o level physics questions

Understanding '0' Levelthrough Problem SolvingA Supplementary Practice Latest MOE syllabusTopics are categorised into easily manageable sections

Questions are arranged in increasing level of difficulty to facilitate a better mderstam

Question types ..",n simple recall to foh .. analysis an~ synthesis - anaspect in tackling data-sJemDavid OonCOI>yright ~ 2()(YJ Panpac Education trivatc LimitedPublished by EPB Pan PacificAn imprint of Panpac ducsti().nPrivate I..i.mitcdTunes Centre1 New Industria! RoodSinj,'lII)()re5361 %All rights reserved.No part Qr this publication may be reproduced. stored in a retrieval system, or transmined in any form or by any means. electronic. mechanical. photocopying, recording or oihcrwise, without the prior permission of the copyright publisher. Request for permission should be addressed '0 IJ)tpublisher. Paopac Education Pr,v31c Limired, TlJJleS Centre, J New lodusuj;l,1 Road.Singapore 536196, 'let: (65) 641 J 0820, Fa." (65) 6846 3440PanRac EducationEmail: panpmkt8@pallpac::educ.alion.c()Jnwebsue: ItIIp://\V\V\V. panpaceducarion.comEI'B Pan Pacinc is a trademark ofTirncs Publishing LimitedISBN 918981273004-6First publiShed 2007ReprinlBd 2008Author: David OonEditor: Chan Shyong Ya\vCopyrighted material11.1 Base Quantities, Units and Prefixes 1].2 Errors in Measurements 21.3 Length Measurements with Calipers and Micrometer 31Chapter 3Chapter4Mass,Weight and Density:N

4.1Mass and [nerti;)32

4.2Weight4:0

4.3Density and Flotation4..1

4.4Challenging Segment42

Chapter 5Copynghted matenalChapter 6 Pressur6,1ePressllre4949

6.2Liquid Pressure and AtmosphericPressure50

6.3Pressllre Difference5S

6.4Hydraulics57

6,5Pressllre Measurelnent58


Chapter7Work,EnergyandPower61

7,1Work61

7.2 Kinetic Energy and Gravitational Potential Energy 63

7.3Principle ofConservationofEnergy65

7.4Power68

7.5ChallengingSegment69

Theme 3 :> Therma1 PhysicsChapter 8 Kinetic Model of Matter 738.1 States Qf Matter and the Kinetic MQdel 738,2 Brownian Motion 7SChapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11 Thermal Properties of Matter 9111.1 Heat Capacity and SpeCific Heal Capacity11.2 Melting, BoiJing !U1dEvaporation11.3 Latent Heat and Specific Latent Heat11.4 Challenging Segnlent

919496100Copynghted material12.1 Longitudinal and Transverse Waves12.2 Wave Terms and Graphical Representation of a Wave12.3 Ripple Tank12.4 Challenging Segment

1.03un1.04J..06107Chapter 13Chapter 14

Light13.1 Reflection13.2 Refraction13.3 Total Internal Reflection13.4 Thin l.enses13.5 Chal.lenging SegnlentElectromagnetic Spectrum

109109I 1 1 ill ill ill11914.1Properties of ElectromagneticWaves and Applications119


Chapter15Sound12.3.

15.1Sound Wave and its GraphicalRepresentationill

15.2Speed of Sound126

15.3Echo and Ultrasound127

15.4Challenging Segment]28

Theme5 Electricity and Magnetism

Chapter16StaticElectricityill

16.1[aws of Electrostaticsl.3..l

16.2Eleclrostatic Charging132

16.3Electric Fieldill

16.4Challenging Segmentl..34

Chapter 17

Current of Electricity17.1 Current17.2 ElectTomotive Force (E.M.F.) and Potential Difference17.3 Resistance17.4 Ohm's Law17.5 Challenging Segment

ill131138ill.lAO.141Copynghted matenalChapter18D.C,Circuits143

I R.lSeries C'i[cilit14.3

18.2Parallel Circuir144

18.3Series and Para liel Ci [CU ill'146

18,4Potentilll Divider Circuits141

18.5Use of Cathode-Ra~1 Oscilloscope148


Chapter 19 Practical Electricity 15319.1 Electric Power and Ener,!!,y 15319.2 Dangers of Electricity 15419.3Safe Use ofElectricity156

