obesity- metabolic alterations, complications and treatment
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Obesity- complications and recent treatmentTRANSCRIPT
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COMPLICATIONS AND TREATMENT OF OBESITY
Presenter NamePresentation Date
OBESITY II
-Metabolic Alterations,Complications & Treatment
ByB.R-Nabila AubeeluckRoll Number 4
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TABLE of CONTENTS
Metabolic alterations in different Systems and related complications
Prognosis
Treatment –Diet, Exercise, Medication & Surgery
Summary
References
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Co-Morbidities associated with Obesity
1.Cardiology IHD
Congenital Heart Failure
High Blood Pressure
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
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2.Dermatology
Stretch Marks (Striae)
Acanthosis nigricans
Cellulitis
Hirsutism
Intetrigo
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3.Endocrinology& Reproductive System
Diabetes Mellitus
Menstrual Disorders
Infertility
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Complications of Pregnancy Birth Defects Intrauterine Foetal Death
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4.Gastrointestinal
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Fatty Liver
Cholelithiasis
Due to increased BMICauses HEARTBURNS
Due to insulin resistance
Low fibre, high cholesterol and starchy food
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6.Neurology Stroke
Dementia
Meralgia Paresthetica
Migraines
Multiple Sclerosis
Blockage in blood supply to brain
Weight gain->more pressure on lat.cutaneous N of Thigh
More visceral fat-> smaller brain volume
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7.Oncology Breast Cancer Oesophageal Cancer Liver Cancer Pancreatic Cancer
A recent report estimated thatIn the United States,14 % of deaths from cancer in men, and 20% of deaths in women were due to overweight andObesity
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Hyperinsulinemia
Hyperurecemia
Diabetes
Dyslipidemia
9.Metabolic Syndrome
Gout
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10.Psychology Depression
Social Stigmatization
Self-loathingStrongest in younger and in women
Less chances of employment, earn less and less likely to get married.
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Prognosis
With BMI of 25-28.9,Relative risk of Coronary Heart Disease is 1.72
Increases cardiovascular mortality rate 4 fold
Increases cancer-related mortality rate 2 fold
In total,severely obese people have 6-12 fold increase in the all-cause mortality rate
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Treatment
1.Diet
DO’s____________________________ Low Calorie diet Smaller meals Increase intake of
complex carbs and low glycemic index foods
Increase intake of mono and poly saturated fats
Increase consumption of fresh fruits,veg and low-fat dairy products
Drink good quality water
DON’T’s_____________________________
Intake of red and processed meatIntake of simple sugars and refined carbsExcessive salt intakeExcessive intake of fast foods and calorie-rich soft drinksIntake of saturated fatsIntake of fad diets
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2.Physical Exercise Muscles consume energy from
both fat and glycogen 30 min moderate exercise 5 days
a week Must be combined with proper
diet for effective weight loss3.Behavioral Modification & Social Support
Psychological Conselling Support from near and dear
ones Obesity support groups
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4.MedicationsSibutramine -An anorectic -Reccomended dose:10 mg/day -Side effects:dry mouth,insomnia,high BP
Orlistat
-inhibits pancreatic lipase-Recommended dose:120mg 3 times daily-Side effects:Diarrhea, gas,cramps
5.Bariatric Surgery Gastric Band
Gastric Bypass
Liposuction
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SUMMARY
Obesity affects almost,if not all,systems of the body
Prognosis is usually bad
Obesity can be treated! Dieting,Physical activity,Medications,Surgery
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References & Acknowledgement
World Heath Organisation website NHS website Cancer Network website BBC website The Guardian Wikipedia National Institute for Health and Clinical
Excellence website Biochemistry-Harper A case Oriented Approach Towards
Biochemistry-Namrata Chhabra Biochemistry department-SSRMC
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“Eat to live; Don’t live to eat!”
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