ob - teamwork n group
TRANSCRIPT
Teamwork And Group
By:
Kishan
Ravji
Chintan
Pooja
Group : Meaning, Importance, Formation, Types.
Models of Group Development Factors affecting effectiveness of Group. Advantages and Disadvantages of Group. Team : Meaning, Importance. Difference between Team and Group Team : Types, Team Role, measures of
improving effectiveness of team. Process and team based design of
Organization.
Contents :
Group :Two or more individual interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives.
Work Group :A group that interacts primarily to
share information and to make decisions to help each group member perform within his or her area of responsibility.
Formal Groups : Officially formed groups Accomplish complex, independent
tasks that are beyond the capabilities of individuals
Create new ideas Co-ordinate interdepartmental
efforts Solve complex problems
requiring varied information and perceptives.
Implement action plans. Socialize and train newcomers.
Importance of Group
Informal Groups : Unofficially formed Filling in gaps in manager’s
abilities Solving work problems Better co-ordination Channel of communication Restraint on managers Better relations Norms of behavior Satisfied workforce Developing future
executives
Task Accomplishment
Problem Solving
Proximity
Socio-Psychological Factors
Formation of Group :
Formal groups:A designed work group
defined by an organization's structure
Types of Group :
Informal group:A group that is neither
formally structured nor organizationally determined; such a group appears in response to the need for social contact.
Command group :A group composed of
the individuals who report directly to a given manager.
Task group :People working
together to complete a job task.
Interest group :People working together to
attain a specific objective with which each is concerned
Five stage Group Development Model : Developed by Tuckman and Jenson
Models of Group Development :
Forming : Characterized by
great deal of uncertainty about the group’s Purpose , Structure and leadership.
Members “test the waters” to determine what type of behaviors are acceptable.
Storming : One of intragroup
conflict. Members have
accepted the existence of the group, but there is resistance to constraints that a group imposes on individuality.
Norming : Close relationships
develop and the group demonstrates cohesiveness.
There is now a strong sense of group identity and comparison.
Performing : The structure at this
point is fully functional and accepted.
Group energy has moved from getting to know and understand each other to performing the task at hand.
Adjouring : the group prepares
for its disbandment.
High task performance is no longer the group’s top priority.
Temporary groups with deadlines does not follow 5 stage model instead they have their own unique Sequencing of actions:
An Alternative Model for Groups with Deadlines:
1. First Meeting – to set group’s direction.
2. Period of Inertia – become locked into fixed course of action.
3. End of 1st Phrase – Transition takes place, which occurs exactly when the group has used up half its time allotted time.
4. Transition – initiates major changes.
5. 2nd phrase of inertia – follows the transition.
6. Group’s last meeting–final burst of activity to finish its work
The Punctual Equilibrium Model:
Completion
Transition
FirstMeeting
Phase 1
Phase 2
(High)
(Low)
A (A+B)/2
Time
B
Per
form
ance
Factors affecting effectiveness of group :
External Factors
Performance and Satisfaction
Group task
Group processes
Group structure
Group member resources
External Factors Group Members’
Resources : Abilities of members Personality characteristics
Group structure : Formal leadership Roles Norms Status Size Social loafing Composition
Group Processes Group Tasks Performance and Satisfaction
Pooling of knowledge and information
Satisfaction and commitment
Personnel development
More risk taking
Advantages of Working in Group :
Time consuming and costly
Individual domination
Problem of responsibility
Group think
Disadvantages of working in group :
Team :“A team is the small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, set of performance goals and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.”
-Katzenbach and Douglas Smith
Work Team :A group whose individual efforts result in performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs.
Definitions :
Improved employee motivation
Positive synergy Satisfaction of social
needs Commitment to team goal Improved organizational
communication Benefit of expanded job
training Organizational flexibility
Importance of Team
Think about 10 people riding a bus…
Difference between Group and Team
All in one place Heading in the same
direction At the same time At the same speed Under the direction of one
leader Are they a Team???Are they a Team???