19.4ChallengingSegment157

Chapter 20 Magnetism 16120.1 Laws of Magnetism and Induced Magnetism 16l20.2 Magnerisation and Dema~netisation 16320.3 Magnetic Field 16420.4 Challenging Segment 165Chapter 21 Electron,agnetism 16721.1 Magnetic Effect of a Current 16721.2 Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor 16921.3 Tbe nc Motor I:z I21.4 Challenging Segment 173Chapter 22 Electromagnetic Induction 17722.1 Principles of Electromagnetic Induction 17722.2 The A.C. Generator 17922.~Transfo[lllf~[ and POll"er'Iransmisaion 18122.4 Challenging Segment 184All~~ers and Worked Salutians 189Copyrighted materialSUMMARY OF KEY QUAi~'rrrIES,SYMBOLS AND lJNITSWavelength ,

m, clnFocal length .f In, ern Angle of incidence I degree (0) Angles of reflection, refraction r degree (0)Critical angle c degree (0)Potential difference*/voltage V V*, mvCurrent" I A, IliACharge q, Q C,A Se.m .rr-- E Vresistance R QCopyrighted materialPhysical Quantities, Units and~~.r~~~/~m~e~as~u~re~m~en~t_s~>- 1.1 Base Quantities, Units and Prefixes1. John, who has a mass of 50 kg. height of 1.54 In, is able to run a distance of I km in a time of5 min 12 s. His average speed was calculated to be 3.21 rals:(a) Write down all the physical quantities and their respective SI units for the situationabove. (5)Physical Quantities SI units(b) Which of the quantities above are considered as base quantities? [2J (c) What other base quantities are there besides those in (b) above? [4J (d) Which prefix has been used in the situation above? State how many times is the factor ofthis prefix over its base unit. [2J2. Ali said, "I found out that the speed of light in space is 3 x 10" In/s. This means that light can travel a distance of 3 x 10" m in a time interval of just 1 second!"(a) Identify and write down from what ALisaid, all the base physical quantities and their respective SI units. (2)(b) Rewrite the distance of 3 x IU' m using the prefixes kilo-, mega- and giga-. [3J3 x 10" nl =kin =Min =Gm

(c)Convert 3 x(i) km/s,10" nl/sinto:(21

(ii) km/h,[21

Chapter I 1-~..-Copyrighted material3.Alice calculated the density of a solid metal box by first measuring the mass and volume of the box. The results are as follows:Mass = 300 g Volume = 60 em' Density = 5 glcm'(a) Out of the three physical quantities above, which are not considered as base quantities? [2)(b) Convert for all three quantities above, into their respective SI units. [6]Mass : 300 g - _ Volume: 60 em' - _ Density: 5 g/cm? - _> 1.2 Errors in Measurements1. (a) Write down the tWO types of errors that may be present during measurement. (2)(b) State which of the errors above can be reduced by taking a larger number ofmeasurements and averaging? [I]2. State the main type of error for each of the tWO cases below. Explain your choice of answer and describe how in each case, the error can be reduced.(a)Bala and Billy have a digital stopwatch each. Both measures the time taken for a marble to roll down a l-m ramp and the results are 3.57 s and 3.42 s respectively.Type of error: _Explanation and description on how to reduce error:

[I)[2](b) A glass cylinder has a length specified by the manufacturer as 15.0 cm. Bill wanted to measure and confirm this length. He used a metre rule, unaware that it has a defective scale at the zero mark. His measurement result is 14.8 cm.Type of error: _Explanation and description on how to reduce error:

[1][2]. _ 2 .

Understanding Physics through Problem Solving

Copyrighted material3. Bob is trying (0 determine the period of a 1.2 m long pendulum. He first measures the time interval for 10 complete oscillations with a digital stopwatch. He then carries out an averaging to determine the period of oscillation.Suggest two ways in which he can make the results more accurate. [2]

,, ,,I ,

clampr ,I ,1=1.2nlr, ,/ .. "'. ,;" \\ ...... I>- 1.3 Leng!h Measurements with Cali ers and Micrometer1.

