireless
LAN Controller (WLC)
UCS
Catalyst2960
Cell/Area ZoneLevels 0–2
Cell/Area ZoneLevels 0–2
Drive
RADIUS(AAA) Server
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Plant-wide / Site-wide Network Architectures: Site-to-Site Connection
81
Broad geographic area
WAN Examples: Point-to-Point Link – PSTN Leased Lines – T1, E1
Circuit Switching - ISDN
Packet Switching - Frame Relay, Broadband DSL, Broadband Cable
Higher Latency Use case examples – HMI and Data Collection
WAN
PSTN
Remote Site Plant Site
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Plant-wide/Site-wide Network Architectures: Site-to-Site Connection
82
Enterprise-wideBusiness Systems Enterprise Zone
Levels 4 & 5 – Data Center
Physical or Virtualized Servers• FactoryTalk® Application Servers and Services
Platform• Network Services – for example, DNS, AD, DHCP,
AAA• Remote Access Server (RAS)• Call Manager• Storage Array
IDMZ - Level 3.5
Plant-wide / Site-wideOperation Systems
Site-to-SiteConnection
Remote Site #1Skid / Machine
Local Skid / Machine #1
Industrial ZoneLevels 0–3
Level 3 - Site Operations
Cell/Area Zone - Levels 0-2Ring Topology - Resilient Ethernet Protocol (REP)
Local Skid / Machine #2
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EtherNet/IP Advantage Summary
83
Single industrial network technology for: Multi-discipline Network Convergence - Discrete, Continuous Process, Batch, Drive, Safety, Motion, Power, Time
Synchronization, Supervisory Information, Asset Configuration/Diagnostics, and Energy Management
Established Risk reduction – broad availability of products, applications and vendor support
ODVA: Cisco Systems®, Endress+Hauser, Rockwell Automation® are principal members
Supported – Defined QoS priority values for EtherNet/IP™ devices
Standard – IEEE 802.3 Ethernet and IETF TCP/IP Protocol Suite Enables convergence of IAT and IT – common toolsets (assets for design, deployment and troubleshooting) and
skills/training (human assets)
Topology and media independence – flexibility and choice
Device-level and switch-level topologies; copper - fiber - wireless
Portability and routability – seamless plant-wide / site-wide information sharing No data mapping – simplifies design, speeds deployment and reduces risk
Common industrial application layer protocol DeviceNet™, ControlNet™ and EtherNet/IP - seamless bridging throughout CIP networks
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Additional MaterialCPwE Reference Architectures
84
Websites Reference Architectures
Design Guides Converged Plantwide Ethernet (CPwE)
Deploying the Resilient Ethernet Protocol (REP) in a
Converged Plantwide Ethernet Architecture
Deploying 802.11 Wireless LAN Technology within a
Converged Plantwide Ethernet Architecture
Application Guides Fiber-optic Infrastructure Application Guide
Whitepapers Top 10 Recommendations for Plant-wide EtherNet/IP Deployments
Securing Manufacturing Computer and Controller Assets
Achieving Secure Remote Access to plant-floor Applications and Data
Design Considerations for Securing Industrial Automation and Control System Networks
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Additional MaterialTraining and Certifications
85
Cisco® Industrial Networking Specialist
Training and Certification E-learning modules (pre-learning courses)
Control Systems Fundamentals for Industrial
Networking (ICINS)
Networking Fundamentals for Industrial
Control Systems (INICS)
Classroom training Managing Industrial Networks with Cisco
Networking Technologies (IMINS)
Exam 600–601 IMINS
CCNA for Industrial Applications -
Training and Certification Training - TBD
Exam - TBD
Industrial IP Advantage E-learning modules
CPwE Design Considerations and
Best Practices
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Industrial IP Advantage
86
A ‘go-to’ resource for educational information
about industrial network communication and
using standard Internet Protocol (IP) for
industrial applications
Community of like-minded companies –
Cisco®, Panduit®, and Rockwell
Automation®
Receive monthly e-newsletters with
articles and videos on the latest trends Network Design eLearning course available for TechEd Attendee promotional price!
Sign up today at www.industrial–ip.org
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Additional MaterialTraining and Certifications
87
http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/training-index.html
ICND1
ICND2
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PUBLIC INFORMATION
www.rockwellautomationteched.com
Fundamentals of EtherNet/IP™ Network Technology
Cisco and Cisco Systems are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. Schneider Electric is a trademark of Schneider Electric group of companies. Panduit is a trademark of the Panduit Corporation. CIP, ControlNet, DeviceNet and EtherNet/IP are trademarks of the ODVA.