nycdoeg2mathcarolsnumbers final

7/21/2019 NYCDOEG2MathCarolsNumbers Final

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GRADE2 MATH: CAROLS NUMBERSUNIT OVERVIEW

The mathematics of the unit involves understanding the meaning of base ten and using that understanding tosolve number and real life problems. The number line is used as a tool to help articulate understanding ofbase ten and to solve problems using addition and subtraction of numbers less than one hundred. The bigidea is for students to understand and use groups of ten. Strategies will involve applying number propertiesincluding distributive, associative, and commutative.

TASK DETAILS

Task Name: Carols Numbers

Grade: 2

Subject: Math

Task Description: The final performance assessment is entitled Carols Numbers. The mathematics of the taskinvolves understanding the meaning of base ten and using that understanding to compare the magnitude ofnumbers. The number line is used as a tool to help articulate understanding of base ten.

Standards Assessed:

2.NBT.1 Understand that the three digits of a three-digit number represent amounts of hundreds, tens, andones; e.g., 706 equals 7 hundreds, 0 tens, and 6 ones.2.NBT.3 Read and write numbers to 1000 using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form. 2.NBT.4 Compare two three-digit numbers based on meanings of the hundreds, tens, and ones digits, using >,=, and < symbols to record the results of comparisons.2.MD.6 Represent whole numbers as lengths from 0 on a number line diagram with equally spaced pointscorresponding to the numbers 0, 1, 2, ..., and represent whole-number sums and differences within 100 on anumber line diagram.

Standards for Mathematical Practice:MP.1 Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. MP.3 Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.

MP.6 Attend to precision.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS The task and instructional supports in the following pages are designed to help educators understandand implement tasks that are embedded in Common Core-aligned curricula. While the focus for the2011-2012 Instructional Expectations is on engaging students in Common Core-aligned culminatingtasks, it is imperative that the tasks are embedded in units of study that are also aligned to the newstandards. Rather than asking teachers to introduce a task into the semester without context, this workis intended to encourage analysis of student and teacher work to understand what alignment looks like.We have learned through the 2010-2011 Common Core pilots that beginning with rigorous assessments

drives significant shifts in curriculum and pedagogy. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) support isincluded to ensure multiple entry points for all learners, including students with disabilities and Englishlanguage learners.

PERFORMANCE TASK: CAROLS NUMBERS ..................................................................................... 3

UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING (UDL) PRINCIPLES ................................................................... 6

RUBRIC............................................................................................................................................ 8

SCORING GUIDE ................................................................................................................. 9

PERFORMANCE LEVEL DESCRIPTIONS .............................................................................. 10

ANNOTATED STUDENT WORK ...................................................................................................... 11INSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORTS .......................................................................................................... 29

UNIT OUTLINE .................................................................................................................. 30

INITIAL ASSESSMENT: STUDENT STORE .. ............. 36

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: STRATEGIES FOR USING BASE TEN ....................................... 38

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: GOT YOUR NUMBER ............................................................. 71

SUPPORTS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE LANGUAGE LEARNERS ........................................................ 78

SUPPORTS FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES ............................................................................. 81


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GRADE 2 MATH: CAROLS NUMBERSPERFORMANCE TASK

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COMMON CORE CURRICULUM EMBEDDED TASK

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GRADE2 MATH: CAROLS NUMBERSUNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING (UDL)

PRINCIPLES

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Carols Numbers - Math Grade 2 Common Core Learning Standards/

Universal Design for Learning

The goal of using Common Core Learning Standards (CCLS) is to provide the highest academicstandards to all of our students. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a set of principles thatprovides teachers with a structure to develop their instruction to meet the needs of a diversity oflearners. UDL is a research-based framework that suggests each student learns in a unique manner.A one-size-fits-all approach is not effective to meet the diverse range of learners in our schools. By

creating options for how instruction is presented, how students express their ideas, and howteachers can engage students in their learning, instruction can be customized and adjusted to meetindividual student needs. In this manner, we can support our students to succeed in the CCLS.

Below are some ideas of how this Common Core Task is aligned with the three principles of UDL;providing options in representation, action/expression, and engagement. As UDL calls for multipleoptions, the possible list is endless. Please use this as a starting point. Think about your own groupof students and assess whether these are options you can use.

REPRESENTATION : The what of learning. How does the task present information and content in

different ways? How students gather facts and categorize what they see, hear, and read. How arethey identifying letters, words, or an author's style?

In this task, teachers can Offer alternatives for visual information by allowing for a competent aide or

intervener to read directions aloud.

ACTION/EXPRESSION : The how of learning. How does the task differentiate the ways thatstudents can express what they know? How do they plan and perform tasks? How do studentsorganize and express their ideas?

In this task, teachers can Vary the methods for response and navigation by providing alternatives for

physically responding to performance tasks in Carols Numbers by using teacher-madenumber cards to demonstrate understanding of the tasks.

ENGAGEMENT: The why of learning. How does the task stimulate interest and motivation forlearning? How do students get engaged? How are they challenged, excited, or interested?

In this task, teachers can Minimize threats and distractions by varying the level of visual stimulation, such as

limiting the number of items presented at a time.

Visit http://schools.nyc.gov/Academics/CommonCoreLibrary/default.htm to learn more information about UDL.

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GRADE2 MATH: TASK CAROLS NUMBERSRUBRIC

The rubric section contains a scoring guide and performance level descriptions for the Carols Numbers

task.

Scoring Guide : The scoring guide is designed specifically to each small performance task. The pointshighlight each specific piece of student thinking and explanation required of the task and helpteachers see common misconceptions (which errors or incorrect explanations) keep happening acrossseveral papers. The scoring guide can then be used to refer back to the performance leveldescriptions.

Performance Level Descriptions : Performance level descriptions help teachers think about the overallqualities of work for each task by providing information about the expected level of performance forstudents. Performance level descriptions provide score ranges for each level, which are assessed usingthe scoring guide.

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Grade 2 Math: Carols Numbers

Carols Numbers Scoring Guide

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Grade 2 Math: Carols Numbers

Rubric

Performance Level Descriptions and Cut Scores

Performance is reported at four levels: 1 through 4, with 4 as the highest.

Level 1: Demonstrates Minimal Success (0 1 point)The students response shows few of the elements of performance that the tasks demand as defined bythe CCSS. The work shows a minimal attempt on the problem and struggles to make a coherent attackon the problem. Communication is limited and shows minimal reasoning. The students response rarelyuses definitions in their explanations. The students struggle to recognize patterns or the structure of theproblem situation.

Level 2: Performance Below Standard (2 4 points)The students response shows some of the elements of performance that the tasks demand and somesigns of a coherent attack on the core of some of the problems as defined by the CCSS. However, theshortcomings are substantial and the evidence suggests that the student would not be able to producehigh-quality solutions without significant further instruction. The student might ignore or fail to addresssome of the constraints of the problem. The student may occasionally make sense of quantities inrelationships in the problem, but their use of quantity is limited or not fully developed. The studentresponse may not state assumptions, definitions, and previously established results. While the studentmakes an attack on the problem it is incomplete. The student may recognize some patterns orstructures, but has trouble generalizing or using them to solve the problem.

Level 3: Performance at Standard (5 6 points)For mo st of the task, the students response shows the main elements of performance that the tasksdemand as defined by the CCSS and is organized as a coherent attack on the core of the problem. There

are errors or omissions, some of which may be important, but of a kind that the student could well fix,with more time for checking and revision and some limited help. The student explains the problem andidentifies constraints. The student makes sense of quantities and their relationships in the problemsituations. S/he often uses abstractions to represent a problem symbolically or with other mathematicalrepresentations. The student response may use assumptions, definitions, and previously establishedresults in constructing arguments. S/he may make conjectures and build a logical progression ofstatements to explore the truth of their conjectures. The student might discern patterns or structuresand make connections between representations.