Write down the readings for the following measurements below. The following pairs of cal ipers have no zero error.(a)20 30

Reading = [I](b)Reading = [I]2. Write down the readings for the measurements below. This pair of calipers has no zero error.(a)1111111111111111111[111111em

o 5 10Illllllllll4 5

Reading =-----lIJ(b)1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIflllllliliem 7 8

Reading = [I]Chapter I

1,3.".;;,.----'Copynghted malenal3. A pair of faulty calipers is found to have a zero error of +0.03 cln when the jaws are fully closed. This pair of calipers is used to measure the depth of a beaker.1111111111111111111111111em 9 10(a) Write down the measurement made with this pair of faulty calipers. (I) (b) Write down the actual depth of the beaker. [1] (c) State the pan of the vernier calipers used to measure the depth of the beaker. [I]4. A pair of faulty calipers is found to bave a zero error of -0.01 ern when tbe jaws are fully closed. This pair of calipers is used to measure the diameter of a syringe.o 5 101 I I II I I I I I 1111111111[1111111111111111em 3 4(a) Write down the measurement made with this pair of faulty calipers. [1) (b) Write down the actual diameter of the syringe. [1] (c) Describe what you would do to obtain a more accurate diameter of the syringe. (2)S.Write down the two measurements below made with a micrometer. Assume that the micrometer has no zero error.(a) (b)~,=".-~n 10'~lM,--J5oReading = [1] Reading = -----[1]4 Understanding Physics through Problem Solving'-----'

Copyrighted material6. The diagrams below shows four measurements of a diameter of a non-uniform iron rod made with a micrometer.~l=:--~n3S30WI-_~_'25Measurement 1 Measurement 2Measurement 3 Measurement 4(a) Record the readings of all four measurements in the table below.Measurement No. I 2 3 4Initial measurementsCorrected measurements

14](b) A student checks the micrometer and finds that it has a zero error of -0.02 mm, Correctall four earlier measurements and record them in the table above. l4](c) Calculate the average diameter of the iron rod.(d) State the type of error present in this situation.

[21[II7. A faulty micrometer screw gauge with an error of -0.02 nun when the jaws are fully closed is used to measure the external diameter of a test tube.(a) Write down the measurement shown on the micrometer. _ [1](b) Write down the actual diameter of the test tube. _ [IJ8.

A faulty micrometer screw gauge with an error of +0.02 mm when the jaws are fully closed was used to 111eaSUrtehe diameter of a washer.(a) Write down the measurement shown onthe micrometer. _ [II(b) Write down the actual diameter of the washer. _ [ll

Chapter I

....5..._.......I upyrighteo m stertal:> 1.4 Time Measureme ts and the Pendulum1. The diagram below shows a simple pendulum setup in a school laboratory.The average time taken for the bob to move from Q to R is 0.4 s.(a) Define the period of an oscillation. [u

r ",r ,, ,,

clampI,, ,(b) What is the period of the pendulum? [1]

,,, , , ,, ,P"-"

,- , RQ(c) The pendulum experiment allows us to calculate an approximate value of Earth's gravitational acceleration with a simple formula.length of pendulum bob in metreGravitational acceleration = 41t2X

square of period of osci llation in seconds(i)The length of pendulum in this experiment is 0.65 m. On the diagram above,

IIIark the length of the pendulum.[1]

(ii)Using the value found in (b) and length of pendulum as 0.65 m, calculate the gravitational acceleration of Earth in nl/s2.(2]

(iii) How must the length of the pendulum be adjusted to increase the period of thependulum? [I](iv) A student proposes to use a bob that is heavier in order to lengthen the period of the pendulum. Explain if the proposal is valid. [2]2. The diagram below shows a setup of a simple pendulum suspended from a clamp.The pendulum bob is moved about 5 to J and released, causing the bob to oscillate between positions J and L. The bob takes an average of 0.60 s to move from J to K and to L.(a) What is the period of the pendulum above? [I)(b) What is the time taken for the pendulum

,,",,,, ,,I

clampto make 2.5 oscillations? [I]L-_ ;6::...J Understanding Physics through Problem Solving

, ,,,1. ,- -I-: LKCopyrighted material(c) Marcus lengthens the pendulum and proceeded to measure the rime taken for the pendulum to make 20 oscillations. Marcus uses a digital stopwatch. The process is repeated four more times and the results are as follows:35.26 s 36.23 s 34.83 s 34.94 s 36.02 s(i) Calculate the new period of the pendulum by averaging. Show your workingsclearly. [2](ii) Calculate the frequency of oscillation of the pendulum. 12](iii) Explain why the determination of the period of oscillation is more accurate by calculating the average of 20 oscillations and not from one single oscillation? [I)(iv) The method used in (i) and (ii) is useful to minimise what type of error? [I]1. The diagram below shows a box acted upon by two forces.(a) State the resultant magnitude and direction of the box due to the two forces. [2]

