objective 9
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Objective 9. Compare and contrast the three major categories of joints. Give an example of each. Joints. Articulations of bones Functions of joints Hold bones together Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified Functionally Structurally. Functional Classification of Joints. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Objective 9
Compare and contrast the three major categories of joints. Give an example of each.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints
Hold bones together Allow for mobility
Ways joints are classified Functionally Structurally
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Functional Classification of Joints Synarthroses – “together joint”
immovable joints, skull
Amphiarthroses – “both side joint” slightly moveable joints, wrist
Diarthroses – “2 (direction) joint” freely moveable joints, all movements
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Fibrous Joints Bones united by fibrous tissue Examples
Sutures In skull
Between tibia & fibula
Figure 5.27a–b
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Cartilaginous Joints Bones connected by cartilage Examples
Intervertebral joints
Pubic symphysis (pelvis)
Figure 5.27d–e
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Synovial Joints Moving bones
separated by a joint cavity
Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity
Figure 5.24f–h
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Objective 10
Name the six types of synovial joints based on the movements they allow.
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Features of Synovial Joints Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the
ends of bones Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular
capsule Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Ligaments reinforce the joint Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs
Lined with synovial membranes Filled with synovial fluid
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The Synovial Joint
Figure 5.28
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Plane Joint1. Plane joints
Flat surfaces slipping or gliding
movements
Small bones of Wrist & ankle
Figure 8.7a
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Types of Synovial Joints2. Hinge joints
Like a hinge on a door, one side fits into the other.
Motion is along a single plane (flex/extend only)
Examples: elbow and interphalangeal joints
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Hinge Joints
Figure 8.7b
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3. Pivot Joints
Will rotate on an axis
Examples: joint between the axis and the atlas (neck) , and the proximal radioulnar joint (forearm)
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Pivot Joints
Figure 8.7c
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4. Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joints Oval surface of one bone fits into a
depression in another
Biaxial joints permit all angular motions
Examples: radiocarpal (wrist) joints, and metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints
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Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joints
Figure 8.7d
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5. Saddle Joints Each surface has both a concave and a
convex surface
Example: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
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Saddle Joints
Figure 8.7e
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6. Ball-and-Socket Joints A bal-like head of one bone articulates with a
cuplike socket of another permit the most free movement
Examples: shoulder and hip joints
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Ball-and-Socket Joints
Figure 8.7f