Level 4: Achieves Standards at a High Level (7 - 8 points)The students response meets the demands of nearly all of the tasks as defined by the CCSS, with fewerrors. With some more time for checking and revision, excellent solutions would seem likely. Thestudent response shows understanding and use of stated assumptions, definitions and previouslyestablished results in constructing arguments. The student is able to make conjectures and build alogical progression of statements to explore the truth of their conjecture. The student responseroutinely interprets their mathematical results in the context of the situation and reflects on whetherthe results make sense. The communication is precise, using definitions clearly. The student looksclosely to discern a pattern or structure. The body of work looks at the overall situation of the problemand process, while attending to the details.

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GRADE2 MATH: CAROLS NUMBERSANNOTATED STUDENT WORK

This section contains annotated student work at a range of score points and implications forinstruction for each performance level (excluding the expert level). The student work andannotations are intended to support teachers, showing examples of student understandings andmisundertandings of the task. The annotated student work and implications for instruction can

be used to understand how to move students to the next performance level.

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Student A Level 4 (Score 8) Page 2

The studentcorrectly placesthe numbers onthe number lineand thenexplains theprecise distanceseach number isfrom the other.2NBT.4, 2MD.6MP2, MP3.

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Student B Level 4 (Score 8)

The studentsexplanation of how toconstruct the smallest

number indicatesstrong knowledge ofplace value.Articulating theprocess ofdetermining thesmallest digitavailable and thenputting in thehundreds place issophisticated thinking

at this grade.2.NBT.1&4 MP3

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Student B Level 4 (Score 8) Page 2

The studentaccuratelyplaces thenumbers onthe numberline and thenexplains that31 is almost(in the middle)between 21and 42,indicatingknowledge ofquantities.2NBT.4,2MD.6, MP2

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Level 3: Performance at Standard (Score Range 5 - 6)For most of the task, the student s response shows the main elements of performance that the tasksdemand and is organized as a coherent attack on the core of the problem. There are errors or omissions,some of which may be important, but of a kind that the student could well fix, with more time forchecking and revision and some limited help. The student explains the problem and identifies

constraints. The student makes sense of quantities and their relationships in the problem situations.S/he often uses abstractions to represent a problem symbolically or with other mathematicalrepresentations. The student response may use assumptions, definitions, and previously establishedresults in constructing arguments. They may make conjectures and build a logical progression ofstatements to explore the truth of their conjectures. The student might discern patterns or structuresand make connections between representations.

Student C Level 3 (Score 6)

The studentcorrectly creates thelargest and smallestnumbers possibleout of the threecards. Theexplanation is shortbut doescommunicate leastto greatest,indicatingunderstanding andgood use ofvocabulary. 2NBT.4

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Student C Level 3 (Score 6) Page 2

The students location of 21

indcates fragileunderstanding ofnumbers on thenumber line. Itshould be locatedhalf way between 0and 42. The studentdoes show someunderstanding bycorrectly locating 31.The student explains

that 31 is between21 and 42. Thestudent reasonsquantitatively andprovides a clearexplanation of howthey thought.MP2 and MP3

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Student D Level 3 (Score 5)

The digits arecorrectlyplaced to makethe largest andsmallestpossiblenumbers. Theexplanationaddresses thesmallest and

largest digits,leaving thethird digit to beplaced bydefault. Thestudent impliesplace value andcomparison.2NBT.1 & 4

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Student D Level 3 (Score 5) Page 2

The studentmisplaced 21,but did place 31about halfwaybetween 21 and42. Thestudentsexplanationindicated all thereasoning wasconcentrated onplacing 31correctly. 2MD.6MP2

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Student E Level 3 (Score 5)

The studentfound thelargest andsmallest 3digitnumbers.Theexplanationmerelyrecalls theprocess thestudent used

to make thesmallestnumber, butdoes notexplain why.The studentneeds to byindicate ideassuch as leastor most. Thestudentsneeds toshow morequantitativereasoning.MP2

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Student E Level 3 (Score 5) Page 2

21 is misplaced. The student does explain why s/he placed31 correctly on the number line. The student needsadditional experiences in finding the mid-point between alarger number and zero. 2MD.6

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Level 3 Implications for InstructionStudents who met standard on the task can still improve their performance by being attentive toprecession and by making complete explanations. Students must learn to provide completeexplanations of their process and why it makes sense. Many of the students who met level 3 failed toplace 21 correctly on the number line. They seemed to fail to understand that 21 should be half way

between 0 and 42. On the other hand, most students could accurately use their placement of 21 to finda mid-way mark between its placement and 42 to locate 31. This may indicate that students havequantative reasoning about length when comparing smaller lengths (20) apart. These same studentshad trouble with longer distances (42) and perhaps dealing with 0 and an ending length.

Therefore, students need more practice with finding lengths on the number line. Student should locatenumbers on an open number line, learning to make relative judgements base on benchmark amounts.Students will benefit from engaging in number line math talks and measuring along a number line whenworking with numbers.

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Level 2: Performance below Standard (Score Range 2 - 4) The students response shows some of the elements of performance that the tasks demand and somesigns of a coherent attack on the core of some of the problems. However, the shortcomings aresubstantial, and the evidence suggests that the student would not be able to produce high-qualitysolutions without significant further instruction. The student might ignore or fail to address some of the

constraints. The student may occasionally make sense of quantities in relationships in the problem, buttheir use of quantity is limited or not fully developed. The student response may not state assumptions,definitions, and previously established results. While the student makes an attack on the problem it isincomplete. The student may recognize some patterns or structures, but has trouble generalizing orusing them to solve the problem.

Student F Level 2 (Score 4)

The studentsexplanation

restates what wasshown in part 4and 5. It does notexplain how tocreate thesmallest numberor how thestudent knows it isthe smallestnumber. Thestudent needsmore instructionaround creatingclear andcompletemathematicalexplanations. MP3

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Student F Level 2 (Score 4) Page 2

This work continues to show the trend of not beingable to accurately place 21 half way between 0 and 42,but still showing that 31 is about mid-way between 21

and 42. More quantitative reasoning is needed. 2MD.6,MP2

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Level 2 Implications for InstructionStudents need help in comparing the placement of numbers using 0 as a benchmark. The explanationsat this level are either incomplete or not focused on mathematical reasoning the make sense for thesituation. The students need learning experiences with number lines that start with zero.

Students can experiment with these ideas to develop a deeper conception of numbers, so that they maymore flexibly reason quantitatively. Instruction should involve more work on defining the relationshipsbetween length and the size of numbers. Students need experiences to construct learning forthemselves. Students should be asked to explain and justify their answers regularly in class to developmathematical argumentation. Examining and analyzing other students explanations is an importantexperience for students. It provides models and helps students discern important elements ofconvincing arguments.

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Level 1: Demonstrates Minimal Success (Score Range 0 1)The students response sh ows few of the elements of performance that the tasks demand. The workshows a minimal attempt on the problem and struggles to make a coherent attack on the problem.Communication is limited and shows minimal reasoning. The students response rarely uses d efinitionsin their explanations. The student struggles to recognize patterns or the structure of the problem

situation.

Student G Level 1 (Score 1)

The student musthave added theoriginal digits to find13 and then used it toindicate the largestdigit. The studentwas able to determinethe smallest (threedigit) number, butgoes on to explainthat 1 is the smallestpossible number. Thestudents explanationshowed a lack ofunderstanding whatthe problem entailed.The students needs to

focus on what theprompts are asking.