51'1

~bIox 8N(b) The 8-N force is now reversed. State the resultant magnitude and direction of the box due to this change. The 5-N force remains the same, [2]2. A vector of size 6 units, points directly north while another vector of size 8 units, points east.Draw a parallelogram to determine the vector addition of these two vectors. Use a scale of1 cm : 2 units. Stat.e the magnitude and direction of this resultant vector. [5]Chapter I 7IJopyrightlKlm,lIerlal3. Force is a vector quantity. Two forces of 6 N each acts on an object.(a) Describe how it is possible to produce a zero resultant force from the two forces. (2)(b) Describe how it is possible to produce a resultant force of 12 N from the two forces. [2](c) Draw a vector diagram to show how a resultant force of 6 N may be obtained from thetwo forces of 6 N each. Label the 6-N forces and the resultant force clearly. [2J4. The diagram below shows two forces of 30 Nand 40 N acting on a crate.JONcrateDraw a parallelogram to determine the resultant force of these tWOforces. Use a scale ofI ern : 5 N. State the magnitude and direction of the resultant force. [5)8 Understanding Physics through Problem SolvingCopyrighted material5. Which of the following diagram correctly shows the addition of the 3-N and 4-N forces?A B c DSN 51'1 51'1 51'13N IN 3N 3N4N 41'1 41'1 41'1 r 1>- 1.6 Challeng!ng S~ment1.

A pair of calipers has a zero error of +0.2 mrn. Alan uses it to measure the length of a cubic dice. The reading is 12.6 mm. Recognising the error in the calipers, Alan makes adjustmentsto his reading and recorded the length of one side of the dice as 12.8 mm. He then proceeds to calculate the volume of the dice and writes down the result as 2 097 mrn",(a) State the three errors made by Alan. (3)(b) Which of the quantities above is a derived quantity? [l]2. Two forces act at right angles at a point 0 as shown below.What is the resultant of the forces shown? Qr - - - - - - - - - RMagnitudeA

15 N B

15 N C21 N D21 N

Direction OQ PR OQ PR

91'1p 12 N o[ )3. Two forces are combined and cause a resultant force.(a) State the one factor that affects the magnitude of the resultant force. [l)(b) State the range of the magnitude of the resultant when forces of magnitude 3 Nand 4 Nare combined. [1.14.James, starting at a point P, walks due North for one hour at a constant speed of 4.0 km/h and then, at the same constant speed, walks 4.0 km due East, finishing at a point Q. In thesame total time but at a different constant speed, Jo walks directly from P to Q. Determine(a) the total distance walked by James. [2)Chapter 1

"'9-'-_.....Copyrighted material(b) by drawing. the distance walked by Jo,(c) the velocity of Jo.5.The reverse bungee is II new and excinng form of fairground ride first introduced in 1999. Passengersboard a spherical cage. and arc then released vertically upwards into the sky. The cage is pulled upwards by a pair of elastic cords mounted on the side of the cage. The diagram shows the forces acting on the spherical cage. Each force has a size of 40 kN each.By means of II scale drawing, determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force exerted by both elastic cords on the spherical cage.10 Underxtendiug 1)I,y:..ic!1o Ihl'ou~h Problem Solving"------'

[5)l2J(,opyngl1ted m'lter" IB Kinematics1. (a) How is displacement different from distance? 12](b) Which of (he quantities above is a vector? II](c) Kathy throws a ball upward into the air and caught itat the same position when the ball returns to Earth. Mid-point of downward motion4mEvaluate the following statements below, making theneccessary corrections to statements that are false.[5] Point ofthrowingb.1l(i) The distance travelled by the ball is 8 rn. True I False(ii) The displacement of the ball at the point that it is caught is +4 111. True I False(iii) The height reached by the ball is equal to the total distance travelled.

True I False(iv) The displacement of the ball at the highest point is +4 m. True I False(v) When the ball is mid-way on its downwards motion, itsdisplacement is 2 111.

True I False2. The diagram on the right shows a spring suspended froma retort stand. A bob is hung below the spring, causing thespring to be extended to the neutral position shown.The bob is then pulled downwards to position J which is8 cm below the neutral position and then released. This causes the bob to oscillate between positions J and K repeatedly.

bobneutral \position - - - - - - - - - -!

