ob quizlet3 nursing care of children

8/17/2019 OB Quizlet3 Nursing Care of Children

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1. 2.5 years

milestones

Jump across floor using both feet and off

a chair

Stand on one foot

Draw circles

Hand-finger coordination

2. 2 years milestones Walk up and d own stairs by p lacing both

feet on each step

Build a tower of 6-7 blocks

3. 15 months

milestones

Walk without help

Creep up steps

Use a cup well

Build a tower with 2 b locks

4. 18 months

milestones

Assume a standing position

Throw a ball overhead

Jump up and down

Manage a spoon without rotation

Turn pages in a book

5. ADHD Symptoms must be present between age4-18

Manifestations must be present in more

than one setting

Social or academic impairment

6 or more findings from INATTENTIVE or

HYPERACTIVE-IMPULSIVE

Possible familial tendency

6. ANC Total WBC x %neutrophils

7. Anterior fontanel

closes at.. .

Posterior fontanelcloses at.. .

...12-18 MONTHS

...6-8 WEEKS

8. Artial septal

defect

Loud, harsh murmur

Mild heart failure

Possible enlarged RA

Increased oxygen saturations in RA

Possibly asymptomatic

9. At 1 month...

At 2 months...

At 3 months...

At 4 months...

At 5 months...

At 6 months...

At 7 months...At 9 months...

At 10 months.. .

At 11 months.. .

At 12 months.. .

1...head lag; grasp reflex

2...lift head off mattress when prone;

hold hands open

3...raise head and shoulder off mattress

when prone; slight head lag; no grasp

reflex; hold hands slightly open

4...roll back to side; place objects in mouth5...roll front to back; use palmar grasp

6...roll back to front; hold bottle

7...bear full weight on feet; move object

hand to hand

8...sit unsupported; begin u sing pincer

grasp

9...pull to stand; creep on hands and

needs; crud e pincer grasp

10...change from prone to sitting; grasp a

rattle by handle

11...walk while holding something; place

objects in a container; neat pincer grasp

12...sit down from standing without

assistance; build 2 block tower

10. Autonomy vs.

shame and doubt

Independence

Negativism

Ritualism

11. Bronchiolitis/RSV Common 2-12 months

Cough

Wheezing

Nasal congestion

Fever

Difficulty feeding

Increased RR

12. Candidiasis Candida albicans

Moist areas on skin surface

Pruritic

White exudate, peeling inflammed areas

that bleed easily

Treatment: Nystatin, Amphotericin B

13. Carbuncle Staph

More extensive, swollen, red lesions

involving multiple hair follicles

Multiple boils

Treatment: warm compresses, clean skin,antibacterial ointments, antibiotics,

incision, draining, irrigation

14. Cellulitis Strep/Staph/H. influenzae

Firm, swollen, red area of skin and

subcutaneous tissue

Possible systemic effects

Treatment: antibiotics, warm and moist

compresses, immobilize affected area

15. Cerebral edema Develops 24-72 hours post trauma

16. Cheyne-stokes Rapid breathing followed by apnea

ATI Nursing Care of ChildrenStudy online at quizlet.com/_220k2y


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17. Clubfoot May occur with spina bifida or cerebral

palsy

Identified by US

Treatment: casting;

osteotomy/fusion/tendon

lengthening/shortening if

congenital/syndromic

18. Coarctation of

the aorta

Increased BP and O2 saturation in upper

extremities compared to lower extremities.

Nosebleeds

Headaches

Vertigo

Leg pain

Weak or absent lower extremity pulses

(decreased CO)