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Student G Level 1 (Score 1) Page 2

The studentshowed little

understanding ofthe prompt andseem to ignorethe values 21, 31and 85. Thestudent placedrandom numberson the numberline. They didseem to do so inan accuratemanner though.The explanationwas off the mark.This studentneeds additionalinstruction inunderstandingthe task promptsand addressingthem.

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Level 1 Implications for InstructionStudents need support in reasoning quantitatively. They may need to start with number lines and theidea of length equaling the size of a number. Students need experiences connecting numbers to theirlocation on the number line. Having students divide the distance between zero and the number to findthe location is important. The location of the number on the line is the equal to the number of

partitioned segments of length 1. Students need experiences in reasoning quantitatively aboutbenchmark numbers and their relate size to other numbers. One method successful students use is todetermine midway points as benchmark. They estimate about half to compare relative magnitude ofdifferent lengths. Students need learning experiences with number lines, including both closed andopen number lines.

Students need additional instruction and experiences in writing explanations that fully articulate theirunderstanding and justify their findings. Sharing models of good explanations are helpful. Havingstudents rewrite and revise explanations is essential. Having students read others explanations andcritiquing their reasoning raises the cognitive demand and helps students create sounder arguments.

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GRADE2 MATH: CAROLS NUMBERSINSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORTS

The instructional supports on the following pages include a unit outline with formative assessmentsand suggested learning activities. Teachers may use this unit outline as it is described, integrate partsof it into a currently existing curriculum unit, or use it as a model or checklist for a currently existing

unit on a different topic.

INSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORTS ....................... .......................... ......................... .......................... .. 29

UNIT OUTLINE ....................... ......................... .......................... .......................... .......... 30

INITIAL ASSESSMENT: STUDENT STORE ........................................................................ 36

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: STRATEGIES FOR USING BASE TEN .................................... 38

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: GOT YOUR NUMBER ......................................................... 71

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Grade 2 Math Unit Outline

IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN:: This unit outline provides an example of how teachers may integrateperformance tasks into a unit. Teachers may (a) use this unit outline as it is described below;

(b) integrate parts of it into a currently existing curriculum unit; or (c) use it as a model orchecklist for a currently existing unit on a different topic.

Second Grade Math: Strategies Using Base TenUUNNIITT TT OOPP IICC A ANNDD LLEENNGGTT HH ::

The mathematics of the unit involves understanding the meaning of base ten and using thatunderstanding to solve number and real life problems. The number line is used as a tool tohelp articulate understanding of base ten and to solve problems using addition andsubtraction of numbers less than one hundred. The focus is on the big idea around groupsof ten. Strategies will involve applying number properties including distributive,associative, and commutative. The units should run between 20 and 25 standard periods ofinstruction. Five of the periods will involve the pre-assessment (0.5 periods), introducingand supporting problem solving on the investigation (2 periods), teaching the formativeassessment lesson (2 periods, broken into smaller segments at the beginning of severallessons to adjust for grade appropriate attention span and learning styles) and the finalassessment (0.5 periods). This unit should be taught after or during the time students havelearned about base ten concepts, place value and operations on numbers.

CCOOMMMMOONN CCOORREE LLEE A ARRNNIINNGG SSTT A ANNDD A ARRDDSS:

2.NBT.1 Understand that the three digits of a three-digit number represent amounts ofhundreds, tens, and ones; e.g., 706 equals 7 hundreds, 0 tens, and 6 ones. Understandthe following as special cases:

o 1a 100 can be thought of as a bundle of ten tens called a hundred o 1b The numbers 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 refer to one, two,

three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine hundreds (and 0 tens and 0 ones). 2.NBT.3 Read and write numbers to 1000 using base-ten numerals, number names, and

expanded form. 2.NBT.4 Compare two three-digit numbers based on meanings of the hundreds, tens,

and ones digits, using >, =, and < symbols to record the results of comparisons. 2.NBT.6 Add up to four two-digit numbers using strategies based on place value and

properties of operations. 2.MD.6 Represent whole numbers as lengths from 0 on a number line diagram withequally spaced points corresponding to the numbers 0, 1, 2, ..., and represent whole-number sums and differences within 100 on a number line diagram.

MP.1 Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. MP.3 Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. MP.6 Attend to precision

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BB IIGG IIDDEE A ASS// EENNDDUURRIINNGG UUNNDDEERRSSTT A ANNDDIINNGGSS::

The big idea of the unit is to understandthe meaning of place value and

properties of operations to developstrategies for adding and subtracting.

The number line will serve as one modelfor helping to ground student thinkingabout place value and landmark valuesof groups of tens.

Students will be able to justify strategiesusing properties and models.

Students will represent strategies usingnumber sentences, models, and

drawings. Students will apply strategies to solve

one and two- step problems and expresstheir ideas using number sentences.

EESSSSEENNTTII A ALL QQUUEESSTT IIOONNSS::

What are the ways to compose anddecompose numbers, using place value, toaid in adding and subtracting numberswith ease? What situation types representaddition and subtraction?

CCOONNTT EENNTT :: The students will use knowledge of mathematicsto:

Think of numbers as sets of ten andextras

Fluently add and subtract within 20

using mental strategies Fluently add and subtract within 100using strategies based on place value,properties of operations, and/or therelationship between addition andsubtraction

Translate between models. Add and subtract using concrete models

or drawings including the number line. Explain why addition and subtraction

strategies work, using place value andproperties of operations.

Construct valid arguments. Critique the validity of arguments.

SSK K IILLLLSS:: Student s will understand:

How to represent and solve problemsinvolving addition and subtraction andunderstand the relationship between thetwo operations.

How to add and subtract within 20

How to use place value understandingand properties of operations to add andsubtract within 100

How to interpret the action of a situationto choose an appropriate operation forsolving a problem.

Make convincing arguments for whystrategies work using knowledge ofplace value and operations properties.

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A ASSSSEESSSSMMEENNTT EEVVIIDDEENNCCEE A ANNDD A ACCTT IIVVIITTIIEESS::

IINNIITTII A ALL A ASSSSEESSSSMMEENNTT :: The unit begins with the performance task Student Store . The task is designed to measure what

students bring to the unit in regards to their knowledge and skill at adding and subtracting two-digit numbers and the relationship between operations. The task allows the teacher to see whatstrategies the students know and to think about how they might be developed. The task also allowsmisconceptions about place value to surface. Please reference Student Store for full details.

FFOORRMM A ATT IIVVEE A ASSSSEESSSSMMEENNTT :: The Formative Assessment Lesson is entitled Strategies in Base Ten: Base Ten Number Talks . Tobe grade appropriate, the FAL is a series of seven number talks to be done over the course of theinstruction unit as warm ups before the regular instruction for the day. This allows students todigest the material over time. The FAL comes with complete teacher notes and the student pages.Please reference Base Ten Number Talks for full details.

FFIINN A ALL PP EERRFFOORRMM A ANNCCEE TT A ASSK K ::

The final performance assessment is entitled Carols Numbers . It should be administered during aclass period. Most students will complete the task in about 20 25 minutes, although time shouldnot be a factor. The teacher should provide a reasonable amount of time for all students to finish.The students should be allowed to use any tools or materials they normally use in their classroom.The task can be read to the students and all accommodations delineated in an IEP should befollowed. Please reference Carols Numbers for full details.

LLEE A ARRNNIINNGG PP LL A ANN && A ACCTT IIVVIITT IIEESS::

The investigation is entitled Got Your Number . It contains three separate but mathematicallyrelated problems labeled Level Primary A, Level A, and Level B. All students should start with theLevel Primary-A task and then proceed at their own speed to Level A and Level B. It is moreimportant for the student to work deeply on a level and complete a write up than to merely workthrough and find answers. It is the student s responsibility to be reflective and thorough in theirexplanations, findings and justifications. The investigation comes with administration and teachernotes, the expert investigation, report guidelines and rubric.