Kone complete up 1.I11c1- 4.4

~eDt1. Robert wants to calculate the density of a type of wood. He measures the mass and volume of different sizes of wood samples, Which graph shows his results?A B C DU13SS OlliSS mass n13SSo:f----- volume

o volume[ ]2. The diagram on the right shows two cubes made out of identical material. One cube has sides that are twice as long as the other cube. If the weight of the small cube is W, find the weight of the larger cube in terms of m, where III is the mass of the small cube. [4J3.A metal block of dimension 5 cnl x 5 em x 8 em and has a density of 4.5 g/cm' is released from a great height. Calculate the air resistance acting on the metal block when it reaches terminal velocity. (3)4. (3) Clara made this statement, "Hey! I just found out that our weight drops when you arehigh up in the sky." Is Clara's statement true? Explain. (2)(b) Dolly who heard Clara's statement was curious. She tried this out during a holiday trip and was overjoyed. She told her friends this, "J just found out how I can lose weight very quickly. Just take a trip by plane. When the plane is high up in the air, step on a bathroom scale and you will find that your weight has reduced! What a great way to lose weight!No more dieting or slimming pills!" Is Dolly's statement valid? Explain. [3]""----4-2 Understanding Physics ihrough Problem Solving

Copyrighted materialYou have either reached a page that is unavai lable for vi ewi ng or reached your vi ewi ng Iimit for thi s book.

You have either reached a page that is unavai lable for vi ewi ng or reached your vi ewi ng Iimit for thi s book.


>- 5.3 Centre of Gravit! and Stabilit!1. (a) Define centre of gravity. (2)(b) A long uniform object usually has its centre of gravity at its

[1](c) The diagram shows a 2-m uniform rod of mass 5 kg.A(i) Mark on the diagram the centre of gravity of the rod with an X. [1](ii) State the distance of X from end A of the rod. _(d) The rod is placed on a pivot that is 80 cm away from end A. (i) Mark the pivot in the diagram above with a triangle, 6..

[1](ii) Describe what will happen to the rod. _ [1)(e) Calculate the moments and state its direction for (d) above.

[2](f)Where must the pivot be placed in orderfortbe rod to balance?_[1]

2.Thefigure below shows a 20 N

cantilever hinged at point P. Itscentre of gravity is at point C. 30 N(a) Calculate the force Fneeded to keep thecantilever in equilibrium. [4]

20 em 50cm10 em,~ 5 emp40Nweight(b) The three forces, 30 N, 40 Nand F are removed. Describe and explain what wouldhappen to the cantilever about point P. Use the term moments in your explanation. (2]....._ ..4..6...I


COPYrighted matenalYou have either reached a page that is unavai lable for vi ewi ng or reached your vi ewi ng Iimit for thi s book.







(b) If more mercury is added to B such that mercury level in A rises by 2 ern, describe and explain what happens to the level of mercury at B? (2)(c) If some air is introduced to the space above A, the difference in level of A and B becomes600 mrn, Find the pressure of air in the space in mrn Hg. [2]7.Two simple barometers are used to measure pressure. Calculate the height of a column of water which wiU exert the same pressure as 20-cm column of mercury. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm" and water is 1.0 g/cm"--------mercury water8. The figure shows two vertical tubes P and Q partly immersed in a vessel containing mercury. The space above the mercury in tube P is empty of any gas. There is a small amount ofair in the space above the mercury in tube Q. Mercury bas a density of 13 600 kg/nr' while the gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg.(a) Write down the atmospheric pressure in cm Hg fromthe data above. [I]

p Q- -- f-.77 em

- -60 em(b) Calculate the pressure in Pa, exerted by air above mercury level in Q. (3)Copynghted maiertaiYou have either reached a page that is unavai lable for vi ewi ng or reached your vi ewi ng Iimit for thi s book.



(b) Calculate the pressure of the trapped Liquid. [2](c) If the small piston moves down by 8 ern, calculate the distance moved by the big piston. [3]> 6.5 Pressure Measurement1. The figure shows some carbon diox ide gas trapped in a cylinder fitted with a tight piston. The carbon dioxide gas pressure of value C exerts a force F on the piston which has a surface area S. Volume of trapped gas is V.

surface, area, S

gas pressure, C(a) Write down an equation that correctly shows the relationship between F, C and S. [IJ(b) Calculate the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas inside the cylinder given that the surface area S is 0.008 m', and the force acting on the surface F is equals to 40 N. [2](c) The piston was pushed further into the cylinder, causing the volume occupied by the carbon dioxide gas to reduce by 200/0. Calculate the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas inside the cylinder. [3]...... 58....


COPYrighted materialYou have either reached a page that is unavai lable for vi ewi ng or reached your vi ewi ng Iimit for thi s book.