In Reality…the 10 people riding a bus…
All in one place Heading in the same
direction At the same time At the same speed Under the direction of one
leader No, they are a Group.No, they are a Group.
A Group is not a TeamA Group is not a Team
Dynamics Of Group
Suspicion
Rush to accomplish
Floundering
Reluctance
Dominance
Think about a Football Team riding a bus…
All players get on and off the bus at the same time Clear mission Interrelated goals Clear goals and responsibilities Strategies with contingency plans Motivating and pumping each other up along the ride
Are they a Team???Are they a Team???
After the game…a football team riding a bus…
Celebrating their success Lessons learned
They a TeamThey a Team
Dynamics Of a Team
Work for common goal
Accountability
Mutual Respect
Commitment
Interdependency
Trust
Communication
But a Team is a Group But a Team is a Group
Work Groups
Work Teams
Goal
Synergy
Accountability
Skills
Types of teams :
Problem solving Teams:They are typically composed of 5 to 12
employees of the same department who meet for few hours each week to discuss the ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the work environment.
Self-managed work teams :A formal group of employees that operates without a manager and is responsible for a complete work process or segment that delivers a product or service to an external or internal customer.
Cross Functional Teams:A team composed of employees from about the
same hierarchical level but form different work areas in an organization who are brought together to accomplish a particular task.
Virtual Teams:Team that uses computer technology
to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal.
Key Roles of Team :
Action Oriented: Shapers (SH) Implementer (IPM) : Completer – Finishers (CF) :
People oriented : Coordinator (CO) Team Worker (TW) Resource investigator (RI)
Team Roles (by Belbin):
Thought Oriented : Plant (PL) Monitor-
Evaluator (ME) Specialist (SP)
Action oriented role
1 Shaper Challenges the team to improve
2 Implementer Puts idea into action
3 Completer finisher Ensures thorough, timelt completion
People oriented roles
4 coordinator Acts as a chairperson
5 Team work Encourages cooperation
6 Resource investigator
Explores outside opportunities
Thought oriented roles
7 Plant Presents new ideas and approaches
8 Monitor- Evaluator Analyzes the options
9 Specialist Provides specialized knowledge
Measures for improving effectiveness of team :
The organization form which is mostly addressing he alignment between structure and processes is commonly referred to as Process based Organization.
It varies from traditional organization in following ways: They design end to end business processes
rather than tasks. They measure and manager process level
results instead of departmental efficiency. They think in terms of customer goals instead
of localized functional goals.
Process Based design of Organization :
Features : Processes drive
structure Work adds value Teams are fundamental Customers define
performance Teams are rewarded
for performance Teams are tightly
linked to suppliers and customers
Team members are well informed and trained
Advantages : Focuses resources on
customer satisfaction. Improves speed and
efficiency, often dramatically. Adapts to environmental
change rapidly. Reduce boundaries between
departments. Increase ability to see total
work flow. Enhances employee
involvement. Lowers cost because of less
overhead structure.
Disadvantages : Can threaten middle
manager and staff specialist
Requires changes in command and control mindsets.
Duplicates scarce resources
Require new skills and knowledge to manage literal relationships and teams.
May take longer to make decisions in teams Can be ineffective if wrong processes are
identified
In the team based structure the entire organization is made of work groups or team that perform the organization’s work
Employee’s empowerment is crucial because there is no line of managerial authority from top to bottom.
In big organizations the team complement a functional or divisional organization.
Team Based design of Organization:
Easy integration Better management, more
control Greater productivity
Advantages :
Disadvantage :
Significant overheads
Arising conflicts
Group and team in details Difference between Team and Group Models of Group Factors affecting Group Effectiveness of Team Team Role Process and Tam Based Organizational
design.
Wrap Up :
Organizational Behavior – Person edition.
MBA handbook – Thakur publication
Sources :
Queries