Obesity in America

DefinitionsDefinitions

• Obesity: Having a very high amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass, or Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.

• Body Mass Index (BMI): A measure of an adult’s weight in relation to his or her height, specifically the adult’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters.

• Obesity: Having a very high amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass, or Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.

• Body Mass Index (BMI): A measure of an adult’s weight in relation to his or her height, specifically the adult’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters.

Overweight or Obese?

• For adults, overweight and obesity ranges are determined by using weight and height to calculate a number called the ‘body mass index’ (BMI). BMI is used because, for most people, it correlates with their amount of body fat.

– An adult who has a BMI between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight

– An adult who has a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.

• Example: If you are an adult (20 or older) who is 5 ft. 9 inches tall …

Height Weight BMI Considered…

5’ 9”

124 lbs or less Below 18.5 Underweight

125 lbs to 168 lbs 18.5 to 24.9 Healthy weight

169 lbs to 202 lbs 25.0 to 29.9 Overweight

203 lbs or more 30 or higher Obese

Overweight or Underweight?

• Classifications of overweight and obesity for children and adolescents are age- and sex-specific because children’s body composition varies as they age and varies between boys and girls.

• To find out if your weight is healthy for a teenager (19 or under) go to this website:

http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/dnpabmi/

Defining Healthy Body Weight for Teens

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1986

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1987

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1988

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1989

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1992

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1993

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1994

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1996

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1997

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1998

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2002

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2003

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2004

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2005

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2006

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2007

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

1998

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990, 1998, 2007

(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)

2007

1990

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Fitness - US Children & Teens

Physical Education in School

Percentage of Percentage of Students Students Enrolled in Enrolled in Physical Physical Education Class, Education Class, by Gradeby Grade

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1st-4th

5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th

Percent

LESS THAN 19% OF HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS PARTICIPATE IN DAILY P.E.

Obesity in US Children

According to CDC estimates, some 6 million American children are seriously overweight.

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

1970 2000

MORE THAN DOUBLED IN 30 YEARS

Physical Fitness & School

"It's a real problem for kids. They're naturally active; then we put them in schools and teach them to be sedentary." - University of New Hampshire

researcher Tammi Martin

• Martin’s study found 88 percent of the state's schoolchildren can pass a four-

part physical fitness test when they start kindergarten or first grade. • A year later, only 47 percent pass.

• By the time they turn 10, when a fifth, aerobic measure is added to the test, only 18 percent meet the minimum physical fitness standards, researchers

found.

Anatomy of Health

20% Genetics

20% Environment

10% Medical Care

50% Life StyleChoices

WHAT HAS THE

GREATEST INFLUENCE

ON OUR WELLNESS?

LIFESTYLE!

Research Proves Physically Fit and Active Students:

• Pay better attention in class• Are less disruptive in class• Retain information better• Are less likely to bully other students• Score higher on standardized tests • Have a higher self esteem

Academic Achievement and Physical Fitness• Study completed by the California Department of Education (released12/10/02)Study completed by the California Department of Education (released12/10/02)

• Data included SAT 9 Mathematics and Reading plus Fitnessgram from 2001Data included SAT 9 Mathematics and Reading plus Fitnessgram from 2001

• Test Results from Test Results from 954,000 students954,000 students in Grades 5, 7, 9 in Grades 5, 7, 9

Grade 9 SAT-9 and Physical Fitness Scores

21 24 28 3137

4535 38

4351

5867

01020304050607080

1 2 3 4 5 6

Physical Fitness Level

SAT-9 Percentile

Reading Mathematics

Why are Learning & Fitness Linked? Dr. Ratey says, "A 12-minute walk … causes the release of crucial neurotransmitters such as serotonin,

dopamine, and norepinephrine.”

“…positive effects result because exercise increases blood flow to the brain… causing the release of nerve-growth factors, or "Miracle-Gro for the brain."

Dr. John Ratey – Harvard School of Medicine

• Is your weight right for you? Do you know?• Some people think they need to gain or lose weight or

change their appearance when they don’t - they worry so much about it they may:

– Develop bulimia or anorexia (binging/purging or starving)– Take steroids &/or work out obsessively– Get surgical implants or plastic surgery

• Explore these issues & the causes of body image perceptions on the Internet … & ask your school to serve healthy food & offer lots of fitness activities & courses!

Body Image Perception

CitationsCitations• BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System http:

//www.cdc.gov/brfss/

• Mokdad AH, et al. The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991—1998 JAMA 1999; 282:16:1519–1522.

• Mokdad AH, et al. The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. JAMA. 2001; 286:10:1519–22.

• Mokdad AH, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003: 289:1: 76–79

• CDC. State-Specific Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults — United States, 2005; MMWR 2006; 55(36);985–988

• BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System http: //www.cdc.gov/brfss/

• Mokdad AH, et al. The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991—1998 JAMA 1999; 282:16:1519–1522.

• Mokdad AH, et al. The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. JAMA. 2001; 286:10:1519–22.

• Mokdad AH, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003: 289:1: 76–79

• CDC. State-Specific Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults — United States, 2005; MMWR 2006; 55(36);985–988

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1985 and 2007

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1985 and 2007

Source of the data:• The data shown in these maps were collected through

CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Each year, state health departments use standard procedures to collect data through a series of monthly telephone interviews with U.S. adults.

• Prevalence estimates generated for the maps may vary slightly from those generated for the states by BRFSS (http://aps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss) as slightly different analytic methods are used.

Source of the data:• The data shown in these maps were collected through

CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Each year, state health departments use standard procedures to collect data through a series of monthly telephone interviews with U.S. adults.

• Prevalence estimates generated for the maps may vary slightly from those generated for the states by BRFSS (http://aps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss) as slightly different analytic methods are used.

• In 1990, among states participating in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 10 states had a prevalence of obesity less than 10% and no states had prevalence equal to or greater than 15%.

• By 1998, no state had prevalence less than 10%, seven states had a prevalence of obesity between 20-24%, and no state had prevalence equal to or greater than 25%.

• In 2007, only one state (Colorado) had a prevalence of obesity less than 20%. Thirty states had a prevalence equal to or greater than 25%; three of these states (Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee) had a prevalence of obesity equal to or greater than 30%.

• In 1990, among states participating in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 10 states had a prevalence of obesity less than 10% and no states had prevalence equal to or greater than 15%.

• By 1998, no state had prevalence less than 10%, seven states had a prevalence of obesity between 20-24%, and no state had prevalence equal to or greater than 25%.

• In 2007, only one state (Colorado) had a prevalence of obesity less than 20%. Thirty states had a prevalence equal to or greater than 25%; three of these states (Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee) had a prevalence of obesity equal to or greater than 30%.