5. Sam pushes a shopping trolley of mass 30 kg for [6 m. The work done by him is 2 kJ.(a) What is the force exerted by Sam on the trolley'? [2J(b) Some additional groceries are added to the trolley. The trolley is then lifted vertically off the ground for 25 III by a lift system that did 10 kJ of work. The Uft moves at a constant speed.(i) What is the force exerted by the lift in raising the trolley? [2J(ii) Calculate the mass of the added groceries. [3)6. A tractor is pulling a fallen tree trunk along a rough road horizontally. The tree trunk weighs2500 N. The tractor is moving at a constant speed of 1.2 nl/S for 5 s. The pull force exerted by tractor on trunk is II kN.(a) Calculate the distance travelled by the tree trunk for 5 s. [2J(b) Calculate the work done against friction between tree trunk and the rough road. [3J, --'6-2.....

Understanding Physic"! thc()tJg_hProblem Solving




3. A wooden box initially at rest slides down a smooth slope AB and onto a smooth horizontalground as shown in the diagram below, The distance .of the slope is 4 m.A300.LB c(a) Calculate the speed of the block when it reaches point C. 4 m away from the slope, [3](b) Describe and explain what happens to the box after it reaches poinr C. [2]4. A basket ball is dropped onto the floor, As the ball bounces up and down, the height of each bounce gradually decreases. During the motion of the ball.Athe kinetic energy of the ball is constant.

Bthe potential energy of the ball is constant.

Cthe sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the ball is constant.

Dthe total energy of the ball. ground and air is constant.[1

5.A bQXof mass 2 kg slides from rest through a distance of 20 m down a frictionless slope as shown in the diagram. What is the kinetic energy of the block at the bottom of the slope? [3]10m'-- 66...


Copyrighted m aterlalYou have either reached a page that is unavai lable for vi ewi ng or reached your vi ewi ng Iimit for thi s book.



2. Figure A shows a 120 kg box which is projected up a rough incline with an initial speed of40 m/s. The box returns to its starting point 15 s later with a speed of 20 rn/s.Figure B gives the graphical representation of the motion using a velocity-time graph.velociry/m g-IFigure A(a) Find the acceleration in the intervals.

Figure B

(4)(i) PQ. (li) QR.(b) Calculate the distance travelled by the box up the plane and back to its starting point. (2)(c) Calculate the initial and final kinetic energy of the box when it returns to its startingpoint. [4J(d) Suggest an explanation for the difference in initial and final kinetic energy in (c). [2]...._ 70...





3. (a) Explain why gases can fill all the space available to them. (2)(b) Explain how particles of gases exert pressure on the walls of its container. [2]4. The diagram shows a container with one end closed.Some air is trapped inside the container by a piston.The piston can move free!y in and out of the container.The pressure of the trapped air is similar to atmosphericpressure. air sealed containerThe container is heated until a steady temperature of 80C is achieved. The piston starts to move outwards and comes to a stop when the temperature becomes steady.(a) Describe and explain what happens to the force of collisions between air molecules and the inner walls of the container. [2](b) Describe and explain what happens to the pressure of the gas at 80 C. (3)(c)Based on the description above, state the relationship between temperatureand volume of

a fixed mass of gas when its pressure is constant.[I]

The piston is locked such that it cannot move. The container is then beated to 100C. After some time, the container bulges outwards.(d) Explain why the container bulges outwards. [3](e)Based on this observation, deduce the relationshipbetween temperature and pressure of a

fixed Inass of gas when its volume is constant.[1]

'-- 74-'


Copynghted malenalYou have either reached a page that is unavai lable for vi ewi ng or reached your vi ewi ng Iimit for thi s book.








5. (a) Explain why the external surface of a metal kettle is usually painted shiny silver. l2J(b) Will water boil faster if a kettle with a shiny silver external surface is used instead of one with a dull black surface? [2]6. The figure below shows a typical truck used to move fuel from a petroleum complex 10 petrol kiosks.fuellankExplain why the outside surface of the fuel lank is always painted shiny silver. [2])!> 9.5 ChaUen'1. The figure shows a boiling-lube being healed.TIle rube contains boiling water at the top and ice at the bortom. It is observed that the ice atthe bortom melts very slowly despite the boilingwater at the tOp.

Bunsen burner

d'- 18.3 Series and ParaDe. Circuits1. The diagram on the right shows an electric circuit.(a) Calculate the effective resistance of the circuit. (2) 3V6n(b) Find the reading on the ammeter.