Number Talks A daily ritual with the entire class for the purposes of developing conceptualunderstanding of numbers, operations and mathematics. Number talks are used to:

Review and practice operations, procedures and concepts of numbers. Introduce concepts and properties about numbers. Reinforce procedures and number concepts.Explore connections about numbers.

Do a number talk every day but for only 10 minutes. A few minutes more often is better than a lotof minutes infrequently.

1. Ask questions such as:How did you think about that?How did you figure it out?

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What did you do next?Why did you do that? Tell me more.Who would like to share their thinking?Did someone solve it a different way?Who else used this strategy to solve the problem?

What strategies do you see being used?Which strategies seem to be efficient, quick, and simple?2. Give yourself time to learn how to:

Record student solutionsListen to and observe studentsCollect notes about student strategies and understanding

3. Name/label the strategies that emerge from your students:Use doublesBreak apart numbersMake it simplerUse landmark numbers (25, 50, 75, 200, etc)Use a model to helpUse what you already knowMake a 10 Start with the 10sThink about multiplesThink about moneyTraditional algorithmCounting on

4. Create a safe environment. When students feel safe, they are comfortable sharing answerseven when its different from everyone elses.

5. Give opportunities for students to think first .6. Encourage self- correction; its okay to change your mind, analyze your mist ake, and try

again.7. Give number talks time to become part of your classroom culture. Expect them to follow theusual learning curve stages. Keep on keeping on and you will get positive results.

Think/Write/Pair/Share is a high leverage strategy that respects individual time to process andorganize ideas before engaging in peer-to-peer discussion. This process can be used throughout theunit as a vehicle for students to self reflect, construct new meaning by building on the ideas ofothers, and strengthen their arguments.

Journal Entries for Reflection Using a prompt such as, How has my thinking changed as a result ofwhat I have discussed with my peers? or How can I improve my argument or explanation using

evidence and content vocabulary? can provide valuable opportunities for students to tweak theirown solutions during class, or for homework, and subsequently, to deepen their understanding ofcontent.

Purposeful Questioning and Feedback are instructional supports that can hel p refocus studentsattention to specific aspects of their work. Suggestions based on common difficulties students facedin their pre-assessment task, School Store for example can be easily modified to address similarmisconceptions revealed from other problems or tasks used. Please see the chart containingsuggested questions and prompts based on understandings/misunderstandings for reference.

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Points Understandings Misunderstanding Suggested Prompts andQuestions.

0 Less than one-half of apercent of the students didnot attempt this problem.

Calculating the correcttotal when adding andsubtracting was a strugglefor these students. Manydid not give a total for thetwo items added togethernor did they explain howthey got their answers forproblem 1 or 2.

How can you find howmuch it costs alltogether?Why did you pick theitems you did?How much totalmoney does Alishahave?Tell me how mucheach item costs?

1-2 Most of these studentslisted the names of twoitems that cost less than 70cents when added together.

Many of these papersreflected errors incalculations of additionand subtraction. Eitherno attempt was made to

explain the answer toeither the question or toprove how they knew thattheir answer was correct.

Show me how youadded those twoamounts?How did you find thisanswer?

Tell me how youfigured it out?Can you check youranswer to tellwhether you addedcorrectly?

3-4 Students scoring in thisrange could find two itemsand a correct total that wasless than 70 cents.

Finding correct changewas a struggle for thesestudents. They subtractedone item from anotherand erred when it wasnecessary to count up to70 cents, or subtractedincorrectly when theyneeded to rename 70cents to subtract.

Show me with moneyhow you too muchwas left over after theitems were paid for?Is there a way tofigure that out usingoperations?Can you check youranswer to tellwhether yousubtracted correctly?

5-6 In most cases, thesestudents were able to findthe correct change from 70cents. Occasionally, theircalculations whereincorrect, but theycorrectly showed a methodto arrive at the calculation.

Most of these studentswere unable to prove howthey arrived at the changefrom 70 cents, (i.e. ananswer was given, but nowork was shown).

How did you figurethis out, what did youdo?Write down what youwere thinking aboutwhen you found your

answer?Can you show me anumber sentence thatyou used to find youranswer?

Re-engagement: The unit begins with a pre-assessment called School Store . After the teacheranalyzes the student performances, deciding how to proceed through the lesson is important based

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on their performance. Instead of going back to re-teach skill or concepts lacking, it is much morepowerful for the teacher to use the work students have already done on a contextual problem tohelp them build upon their understanding from previous thinking. This process is called re -engagement. It is especially powerful to use student work because students become very engagedin the process of figuring out what someone else is thinking. The process of analyzing andcontrasting student thinking encourages cognitive demand and supports students to be morereflective about their own thinking. The re-engagement lesson will depend upon the results fromstudents in each individual class. Thus, each lesson will look very different from class to class.Students have already completed the task on their own and now the important ideas need to bebrought out and examined. In the process, students must have the opportunity to confront andunderstand the error in the logic of their misconceptions. Often, as teachers, we try to preventerrors by giving frequent reminders, such as line up the decimal point . However, errors actuallyprovide great opportunity for learning on the part of all students. Especially because s tudents dontlet go of misconceptions until they understand why they dont make sense. For the student, there isunderlying logic to their misconceptions.

Re-engagement Confronting misconceptions, providing feedback on thinking, going deeperinto the mathematics.1. Start with a foundational problem to bring all the students along; this allows students to

clarify and articulate important mathematics in order to better understand the entirety ofthe task.

2. Share different student approaches and ask all students to make sense of each strategy.Have all students compare the strategies to look for the mathematical connections andrelationships.

3. Have students analyze misconceptions and discuss why they dont make sense. In theprocess students can let go of the misconceptions and clarify their thinking about bigmathematical ideas.

4. Have students determine how a strategy could be modified to get the correct solution.Have them look for the seeds of mathematical thinking within selected student work.

RREESSOOUURRCCEESS:: Normal materials used in math class include manipulatives such as cards for matching

activity, square tiles, counters, and cm graph paper. All the materials referenced in the assessments, formative assessment lesson and expert

investigation are included. Most supplementary materials are located in the appendix,including the established scored benchmark papers and some student work examples.

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GRADE 2 MATH: CAROLS NUMBERSINITIAL TASK: STUDENT STORE

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Student Store

Alisha went to the student store at lunch.

She had 70. She bought 2 items. When she left the store, she had some change left.

1. Which two items could she have bought? _______________ and _______________.

Show how much they cost all together.

2. How much change did she have left? ___________________

Show how you figured it out.

Student Store

Pen 39Stickers 22Eraser 42Pencil 29Paper 32

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GRADE 2 MATH: CAROLS NUMBERFORMATIVE ASSESSMENT LESSON:

BASE TEN NUMBER TALKS

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Grade 2 Strategies Using Base Ten

Base Ten Number Talks

Silicon Valley Mathematics Initiative- 2011

Formative Assessment Lesson

Grade 2

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__________________________________________________________Strategies Using Base Ten: Base Ten Number Talks

___________________________________________Mathematical goalsThis lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to use addition andsubtraction strategies that relate to place value and to the properties of operations. Studentsshould develop a range of strategies and be able to explain why the strategies work. In particularthis unit aims to identify and help students who have difficulties with:

Choosing an appropriate operation for a problem situationUnderstanding regrouping with addition and subtractionEstimating the reasonableness of answersGeneralizing using numerical and visual toolsDescribing and explaining solutions clearly and effectively

Standards addressedThis lesson relates to the following Common Core State Standards:Second Grade Number and Operations in Base Ten: Fluently add and subtract within 100 using

strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship betweenaddition and subtraction.Second Grade Number and Operations in Base Ten: Explain why addition and subtraction

strategies work, using place value and the properties of operations.This lesson relates to the Mathematical Practices:

Modeling: Mathematically proficient students can apply the mathematics they know to solveproblems. This might mean at early grades being able to write an equation or problem todemonstrate a situation.Constructing Viable Arguments and Critiquing the Reasoning of Others: At the earlygrades, this might mean that students can compare their results with others. They mightfind ways to order and/or generalize about solutions. Others may find more than onesolution path to a given problem.