19. Cranial

meninges

skull-->dura-->arachnoid-->pia

20. Decorticate

Decerebrate

Dysfunction of cerebral cortex

Dysfunction of midbrain

21. Depression Must be present 1 year in children to

diagnose

Tx: TCAs, SSRIs

22. Developmental

dysplasia of hip

Acetabular

dysplasia/subluxation/dislocation

Asymmetry of gluteal thigh folds, limited hip

abduction, shortened femur, positive

Ortolani (hip is reduced by abduction),

positive Barlow test (hip is dislocated by

adduction), one leg short, positive

trendelenburg sign (pelvis tilts downward

while bearing weight on affected side),

walking on toes on one foot, walk with a limp

Newborn-6 months: Pavlik harness for 12

weeks, Bryant traction, hip spica cast

6 months-2 years: surgical closed reduction

with spica cast

23. Diptheria,

tetanus,

pertussin

(DTap) vaccine

2 months

4 months

6 months

15-18 months

4-6 years

11-12 years

Booster every 10 years*Contraindicated if h/o

encephalopathy/seizures to vaccines

24. Epidural

hemorrhage

Between dura and skull

Short period of unconsciousness followed

by a normal period leading to herniation,

coma, death

25. Erikson Trust vs. mistrust

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Initiative vs. guilt

Ind ustry vs. inferiority

Identity vs. role confusion

Intimacy vs. isolation

Generativity vs. stagnation

Integrity vs. despair

26. FLACC scale 2 months - 7 years

27. Folliculitis Staph

Infection of hair follicle

Pimple

Treatment: warm compresses, clean skin,

antibacterial ointments, antibiotics,


28. Furuncle Staph

Larger, swollen red lesion of a single hair

follicle

Boil

Treatment: warm compresses, clean skin,antibacterial ointments, antibiotics,


29. Haemophilus

influenza type b4

(Hib) vaccine

2 months

4 months

12-15 months

30. Hepatitis B

vaccine

Birth

1-2 months

6-18 months

*Contraindicated if hypersensitivty to

yeast

31. Hep A vaccine 12 months-2 years6-18 months following

32. HPV vaccine 11-12 years (3 doses)

*Contraindicated if allergy to yeast or

pregnant

33. HSV Near a mucocutaneous area

Group of vesicles that itch and burn

After drying, form a crusty area followed

by exfoliation

Healing in 8-10 days

Possible lymphadenopathy

Treatment: Burrow's solution if weeping,

peniciclovir (Denavir) to oral lesions,

acyclovir to redu ce duration

34. IM child

injection sites

vastus lateralis

ventrogluteal


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35. Immunizations 12

months - 3 years

12-15 months: inactivated poliovirus

(third dose at 12-18 months), Hib,

PCV, MMR, varicella

12-23 months: Hep A (2 doses 6

months apart)

15-18 months: DTap

12-36 months: inactivated influenza

vaccine (TIV), nasal LAIV (at 2 years)

36. Immunizations birth,

2 months, 4 months, 6

months, 6-12 months

Birth...Hep B

2...DTap, Hep B, Hib, IPV, RV, PCV

4...DTap, Hib, IPV, RV, PCV

6...DTap, Hep B, Hib, IPV, RV, PCV

6-12...trivalent inactivated influenza

37. Impetigo contagiosa Staph

Reddish macule becomes vesicular

Spreads peripherally and by direct

contact

Pruritus

Erupts easily leaving moist erosion

on skin, dries leaving crustysecretions

Treatment: compresses of

aluminum acetate in water

(Burrow's solution), topical

antibacterials, antibiotics

38. Inactivated polio (IPV)

vaccine

2 months

4 months

6-18 months

4-6 years

*Contraindicated if allergy to

neomycin and/streptomycin and

polymyxin B, pregnancy39. Infant growth Gain 150-210g (5-7oz) per week in

first 6 months

6 months = birth weight x2

12 months = birth weight x3

Grow 2.5 cm (1 in) per month in first

6 months

Grow 0.5 cm (0.2 in) per month in

month 6-12

6-8 teeth eruptions by age 1

40. Infant nutrition Vitamin D within first few days of life

Iron after 4 months if exclusively

breastfeeding

4-6 oz fruit juice only after 6 months

Solids at 4-6 months

Begin with new food every 4-7 days

Veg/fruit at 6-8 months --> meat,

eggs, citrus fruit at 6 months

Weaning at 6 months

41. Infant sleeping Nocturnal sleep pattern by 3-4

months

Sleep 14-15 hours/day and 9-

11hours/night by 4 months

42. Influenza

vaccine

Yearly

*Contraindicated if egg allergy

Must be at least 2 to receive live vaccine

43. Intussusception Most common at 5-9 months; up to age 5

Sudden and acute pain

Sausage-shaped mass in URQ

Red currant jelly-like stools

44. Language as atoddler

300 words by age 21 year - one word sentences (holophrases)

2 year - multiword sentences

3 years - simple sentences with

grammatical skills

45. Legg-calve-

perthes disease

Aseptic necrosis of femoral head

(unilateral/bilateral)

Trauma, inflammation, coagulation defects,

intermittent painless limp, hip stiffness,

limited ROM, thigh pain, shortening of

affected leg, muscle wasting

Treatment: NSAIDs, abduction brace, casts,

leather harness sling, traction, total hipresurfacing

Unknown cause

46. Leukemia Immature WBCs -->

Deficient RBCs --> anemia

Neutropena

Thrombocytopenia

Increased ICP

Tissue fibrosis

More boys and caucasians

Peak age 2-5

Family history

Greater risk if Down Syndrome

Low-grade fever, pallor bruising,

petechiae, listlessness, enlarged

liver/lymph nodes/joints,

abdominal/leg/joint pain, constipation, HA,

vomiting, anorexia, unsteady gait,

hematuria, ulcerations in mouth, enlarged

kidney and testicles

Bone biopsy (iliac crest/tibia)

