(objective) - dru
TRANSCRIPT
unvi 2
(Objective)
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@HTVlcTJJnillnmT ilUlU 400 flU (B.D.I Group, 2554)
2. naajehomo
(Probability Sampling) luiSmTiaan^hath-aiiuiJ-hEJ (Simple Sampling) TeiuiiHnjsrsnnriyTJa
m?mvmsnm'i@$nao'"Ki aiviiijm'jQ^'fiT3nplniyT)tuiJ^nfijj^am>3l<?ioln5rn?
muimTJUi 'ua^riaaj^adi^lunTm^m'iiJ^iuQ'uil 'inn? (Eiuuyn aailin'j, 2550: 47)
Nasn n 1 + N(e)2
r = fhiiJafiTJUflfnnwficnfliflflau^nnmiaw^aEh-a
tuYmrinvmflfmjjfirimfiaauUhnu 5% (e = .05) shtnsQijfmjjniaim 95%
N1+N(e)2
4001+400(0.05)*
400
2
200
@auu^W'imnsi^arin-suaEJfia 200 fiu
3. ehuibyitfrmn
3.1 chuiJ'sasos (Independent Variables) "Ifluri ^nwmnia-swilfjiji^nu TAjqfin?*3JJ
anufmwiJaaflmjflnwnj^uiJuiJ a^Ii^nu
3.2 ormibmvhaj \ r\ rHv^aimiJua^frmn<?iaLi1uvi<Fi iJ?j;naiJ^TLJ mini^nn^
lajilaaflrm (Unsafe Acts) er/n'wnTsni T.jiiJaa^jifo (Unsafe Condition) uat m@mT
3.3 <?hlllIirGr)9J (Dependent Variable)
uwri'i-ari'itila-ari'uaiJ^ivi^Lura-aTua icrivinTJj.
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ifmusfmyi'irnfl
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Liasfni3JcTij1'urnT'n'i-3TUfniJfinu (nmum wftutUcTiiiiTm, 2548:132-134)
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Li ^QH^^ynn^nifiuliJlu^nu-m-ii ^sLilua u^Tny^aETny^nyiJgiT^^n'U^^fi^Tfl
wu rn?l'Kn?sLua'33j^vi 3fnLiiiijTil7-3UET-3 m7rntwi tfa^Tuta'amftflimamvsaaVlwihLi
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fauninfiuaulwamv\ iSLyi'iTruT<?ieici'wnrfiu^lmiT-o-oniU3Jin ^TuflSatuvmSuasfniu^uef s
nn7?sijnEjanm luatin^yim^nunan^nn^s;uTtananmp(iJ7wrifvi3JunyuL<ri3jnlu
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iiasin^myfm^num^iDaanlilehy m77sijnyanmfi^TLim7Lil<?iviun<?i'i-JW7a'Ba^7rijnya'nmiri
unvi -3fiTni~'3J'3Ejl annnfftiiejLyil Tfr Li^luif ^iJuuyjjl^wiajj^^^aiilnBnri'ifii'ri'jJTEJSJnrin'i'i
m7iilnanrnpfm f-jii 'nnHm^iInjvn^ws-aa^iiJ 'ijj'wwwTjin-j =]
q q i
H.w. Heinrich LfluiJfifieiviw^l^nHnfi^mLvi^^rialmfi^aiTfitvs'yiam-aiiT-j 'luTT -anui i l l
aflcnvm'm!<?mir] Iwil fi.fi. 1920 wainriTm^riirnsm amfl^u fiwiu ti}z\ m us^qt
W L%a3jl7S7(?lU, 2553: 20-23)
cnmOTa-oaum^fraifTimjj 3 il rni \ r\
=i H e*. o-to1. eruv^fitfiflwifm (Human Causes) fm-uiufwyiera fta 88% ija^rrmfi^ailfliv^Yin
fiTO- foaETNi.mi mT-ni -iu^ljJTin^a^ fmii'wa'-oiwaa fmaJilT^jJin TmSuafa'ffBiJiffEj-a'lurm
2.a-nmwifi(?i nnifm3JW<awsn^iia^m7a nT (Mechanical Failure) ^huiulhem 10%
ija^rnTLn'?iau'fiLvi?iyinfiTJ ^Tayn^L'S'U a"3W^iilua"u<?iTnoiia^Lfi7a^^n?l3JSLfiTa^Lla-3TT'U
wmmn^aiitum7?iwul>3JL]eia<?irm liIuw
10
3. ruviflYHnfl'innGn-a'Hssn (Acts of God) S^nuTuiwu-3 2% ifluruv mnQ JmUiti
rmnnfiuarH'MuarmfniJfijjlfl lbu vrm unrhw vhm iilueiu
rinwam7flnynQ^Hh-30iU H.W. Heinrich iflfiwsJWVSU-jiaiiaj Industrial Accident
Prevention lutl 1931 ^tilunniilg^uuQfiinw^^iliwmyimjnn?i]a<)nuai Lvi^1aiafi3J0ffi>3
fm^aafljYaluT^riUBU'ufhuTM ml iMimpa^m?mflai7luv^iilu 2 ibtmVlflim
1.m^nTtvin^lsJilaa^jTt] (Unsafe Acts) iilusnm^lwnJyirialmfi^aiTliLVifi fifliilu
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iviiuu
0niv\ nnnm'5n<Jtinn vl3JiJaa5iJify (Unsafe Acts) l^uri
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7)ni7^1^nuT^^l^HaiJn?fui3a>3nuau;111?ja'lUlJf1fia (Personal Protective Equipment)
8)mTU^mf/UiuiirccUJ
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rn-sH^au