IntroductionThis lesson unit is structured in the following way:

Students work on their own, completing an assessment task that is designed to reveal theircurrent understanding and difficulties.Students work in seven number talk segments or warm-up sessions to be used over thecourse of the unit of study in number operations in base ten.1. During the number talks, students have individual think time to develop strategies on

their own, actively listen to the strategies of others and ask clarifying questions, learn toexplain why their strategies work or suggest logical reasons why a strategy won't workfor all cases.

2. Students are asked to try on key strategies to check for understanding.

3. Students are confronted with examples of student work and asked to make sense of astrategy and justify why it does or does not work.Students return to their original task and try to improve their own responses.

Materials requiredEach student will need one copy of the assessment task: Grandmothers BirthdayEach pair of learners with need the following:

Manipulatives used regularly in math class to facilitate number, operations and place values

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such as: paper and pencil, mini-white boards, base ten models, 100s and/or 0-99 charts,ten frames, counters, cubes.Index cards or half sheets of paper to collect at least one formative assessment of numbertalk ideas

ResourcesBooks

Carpenter, Thomas P., Franke, Megan Loef, and Levi, Linda 2003 Thinking Mathematically:Integrating Arithmetic & Algebra in Elementary School Portsmouth, New Hampshire:Heinemann

Corwin, Rebecca B. 1996 Talking Mathematics: Supporting Children's Voices Portsmouth,New Hampshire: Heinemann

Fosnot, Catherine Twomey and Dolk, Maarten 2001 Young Mathematicians at Work:Constructing Number Sense, Addition, and Subtraction Portsmouth, New Hampshire:Heinemann

Heibert, James 1997 Making Sense Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann

Van de Walle, John A. 2004 Elementary and Middle School Mathematics: TeachingDevelopmentally Boston, MA Pearson Education, Inc.

Van de Walle, John A. 2006 Teaching Student Centered Mathematics: Grades K-3 Boston, MAPearson Education, Inc

VideosHow to Teach Math as a Social Activity Edutopia.org video on building community norms aroundmath discussions.

Video episodes through this resource show students formulating conjectures around properties of

numbers and operations: Carpenter, Thomas P., Franke, Megan Loef, and Levi, Linda 2003Thinking Mathematically: Integrating Arithmetic & Algebra in Elementary School Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann

Silicon Valley Mathematics Initiative Number Talk Videos, Grade 2 (needs to be added)

Time neededThe lesson will need one 20-25 minute pre-assessment session, at least seven 15-20 minutewarm-up Number Talk sessions and a 15-20 minute student editing session to revise initial pre-assessment. Timings given are only approximate. Exact timings will depend on the needs of theclass.

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Before the lessonIndividual Assessment Task: Grandmoth er ' s Bir thd ayThe assessment task, Grandmother's Birthday should be completed before the lesson. If needed,the task may be read to students. Ask students to attempt the task on their own. Explain that theyshould not worry too much if they cannot understand or do everything, because you plan to teachseveral number talk lessons which should help them.

It is important that students are allowed to answer the questions without assistance, as far aspossible. If students are struggling to get started then ask questions that help them understand

what is required, but don't do it for them!

Assessing students responsesCollect a sample of students' responses to the task and make some notes on what their workreveals about their current levels of understanding. The purpose of doing this is to forewarn you ofthe difficulties students may experience during the lesson itself and so that you may preparecarefully. Do not grade students work at this stage. Research shows that this will becounterproductive, as it will encourage students to compare their grades and distract their attentionfrom the mathematics. Instead, try to understand their reasoning and think of ways in which youcan help them. Wait to grade this task until it is revised by students at the end of this lesson.

Three addendums to this unit are attached: Sample Number Talk Using Properties ofOperations, Addendum 1, provides an introduction to the processes and procedures of NumberTalks; Strategies and Solution Paths around Number, Operations and Place Value ,

Addendum 2, provides a Common Issues of Number Talks chart with suggested prompts andquestions and with references to the Common Core Mathematics Practices. Student Responsesto Discuss , Addendum 3, includes the student work to discuss on Days 3 and 7 as well asquestions and prompts for those days and recording strategies that can be adapted to theproblems on any Number Talk Day.

Suggested lesson outlineNumber talks begin with the teacher presenting a problem to the whole class.It is helpful to record the problems horizontally to encourage solutionstrategies other than the standard algorithm. Give students individual thinktime and ask them to signal when they have an answer (e.g. thumbs up).Students may (should) be asked to pair share their thinking before sharing with the large group.The teacher records the students ideas on chart paper so that strategies can be referenced later.

A good general question to ask students is, Does my picture show what you were thinking?Please note that the sample work below is by no means complete, students will always come upwith strategies that are new to us!

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Number Talk 1: Class introduction (15 minutes)

14 + 9

67 + 19

Possible questions about the sample student work below:

a) What strategy does this student use? How can this student be sure s/he has added exactly9?b) Why did this student subtract 1 from 24?c) Why did this student add 10 twice?d) Students using the standard algorithm mentally can be pushed to explain their thinking in

depth. For example, if the student says Seven plus nine is sixteen and carry the one andsix and one and one is eight. This may be recorded as 7+9=16 and 1+6+1=8. Studentsare then pushed to explain that the 1+6+1 is representing 10s.

e) Is it ok to start adding the 10s first?

Below are some examples of possible student responses.

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Number Talk 2:

17 - 8

$.52 - .27

Possible questions about student work below:

a) What is this student's strategy? What might have been this student's first step to solvingthis problem?

b) Why did this student subtract 7 first?c) Why did this student subtract 2 and then 25?d) Can you always solve subtraction problems by adding on?


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Number Talk 3: What did these students do? Why does it work?

77 + 18 (2 examples - splitting and number line)

64 45 (2 examples number line take away and number line add-on?)Student work in Student Resources to Discuss Addendum 3

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Number Talk 4: Two story problems

38 Second graders and many Third graders went to the Aquarium. There were 75 students in all.How many Third graders went to the Aquarium ?

Maria had some pennies. There were 38 pennies on the floor of her room. There were 37 penniesin her piggy bank. How many pennies did she have altogether?

Possible questions about student work:a) How could this student use the number line to solve this problem in a different way?b) Why did this student subtract 40 from 75?c) What is a different way to group these numbers to make adding easier?


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Number Talk 5:

$.75 + .29

Possible questions about student work:

a) Why did this student select 25 to add first?

b) Why did this student need to subtract 1 from 105?c) Explain why this student could have added $.74+ .30 to get the same answer.


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Number Talk 6:

$1.10 - .48

Possible questions about student work:

a) Why did this student subtract 10 first?

b) Was 50 easy to add in this problem? Why?c) Why did this student add $.02 to $.60?


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Number Talk 7: What did these students do? Why does it work?

74 + 18

$1.26 - .49Student work in Student Resources to Discuss Addendum 3

Individual post-assessment work (15 - 20 minutes)Finally, reissue the Assessment task, Grandmother's Birthday , and ask students to have another goat it. It is helpful if this is done in a different color, so that you can see what they have learned.This will help you monitor what has been gained from the lesson.