[2] 4n3n(c) Calculate the potential difference across(i) the 4 Q, (ii) the 3 Q and

(ii) the 6 Q resistors.

[6](d) Calculate the amount of current flowing through (i) 3 Q and (ii) 6 Q resistors. [4](e) Write down a word equation to relate the currents flowing through the 3 Q, 4 Q, 6 Qresistors and that of shown on the ammeter, [2](I) Draw on the diagram above, a voltmeter used to measure the p.d. across the 6 .Q resistor.[I]2. The circuit on the right shows the lighting system for a household. L" L2 and L3 are three identicallarnps.(a) What is (he purpose of the rheostat (variable resistor) in the circuit? [2]

10 VL,(b) Describe what happens to the brightness of the lamps when the resistance of the rheostatis increased. [2]...... 146-'

Understanding Physics rhrough Problem Solving




0- 18.6]. Which combination of identical resistors gives the lowest total value?A B C DII I[ 1The diagram below is for Questions 2, 3 and 4.The lamps are identical and each has a resistanceof 5 Q. The resistor has a resistance of 10 Q. The v,battery has an e.rn.f. of 8 V.2. Which of the following correctly describes the ammeter and voltmeter reading?Ammeter reading Voltmeter readingA A2 is less than ~ B ~ is less than ~ C ~ is equal to A} D A2 is equal to AJ

V, is less than V1V, is greater than V,V, is less than V,V, is equal to V, [ 13. Which of the following statement is true about p.d. in the circuit?Iilr

V, ~ V, + ~) = e.m.f.V3 - V, + v,

II V1 = V3IV V, < V3AIBIandlI

CIn and IVDI, LII andTV[]

4. Which set of current values could be obtained?Aj15. The circuit shows three identical lamps connected to a cell. J vWhich pair of equations is correct for this circuit?Pgtentia1 Difference CurrentAV=V, + V, + V3

BCV=V=V, + V1V, + V1V,V,

DV=V3

.....-

15..0....


V, [ ]...;;;;.;;

COPYrighted materialYou have either reached a page that is unavai lable for vi ewi ng or reached your vi ewi ng Iimit for thi s book.







4. The diagram below shows a magnet moved near to but not touching an object suspended freely with a thread./objeCI~IS N~I~~x~~Y~The first time, the north pole of the magnet is moved near to end X. This is then repeated with the north pole of magnet moved near to end Y. One of the objects is copper, another is steel, and the last is a magnet itself. Complete the table by matching the material to the results observed. [3]When north pole of When south pole of Materialrna et is near end X maanet is near end YAttraction Attraction No effect No effect Attraction Repulsion5. Two magnets A and B are used to attract some light iron pins as shown below.magnet AN S

magnet BN S(a) Comparing both cases, what can you deduce about the strength of both magnets? [2](b) Predict what would happen if all three pins are transferred to the north pole of magnet A.Explain your prediction. [2](c) Label on the diagram above the magnetic poles created at the pin attracted to magnet A.[I]Understanding Physics through Problem SolvingCopyrighted materialYou have either reached a page that is unavai lable for vi ewi ng or reached your vi ewi ng Iimit for thi s book.











1. The diagram below shows a simple transformer.Laminated Soil Iron Core(a) Label the various pans of the transformer with "primary voltage, primary coil, secondary voltage, secondary coil". [41(b) Describe the turns ratio and write down its mathematical form. [2)(c) Write down the equation that relates the turns ratio to its primary and secondary voltage and current of a transformer. [1)(d) Write down the relationship between the power input (or primary power) and the power output (secondary power) for an ideal transformer. [II2. The primary coil of an ideal transformer has 480 turns. Its secondary coil has 120 turns.

[I] [I](c) Given that the voltage supplied to the transformer is 14 V, find its secondary or output~ltaF. [3](d) If the primary power of the transformer is 21 W, find the current in the primary coil and hence. the secondary current. [3](e) Without making any calculations, state the power generated at the secondary coil. [1)Cha",er22Copyrighted rnaterialYou have either reached a page that is unavai lable for vi ewi ng or reached your vi ewi ng Iimit for thi s book.



