objective 2: explain & analyze the methods used by the united states to contain the spread of...
TRANSCRIPT
Cold War ContainmentObjective 2: Explain & analyze the methods used by the United States to contain the spread of communism
Review Causes:
1. Conflicting Ideologies 2. Growing Mistrust3. Allies to enemies
Stalin instilled communists governments throughout Eastern Europe• Europe divided by Iron Curtain
Satellite nations: countries dominated by the Soviet Union
Establishing a Policy of Containment
“Stop babying the Soviets” ~President Truman
Feb 1946 George Kennan proposed a policy of containment: • taking measures to prevent any extension of
communist rule to other countries
A bedrock principle of U.S. foreign policy
from mid 1940s to early 1990s
Containment Step 1: Truman Doctrine
Truman Doctrine: U.S. policy of providing economic & military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents
Focus Area: Greece & Turkey 1947-1950: U.S. sent $400 million in aid Outcome: Greatly reduced danger of communist
threat in Greece & Turkey
“The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when
the hope of a people for a better life has died” ~President Truman
Containment Step 1: Truman Doctrine
Effects – U.S.: 1. U.S. officially adopted policy of containment2. Americans assumed Soviets wanted to take over
the world3. U.S. believe it had to fight this effort, with aid as
needed and with force if necessary4. U.S. creates National Security Council(NSC) &
Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) Effects – Soviet Union:
1. Saw U.S. & allies as hostile powers committed to destroying communism & threaten Soviet security
2. Efforts to restrict nuclear weapons as a way to maintain U.S. monopoly on atomic energy
ContainmentStep 2: The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan: Program in 1947 to make Europe rich, strong, & prosperous enough to resist Communism, by providing financial help.• Reinforced Truman Doctrine
Focus area: 16 countries in Western Europe• Satellite nations forbidden from receiving aid
1948-1952: U.S. sent $13 billion in aid to W. Europe
Results: By 1952 W. Europe was flourishing and the Communist party had lost much of its appeal to voters
ContainmentStep 2: The Marshall
Plan
Soviet Reaction:• Stalin saw Marshall Plan as an
attempt to interfere in Soviet internal affairs
• Soviets create Molotov Plan: provide money to aid Eastern Europe
• Created COMECON – to link Soviet economy with E. European economies
Containment leads to Tension 1948: France, G.B. & U.S. decide to unify
their zones in Germany• Federal Republic of Germany
Move angered Stalin• Closed off access to Berlin
Allies no longer have access tocapital No fuel/supplies in to Berlin Force Allies to give up Berlin
or plans for German state
Berlin Blockade = U.S. to the Rescue
The USA determined to support West Berlin as it represented the democratic system.
Avoid war = President Truman ordered an airlift of food & other supplies into West Berlin.
Berlin Airlift
Alliances FormNATO
(NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION) WARSAW PACT
Formed in 1949 12 members
• Noncommunist governments
Pledged military support in case of attack
1st time in history U.S. entered into a military alliance
Effects: U.S. no longer used isolationism
Formed in 1955 8 Communist countries
join in a military defense
Justifying ContainmentYOUR TASK: YOUR OPTIONS
Show how containment was both moral and needed during the Cold War Era
Must include at least 1 policy of containment to showcase its awesomeness!
Must include catchy slogan & definition of communism
Must include 3 reasons for why containment justified
Advertisement Poster • Color and drawings (1-2)
Political Cartoon (1-2) Advertisement Skit
• Roles (1-4)
It’s for the Soviets…