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Grandmother's Birthday

1. Jack's grandmother is having a birthday next month. 42 guests will come to theparty. So far, Jack and his mother have written 17 invitations. How many moreinvitations will they need to write?Show your answer and all of your work. ________ invitations

2. Grandmother is turning 60 years old. Jack found 26 candles for her birthday cake.How many more candles will he need?Show your answer and all of your work. ________ candles

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Addendum 1

Sample Number Talk A- Using Properties of OperationsTeacher introduces a problem on the board, such as:

26 + 19 =Students are given individual think time to find a solution. Students may show quiet fingers ontheir chest to show when they have a strategy. Students are encouraged to continue thinking ofnew strategies, indicated by more quiet fingers, while other students process and find their firstsolution.

After the think time, have students share their strategies with a neighbor or partner to maximize theamount of discussion in the class and to hold all students accountable for thinking of a strategy.

The teacher may ask for students to give solutions that they have found and then ask students toshare their strategies.

For example, a student might add the tens together and then the ones and then combine theanswers.

I added 20 and 10 to get 30. Then I added 6 + 9 to get 15. The teacher might ask clarifyingquestions, How did you think about adding the 6 and 9? How does this help you get a solution?Where does the 20 come from? This helps students to clarify their explanations and solidify theirunderstanding of place value. The 2 in twenty six represents 20. Next I added 30 and 15 to get45.

26 + 19

20 6 9 1030 + 15 = 45

A second student might say , I know that 19 is 1 away from 20 so I take one from the 26 to make15 and add the one to 19 to make 20. 25 + 20 = 45

A third student might use a counting up strategy , I started at 26 and added ten to get 36. Then Iadded fo ur from the 9 to get 40. When I broke the 9 apart to get 4, I had 5 left, so 40 + 5 is 45.

This strategy might be good to illustrate using a number line.

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The teacher might then follow this by asking students to use this strategy ontheir mini-white boards to show how the student would solve:

43 + 58Using the mini-white boards allows the teacher to see how students arethinking about the number line and the strategy. Are students picking logicalnumbers for their jumps? How are they decomposing the numbers? Thisallows the teacher to control the conversation by picking which students tochoose to share their work. If available document readers make it very easyto share student work.

If most students seem to be able to make sense of the strategy, the teachermight ask, Can we use this strategy to do subtraction?

62 17 Again students can use the mini-white boards to draw their number lines.

If the number line strategy doesnt come up naturally in the class discussion.The teacher might put this on the board. (without numbers showing).

I saw a student in another class doing this to solve our problem. What do youthink the student is thinking? Allow some private think time. Then havestudents share ideas with a partner. Finally have a whole class discussionabout the strategy.

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Addendum 2 Strategies Using Base Ten

Sharing Strategies and Solution Paths Around

Number, Operations and Place Value

The purpose of this formative assessment lesson is to have students practice mathematicalreasoning around number, operations and place value that will further their understanding of theseconcepts. The focus is on student ideas. In order for children to learn, understand, and remember,they need time interacting with ideas, thinking about where these ideas fit in relation to what theyalready know, uncovering the logic, and then applying it to their thinking around these ideas.Explaining their reasoning helps to solidify and extend their understanding.

As such, correct and incorrect ideas should be accepted during the discussion of strategies andsolution paths. Students and teachers need to respectfully accept correct and incorrect responses

during mathematical discussions. It is important to establish a classroom atmosphere wherestudents feel safe to share their ideas. Students should be guided to understand that learning canoccur when a response is incorrect. Questions are posed by the teacher and by students that willmove all towards the underlying mathematics that determines the correctness of answers.

When learners are first introduced to activities such as Number Talks, it is important to explaintheir purpose and to describe how they should work during these discussion times. The emphasisis on understanding. We need to think and talk about problems to solidify our learning. In order tobenefit from these discussions we need to remember these things:

We share ideas and listen to others.We ask why does this work until we understand

We respect one another's opinionsWe know that we learn from mistakes as well as from correct answers.Our goal is for the students, the teacher and the mathematics to agree in the end!

The table that follows includes some common issues confronted when sharing student thinkingaround number, operations and place value. The suggested questions and prompts are abeginning list that will grow as you work with students to understand and make sense of themathematics. Teachers who are new to the practice of Number Talks may want to considerfocusing on one or two types of questions and one or two recording strategies at a time until thesebecome integrated into their teaching styles. You will find examples of questions and recordingstyles in the sample problem section of this addendum. Using the number line to record strategieswill be a beneficial tool for students to use throughout their mathematics courses.

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Sample problem75 - 39

Common Issues Suggested questions and promptsDifficulty getting started on a solution path.

Ex: blank faces in the classroom audience

What is this problem asking us to findout?What do you know?Without giving the answer, can someoneexplain how they are thinking aboutsolving this problem?

MP1 Make sense of problems and persevere insolving them.

Limited number of participants or responses.

Ex: only one solution path presented

Aft er quiet think time suggest: t urn toone other person and share your answerand how you thou ght about it. Then

prompt: l et 's list your answers. Then,let's share our s olution strategies. Who thought of it in a similar way?Who thought of it in a different way?Does anyone have the same answer buta different way to explain it?

MP3 Construct viable arguments and critiquethe reasoning of others.

Few or no questions asked around solutionstrategies

Does anyone agree or disagree with ___'swork?

Who can explain ___'s thinking?MP3 Construct viable arguments and critiquethe reasoning of others.

Connections not made and/or reasoning notdeep

Would someone like to add to this?Will that work with a similar problem?Let's try 84 -38.How is this problem similar toyesterday's?

Error in solution path

Ex: ____ presents the solution as I took awayforty from the seventy-five and that made forty- five and I added one to get 46.

Do you agree or disagree with this?Why?

Who can repeat what ___ said?Can we make a model or a drawing forthat? What might that look like?Could both/all of these answers becorrect?

MP7 Look for and make use of structure.

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Procedural explanation unconnected to placevalue.

Ex: Student says, I lined up the problem withthe 39 under the 75. I crossed out the 7 and

made it a 6 and added a one to the 5. Then the5 becomes 15.Then, I subtracted and got 36.

Ex: Student says, 15 9 = 6 and 6 3 = 3, sothe answer is 36.

Can you explain more about yourprocedure to us? Why should I cross outthe seven and write 6? Remember weare talking about 2-digit numbers here.What does the 75 look like in base ten

blocks?You said I should cross out the seven inseventy-five and write six and then addthe one to the five becomes fifteen.Where did the 1 come from? Can youeither show me why this makes sense?Who else can explain why this works?Who can explain why the 5 becomes 15ones?Record exactly what the student says:15 9 = 6 and 6 3 = 3. The teacherthen asks how this becomes 36. Oftenthis will guide the student to realize theimportance of the 6 and 3 representingtens (60 and 30).

MP5 Use appropriate tools strategically.

Procedural explanation unconnected to thedefinition of subtraction as a missing addendapproach.Ex: Student says, I started with 39 and added1 to make 40. I knew that 40 + 35 is equal to

75. So, I added the 1 and the 35 and got 36.

You used addition to solve thissubtraction problem. Why is thatpossible?Will that always work? Why?How could we use this strategy to solve

a similar problem say, 83 67.MP2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively.

No connection made to previous problems.Ex: previous problems were 43 10, 43 9, 58 20, 58 19.

What ideas have you learned before thatmight be useful in solving 75 39?Have we ever solved a problem like 75 39 before?How does today's problem relate toyesterday's problems? (58-30, 58-19)

MP7 Look for and make use of structure.

No connections made to one anothers

strategies.Ex: Melissa's strategy 75 40 = 35, 35 + 1 =36, John's strategy 75 35 = 40, 40 4 = 36When recording these or any strategies, be carefulnot to use run on equations e.g. 75 - 40 = 35 + 1 =36

How is Melissa's strategy similar or

different from the way John solved it?