6. A transformer consists of a coil of I 200 turns and another 1 Rcoil, with a total of 120 turns, which can be tapped at 40various places. SWhich pair of terminals would you connect to a lamp rated at 12 Y, 24 W for it to be lit normally?ART BRYC SU D TI

240 V ~ 40T20U20 V[ J7. The diagram shows how the e.mJ. of a simple a.c. generator changes with time. What is the frequency and the maximum value of the e.m.f.?

c.m.f.lV0 10 time/ms-2( )8. The diagram shows two coils on a wooden core.Coil P is connected to some dry cells. whilecoil Q is connected to a sensitive galvanometer. A copper ring that is-free to slide between bothcoils is positioned as shown. When the switch Sis closed there is a short-lived deflection on the galvanometer,(a) On the diagram on the right draw the magnetic field line pattern set up in and around coil P when there is a current in coil P. (I)

copper nngcoil I' coil Qrrm rrmII HIY.I I

wooden rod(b) What name is given to the effect that gives rise to a current in coil Q when switch S is closed? [I)(c) Describe and explain the direction of the deflection in the galvanometer in coil Q when switch S is closed. (3)(d) Describe and explain what happens to the copper ring when switch S is closed. (2)Chap te r 22

.....1...8-5----'Copyrighted rn aterialYou have either reached a page that is unavai lable for vi ewi ng or reached your vi ewi ng Iimit for thi s book.




































Understanding '0' LevelIthrough Problem SolvingThis book is specially designed to help students in their quest to understand and finally ace '0' Level Physics.Q-

Theme1>- Measurement

Chapter

1

Physical Quantities, Units and Measurements

1.4Time Measurements and the Penduhllu 61.5Scalars, Vectors and Vector Diagram1.6Challenging Segment 9

Theme

2

>-

Newtonian Mechanics

Chapter 2 Kinematics U2.1Sl2eed, Velocity and Acceleration U2.2Graphical Analz:sis ofMotionl..42.3Freefall222.4Challenging Segment24

Dynamics

1.1 Balanced Forces21211.2IInbalancedForces283.3Friction113.4ChaUengingSegment3.3

Turning Effect of Forces435.1Moments435.2Princil2le of Moments

~5.3Centre of Gravity andStability4!i5.4Challenging Segment4.8

8.3 Challenging Segment

Thermal Energy Transfer76

799.1Thermal Equilibrium799.2Conduction799,3Convect jon819.4Radiation829.5Challenging Segment83

Tenlperalw'e 8710.1Principles of Thermometry8710.2Thermocouple Thermometers8910.3Challenainz Seament90

Thenle

4 Waves

Chapter

12

General Wave Propenies

II-

Quatity

LengthSymbol

I, h ...Unit

km, In, em, nunAreaAm2 ,em-VolumeVm:l,em"WeightWN*Massm, Mkg, g, mgTimeIh, min, S, msPeriod"TsDensity"pg/cm', kg/rn"Speed"

1.1" l'krn/h, mis, cm/sAcceleration+amis'Acceleration of free fallsrn/s', N/kgForce"F, PNMoment of force*NmWork doneW,EJ*, kWh*EnergyEJPowerP\"'1*Pressurep,PPa*, N/mzAtmospheric pressureuse of rnilibarTemperature

Heat capacity{J, T

CC , K J/oC, I/KSpecific heat capacitycJ/ (g C), J/ (g K)Latent heatLJSpecific latentheat I J/ kg, J/ gFrequecy.f Hz

,

,

,,

,

-

,

,

,

,

,

I , , ,

I

,

, ,

J' , ,

,

, ,

.'

.....

-I ._._, .... _,., .'._... , _'._''''_\ ...... ~.

_ . _ " ... ,". .. --f--

- "

-

..

,

..

.

I

,

.-

'.'._

...

'--.

~.. ,,' ..... ,. ,

~

.

. .

,,,V:

..

.~

-

)!>3.1Balanced Forces

1.

(a)

Newton's First Law states that an object

o

_. -.

~

-

..

-

., .

, ,

, ",... .,,_.

,_

'

.

.._ -~.,

"'l'-'~ ',fto

.

- -

-----------

II 'II

r~\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\I~[" II "wallwall

. .. ~, ._." _ _,_..-y . .:.

A6AB6A2A4AC8AD8A2A4A[

(a)Write down its turns ratio._

(b)

State the transformer type.

_

FreguencylHzMax. e.m.fJYA2002.0B2004.0C4002.0D4004.0

o level physics questions

Documents

challenging segment42

challenging segnlent

challenging segmentl

chapter 3chapter4mass

kinetic energy

kinetic model of matter

kinetic mqdel

copynghted matenalchapter18d