CSF analysis (remain in bed 4-8 hours)

Tx: induction therapy (remisssion OR


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47. Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi

Stage 1: 3-31 days following bite (erythema

migrans at site), chills, fever, itching, HA,

fainting, stiff neck, muscle weakness

Stage 2: neurologic, cardiac, muscuoskeletal

involvement (knees and weakness in face)

several weeks following bite

Stage 3: advanced systemic involvement

(arthritis, deafness, encephalopathy)Observe b ite for 30 days

Doxycycline if >8

Amoxicillin if


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66. Scabies Sarcoptes scabiei

Spread by d irect contact

Eggs mature in 21 days

Risk factors: nursing homes, nursing

facilities, day care

Rash between fingers

Itchy at night

Widespread, pimples on trunk, blisters on

palms and soles, pencil-like marksHands, wrist, genitals, abdomen

Treatment: Permethrin 1x (may repeat in 1

week)

Treat all people in contact and for next 60

days

67. Scoliosis Must have at least a 10 degree deformity for

diagnosis

25 degree deformity = mild

Cobb technique to determine degree

Risser scle to determine skeletal deformity

Spinal fusion if curves greater than 45

degrees (may need blood transfusion)

68. Sensorimotor

stage

Birth to 24 months

Progress from reflexive to simple, imitative

activities

Separation, object permanence (object still

exists even if out of view ~9 months), mental

representations (symbols)

69. Separation

anxiety

At 4-8 months

70. Staphylococcal

scalded skin

syndrome

Staph

Rough textured with macular erythema

Erythema becomes wrinkled within 2 days

with large bullae

Treatment: antibiotics, saline/Burrow's

solution, 0.25% silver nitrate

71. Stranger fear At 6-8 months

72. Subdural

hemorrhage

Between dura and arachnoid

Due to birth injury, falls, or v iolent shaking

Irr itability, vomiting, seizures

73. Tetralogy of

Fallot

Murmur

Cyanosis

Severe dyspnea

Clubbing of fingersHypercyanotic spells

Acidosis

Polycythemia

Clot formation

Frequently sits in a squatting position

(decreases venous return)

Failure to thrive

Growth retardation

74. Tinnea capitis Trichophyton tonsurans

Microsporum audouinii

Microsporum canis

Scaly, circumscribed lesions with alopecia on

scalp

Treatment: selenium sulfide shampoo, topical

antifungals, oral griseofulvin, oral

ketaconazole if severe

75. Tinnea

corporis

Trichophyton rubru m

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Microsporum canis

Round erythematous scaling patch

Spreads peripherally and clears centrally

Treatment: oral griseofulvin, topical

antifungals, wet compresses, sitz bath, light

colored socks and well-ventilated shoes

76. Tinnea cruris Epidermophyton floccosum

Trichophyton rubru m

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Medial and proximal areas of thigh andcrural folds

May include scrotum

Pruritic

Round erythematous scaling patch

Spreads peripherally and clears centrally




77. Tinnea pedis Trichophyton rubru m

Trichophyton interdigitale

Epidermophyton floccosum

Between toes or on plamar surface of feetMaceration and fissuring lesions between

toes and patches with tiny vesicles on plantar

surface




78. Toddler

growth

4x birth weight at 2.5 years old

Grow 3in/year

Head and chest circumference are equal at 1-

2 years old

79. Toddler milk

and juice

consumption

24-30 oz milk/day --> whole milk to low-fat milk

after age 2

4-6 oz juice/day max.

80. Toddler sleep

cycle

11-12 hours/night

1 nap/day

81. Trust vs.

mistrust

Learn delayed gratification

Trust is developed by meeting comfort,

feeding, stimulation, caring n eeds


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82. Vaccines to protect against bacterial

meningitis

Hib

PCV

83. Varicella vaccine 12-15 months

4-6 years

*Contraindicated if taking corticosteroids, immunosuppressed, allergy to gelatin neomyci

cancer, pregnant

Risk for seizures

84. Varicella zoster Neurologic painHyperesthesias

Itching

Treatment: analgesics, moist compresses, acyclovir

85. Varruca Warts

HPV

Elevated, rough, gray-brown firm papule

Can occur anywhere

Can be single or in groups

Treatment: surgical removal, electrocautery, cyrotherapy, laser

86. Varruca plantaris Plantar warts

Flat warts on plantar surface of feet

Possibly surrounded by hyperkeratosis

Treatment: apply caustic solution, soak area 20 min

87. Ventricular septal defect Loud, harsh murmur not usually heard until pulmonary pressures drop at 4-8 weeks old

Heart failure

Failure to thrive

Small, possible asymptomatic defects

ob quizlet3 nursing care of children

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