MP1 Make sense of problems and persevere insolving them.MP6 Attend to precision.

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Correct Solution Can you solve this same problem using adifferent method?

How are the two methods different?Is this new method more efficient than your

first way? Why?MP3 Construct viable arguments and critique

the reasoning of others.

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Addendum 3: Strategies in Base Ten

Student Responses to Discuss

Describe the solution paths and strategies usedby each student one at a time.

You might, for example:

Ask students to make sense of the studentwork.

Discuss the computational procedure and/or thenotations used.

Help the students to focus on the properties ofoperations or the properties of numbers thathelp to make these strategies efficient.

Discuss what the student might do to completehis or her solution or to make it more efficient.

It is better to spend quality time on eachsolution path you share than to quickly shareall the work included here

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Sample Responses to DiscussDay 3 Number Talk

Here is the work of three students around 77 + 18 .

Share one at a time . For each piece of work: Ask students to make sense of the student work. For exam ple, w here is the 18 in theseexamples?

Discuss the computational procedure and/or the notations used. For example, w hy did Rosebreak 18 into 10 + 3 + 5?

Help the students to focus on the properties of operations or the properties of numbers that helpto make these strategies efficient. For example, when you are adding numbers does itmatter which one you start with? (commutative property over addition)

Explain what the student needs to do to complete his or her solution . For example, whatequation would represent Amy's solution to the problem?

Micheal

Amy

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Rosy

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Day 3 Number Talk

Here is the work of three students around 64 25. Share one at a time. For each piece of work:

Ask students to make sense of the student work. For example, w here did the 24 come from in

Jon's work? Discuss the computational procedure and/or the notations used. For example, h ow did Lindyget an answer of 41? (Rather than spot the error for students)

Help the students to focus on the properties of operations or the properties of numbers that helpto make these strategies efficient. For example, w hy did Huen subtract 20 then 4 and then1?

Explain what the student needs to do to complete his or her solution. For example, what doesLindy need to understand a bout subtraction? (the commutative property does not hold oversubtraction).

Jon

Lindy

Huen

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Day 7 Number Talk

Here is the work of three students around 74 + 18. Share one at a time . For each piece of work:

Ask students to make sense of the student work. For example, w hy did Jorge add 20 to

begin? Discuss the computational procedure and/or the notations used. For example, e xplain howJenny broke the numbers apart. Why did she select these numbers?

Help the students to focus on the properties of operations or the properties of numbers that helpto make these strategies efficient. For example, would Dan get the correct solution if hehad started at 18 and counted on 74? Would this be an efficient strategy?

Explain what the student needs to do to complete his or her solution . For example, wouldDan's strategy be efficient for 74 + 123?

Dan

Jenny

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Jorge

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Day 7 Number Talk

Here is the work of three students around $1.26 - .49. Share one at a time . For each piece of work:

Ask students to make sense of the student work. For example, w hy did Dennis add $.01 to$.76?

Discuss the computational procedure and/or the notations used. For example, i n Maya's work,where is the $.49?

Help the students to focus on the properties of operations or the properties of numbers that helpto make these strategies efficient. For example, w hy did Karen add on to solve asubtraction problem? Does this always work?

Explain what the student needs to do to complete his or her solution. For example, how couldMaya solve the problem in fewer steps?

Karen

Dennis

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Maya

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GRADE 2 MATH: CAROLS NUMBERSINVESTIGATION: GOT YOUR NUMBER

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Got Your Number

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7 7 7 7

8 8 8 8

9 9 9 9

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GRADE 2 MATH: CAROLS NUMBERSSUPPORTS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE

LEARNERS

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GRADE2 MATH: CAROLS NUMBERS

Supports for ELLs

Title: Carols Numbers Grade: 2

Linguistic Access:

In these supportive materials, a distinction between the vocabulary and the language functions isneeded to provide entry points to the math content. Both need to be clarified to ensure comprehensionand to avoid misunderstanding. This can be done by introducing and/or reviewing the most essentialvocabulary and language functions in context and with concrete models, when applicable, in order forEnglish Language Learners (ELLs) to better understand the meaning of the terms. The followingvocabulary/language functions are suggested:

Tier I (non-academic language): cards, deck of cards, switch turns, all the cards are picked, shuffle, maketen

Tier II (general academic language): largest, smallest, add up, 10-pair pile

Tier III (math technical language and concepts that must be carefully developed): two-digit number,three-digit number, make ten, find the sum

Language Functions: show

Content Access:

To provide content access to ELLs, it is important that they are familiar with the concept of creatingdiagrams to illustrate a situation or a pattern. Students should already be familiar with how to organizeinformation into a table. Students should understand the number line and what it represents.

Also, in order to successfully engage in the card games that are proposed as part of the instruction, it isimportant that ELL students understand the concept of make ten (or making ten) as it is used in thecontext of the instructional materials (see pages 72-77). Here, make ten refers to the mathematicaloperation of addition. But it should be made explicit to ELLs that the expression make ten (or anynumber that is substituted for ten) is limited to the context of these instructional materials, and that

they need to be introduced to the formal academic vocabulary of addition. Scaffolds and Resources:

Organize tasks to maximize opportunities for ELLs to engage in math discourse. Therefore, it isrecommended that:

Teacher allows students to work collaboratively in pairs or triads and to justify theirdecisions to peers.

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Teacher allows ELLs to use their language resources, including their native language,gestures, drawings, etc. to convey their understandings.

Teacher models not only math content but also the desired academic language in context todevelop students academic discourse.

Teacher uses paraphrases and re-voicing (reformulation of students statements usingappropriate math terminology or syntax).

Teacher uses physical objects to facilitate students talk (e.g., manipulatives). Teacher gives appropriate wait time for ELLs to respond. Teacher gives the opportunity for ELLs to clarify and explain their statements.

On page 28, there are some instructional implications that teachers can use to scaffold ELLsknowledge while introducing the concepts in the tasks.

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GRADE 2 MATH: CAROLS NUMBERSSUPPORTS FOR STUDENTS

WITH DISABILITIES

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Division of Students with Disabilities and English Language Learners

Instructional Supports for Students with Disabilities using UDL Guidelines

Background InformationSuccessful transformation of information into useable knowledge often requires the application

of mental strategies and skills for processing information. These cognitive, or meta-cognitive,strategies involve the selection and manipulation of information so that it can be bettersummarized, categorized, prioritized, contextualized and remembered. While some learners inany classroom may have a full repertoire of these strategies, along with the knowledge of whento apply them, most learners do note. Well-designed materials can provide customized andembedded models, scaffolds, and feedback to assist learners who have very diverse abilities inusing those strategies effectively. (CAST (2011). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 2.0 .Wakefield, MA: Author.)

Clarify vocabulary and symbols by:

Pre-teach and/or re-teach vocabulary and symbols, such as greater than, less than, equal,addition, subtraction, place value , largest , smallest , efficient , combining numbers, breaking numbers apart, and >,


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1. Base 10 Blocks Programhttp://ejad.best.vwh.net/java/b10blocks/b10blocks.html

This program consists of a panel, asshown on the right, where one canclick on any of three different blocksizes that represent 1 unit, 10units, and 100 units and drag theminto the working panel. Once insidethe panel, students can click on theblocks so they can move, rotate,break, and glue the blocks to do alltypes of arithmetic. ( in English,Spanish, and French )

5. Virtual Manipulatives: Base Ten BlocksThis manipulative is intended to provide maximum flexibility for the teacher in teachingplace-naming in different bases and different numbers of decimal laces. http://nlvm.usu.edu/en/nav/frames_asid_152_g_1_t_1.html

6. Virtual Manipulatives: Base Ten Blocks/Place value models - tens and oneshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/place-value-models-tens-and-ones

2.

Virtual Manipulatives: Base Ten Blocks/Place value models - up to hundredshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/place-value-models-up-to-hundreds

3. Virtual Manipulatives: Base Ten Blocks/Value of underlined digit - tens and oneshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/value-of-underlined-digit-tens-and-ones

4. Virtual Manipulatives: Base Ten Blocks/Value of underlined digit - up to hundredshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/value-of-underlined-digit-up-to-hundreds

5. Virtual Manipulatives: Base Ten Blocks/Place values: Convert to/from a number - tens andones

http://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/convert-to-from-a-number-tens-and-ones

6. Virtual Manipulatives: Base Ten Blocks/ Place values: Convert to/from a number -up to hundredshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/convert-to-from-a-number-up-to-hundreds

7. Virtual Manipulatives: Base Ten Blocks/Comparing and ordering: Comparing numbers upto 100

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http://ejad.best.vwh.net/java/b10blocks/b10blocks.htmlhttp://ejad.best.vwh.net/java/b10blocks/b10blocks.htmlhttp://nlvm.usu.edu/en/nav/frames_asid_152_g_1_t_1.htmlhttp://nlvm.usu.edu/en/nav/frames_asid_152_g_1_t_1.htmlhttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/place-value-models-tens-and-oneshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/place-value-models-up-to-hundredshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/place-value-models-up-to-hundredshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/value-of-underlined-digit-tens-and-oneshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/value-of-underlined-digit-tens-and-oneshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/value-of-underlined-digit-up-to-hundredshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/value-of-underlined-digit-up-to-hundredshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/convert-to-from-a-number-tens-and-oneshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/convert-to-from-a-number-tens-and-oneshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/convert-to-from-a-number-up-to-hundredshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/convert-to-from-a-number-up-to-hundredshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/convert-to-from-a-number-up-to-hundredshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/convert-to-from-a-number-tens-and-oneshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/value-of-underlined-digit-up-to-hundredshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/value-of-underlined-digit-tens-and-oneshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/place-value-models-up-to-hundredshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/place-value-models-tens-and-oneshttp://nlvm.usu.edu/en/nav/frames_asid_152_g_1_t_1.htmlhttp://ejad.best.vwh.net/java/b10blocks/b10blocks.html


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http://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/comparing-numbers-up-to-100

8. Virtual Manipulatives: Base Ten Blocks/Addition - three digits: Complete the additionsentence - up to three digitshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/addition-3-digits-complete-sentence

9. Virtual Manipulatives: Base Ten Blocks/Properties: Related addition factshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/related-addition-facts

Build fluencies with graduated levels of support for practice and performance

Provide scaffolds that can be gradually released with increasing independence and skills

1. Video : Adding with Base 10 Blocks/Teaching Ideashttp://www.ulm.edu/~esmith/250/33/addbase10.html

2. Video : Representing Numbers with Base 10 Blocks/Teaching Ideashttp://www.ulm.edu/~esmith/250/31/repbase10.html

3. Video : Subtracting with Base 10 Blocks/Teaching Ideashttp://www.ulm.edu/~esmith/250/33/subbase10.html

4. Online math games to learn and practice the concept of place value : Use as self practiceand fun learning activities, or include in a 2 nd grade class lesson

http://www.free-training-tutorial.com/place-value-games.html

5. Shark Numbers: Ones & Tens - Count the number in the tens and the number in the onesand select the correct answer.

http://www.ictgames.com/sharkNumbers_v2.html

6. Match 3-digit numbers with their textual formhttp://www.dositey.com/2008/addsub/Mystery10.htm

7. Add or subtract blocks to make an equation truehttp://www.learningbox.com/Base10/BaseTen.html

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http://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/comparing-numbers-up-to-100http://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/comparing-numbers-up-to-100http://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/addition-3-digits-complete-sentencehttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/addition-3-digits-complete-sentencehttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/related-addition-factshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/related-addition-factshttp://www.ulm.edu/~esmith/250/33/addbase10.htmlhttp://www.ulm.edu/~esmith/250/33/addbase10.htmlhttp://www.ulm.edu/~esmith/250/31/repbase10.htmlhttp://www.ulm.edu/~esmith/250/31/repbase10.htmlhttp://www.ulm.edu/~esmith/250/33/subbase10.htmlhttp://www.ulm.edu/~esmith/250/33/subbase10.htmlhttp://www.free-training-tutorial.com/place-value-games.htmlhttp://www.free-training-tutorial.com/place-value-games.htmlhttp://www.ictgames.com/sharkNumbers_v2.htmlhttp://www.ictgames.com/sharkNumbers_v2.htmlhttp://www.dositey.com/2008/addsub/Mystery10.htmhttp://www.dositey.com/2008/addsub/Mystery10.htmhttp://www.learningbox.com/Base10/BaseTen.htmlhttp://www.learningbox.com/Base10/BaseTen.htmlhttp://www.learningbox.com/Base10/BaseTen.htmlhttp://www.dositey.com/2008/addsub/Mystery10.htmhttp://www.ictgames.com/sharkNumbers_v2.htmlhttp://www.free-training-tutorial.com/place-value-games.htmlhttp://www.ulm.edu/~esmith/250/33/subbase10.htmlhttp://www.ulm.edu/~esmith/250/31/repbase10.htmlhttp://www.ulm.edu/~esmith/250/33/addbase10.htmlhttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/related-addition-factshttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/addition-3-digits-complete-sentencehttp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-2/comparing-numbers-up-to-100


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8. Fill in the missing parts on the number chart:

9. For each underlined number, find the number that is 1 ten and 1 more.

Provide Support for Conceptual Understandings

0

11

29

33

45

52

66

78

84

99

1

10 12

29

33

47

52

65

78

84

96

85


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The semantic elements through which information is presented the words, symbols, numbers,and icons are differently accessible to learners with varying backgrounds, languages, andlexical knowledge. To ensure accessibility for all, key vocabulary, labels, icons, and symbolsshould be linked to, or associated with, alternate representations of their meaning: anembedded glossary or definition, a graphic equivalent, or a chart or map.

Present key concepts by illustrating through multiple media . Use comparison cardswhere students compare various visual representations intuitively.

Can you tell which number is greater?

145 154

234

164

223

230177

300

or

or

or

or

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Choose the smallest number:a. b. c. d.

e. f. g. h.

Choose the largest number?a. b. c. d.

e. f. g. h.

249, 582, 195 370, 764, 747 405, 934, 928 616, 725, 726

811, 118, 181 481, 381, 184 224, 422, 402 209, 920, 902

249, 582, 195 370, 764, 747 405, 934, 928 616, 725, 726

811, 118, 181 481, 381, 184 224, 422, 402 209, 920, 902

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Eleven

1 ten and 1 one

10 + 1

tens ones

1 1

Thirteen

1 ten and 3 ones

10 + 3

tens ones

1 3

Fifteen

1 ten and 5 ones

10 + 5

tens ones

1 5

Thirty

3 tens and 0 ones

30 + 0

tens ones

3 0

Thirty-two

3 tens and 2 ones

30 + 2

tens ones

3 2

Forty-four

4 tens and 4 ones

40 + 4

tens ones

4 4

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Three hundredand twenty-one

3 hundreds and2 tens and 2 ones

300 + 20 + 2

hundreds tens ones

3 2 2

Four hundredand twenty-four

4 hundreds and

2 tens and 4 ones

400 + 20 + 4

hundreds tens ones

4 2 4

One hundredand eleven

1hundred and1 ten and 1 one

100 + 10 + 11

hundreds tens ones

1 1 1

nycdoeg2mathcarolsnumbers final

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