11)m?WLianaaTTU?tviii^'ni^u
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fi?aufiTi Yisiensnim'Wu iilu^u
sfTL^'FinnnKfnwniinl^i.jiiJaa^JT'y (Unsafe Condition) Imm
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auemEJ2)rnTinow'-jTii ^iu^lwnn a^
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11
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7)?"Liijvi'W^n wTaaLlnTtul'W'Ni ni^unwia^ iflu^u
ntiifj-gl^CiT'U (Domino Theory) iia^mTm?iaif ivi^ ^nwniriiSayTy^l imJiJTjJtij'ifiQ'ijj
3Jsa<Firmua>3 H.W. Heinrich myiTTuaniTwua-jaLfii'tfi?)!^
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imviSau^nT^STu^iTLi TTuay 5 eninanu t^a^^^u^awya^flwamW^nT<?iSTu^ViliJa3J5i'i3jmi
1.emiWLn^a'aW'WTa/jSvia'-JHa-JlJfl'fia (Social Environment or Background)
2. ?m3JUnma^W<?llJnlilJa-31Jflflel (Defects of Person)
3.m7nT-'nnv\faW?n'WmTtU^l3JLlsia<?irrL] (Unsafe Acts/Unsafe Conditions)
4.aiTfuv^ (Accident)
5.m?Un?H?lJVvfai, JVnL] (Injury/ Damages)
frm 2.2 nfia-fjTiaijTu
(@njji: uiJwiftH, 2554)
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ifluay rm^nwnaimi) riaimn^fniJJiiTnNTa-aw iJnraa-afiuwi (<nViwi?ii<?iaifm3Jile)a ijTyl3J
tin<aao ifauiSy-j sTn^iy) Tialmn^imTmsvii aJiJaa^rryrialwn^aLf ivi^ rialmfi^rnTLn^wiJ
vnrafmmfhjvnLi
YitiHgL<?iJjLU3JNi,7DnffaTO3Jiil'U anl ua-oaiKFimi?! (Accident Chain)"
12
flnsjyitiuffUiSlu vnraanlOTa-aaiiiiivifl lajaTflajTusnfi 1 au ^tif<flvliJnasj<?n3J ^uuvnn
vL3j1imT<?iOTu Ttfl 4 in (\ i\ (if\?\ yu@iYi<t\ Ma^ia-VUifjIu Qfi 3 aan (mfamimzriiYiii}
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w^ilnfiija^ijfifipi) iilwi7a-3^ifnlii1l 'ynnrn>'i Lmisiil'wf-aflm iiJUtifisiJanfl'-atflufltusrsjulictTU
i
Reason Model
mifla^TTuatfluviflflnNvi^nuT^luiJ u ^i i i
^a "fn'13JSa@ UT^3JUa 3nns]flU" lull 1990-1995 Prof. Dr. James Reasonl^lln Domino Theory
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LilinimmiiJfjiJwnuuufiamTiJEJmuyuiM fniyTUtLT^iia-sfmuiJn'WTa'jnfia ^nuQUivnafrnw
The Reason Modeland Accident Causal Chain
Qrganicitiimnj Latent Failures
if=Z? :'1JllEfc, k Latent Failures
FaSedor -@'Absent Defenses
Some: jaajfaa fctmBewcn, 1*
L aieni Failures
fz5"^
Active Failures
ISSsh&ji
mw 2.3 The Reason Model
1. emsjunwia-MnnantTNaa-afrmr imvuuaimmifivm-a tVna^mlufJi inyvvlaTm
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13
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srrnvirn7iJg]Jli'3nul3JLv\ jnser3j iffu Machine vL3JiiluvliJ5n3J3Jn<?i?jTUT0r<?iS?a JTn ^ttfy-a^arn?
m<?iaijfli,v\l
4. n'i7ri7s;'nnflvl3JiJcia^jTy'2Ja-3NiJ|irii^nuunuiiuyLmS'wflf fsiu rnTrtnllnngTSLilyij
rn?in'i-3TUW<?iiWfn<?i rn7vL3Ji aian9riTiiut;<un iSu fu a ib^aiJufiaiiOua^mksTiaLJeratfnyfe
@nilmn iaiT^Lvnii u^T^Liu^raLmSsfnL^^nri inriwiL^LnEJLmf'uria'w6] itiu a^flm fmrhmj
<?iua lie!" Unsafe Condition
tnya-aluuaj'Da-amTmflauiiivi'Fi ^sjja-a^nnmyLmfmtTnLSumtl.iJiiumaulim^ lwi ii i i
lurin^n iJTTwLflaiinmiwai)^u^"ua^^aunaijliJni'u^LU!jLmS"ULLTri uuoamTvnsfnw^fli
aiTniT^uuLa-o ^ liaQn^m^^^a^ilwumam^lii^wuiSumiu^^ad^nOTaiJnvfTa^^6]1 U J
myimfu^viu-j cra-o arm ^a Latent Failure LS'wrTyiL^^aja-olaJmuua^a'inmTnTs'n'i^n-j^fii.d
ilaa$i3TyiLluenivi9iyi3Ja-3iM'WvL5r?-3i.7ym''i Active Failurei
Poka-Yoke *)Zmji\ }-3nWf\ '~iMU$\ ie\ \ \
oka-Yoke iilumwitSilu anuinlil T^Lns ^Sfmajviinyai mTi]a>3rrufmjJw iWen(?i^
fla;ni.vi<?i3jninnifm3JLHaaLTa lauieia ^lurnu-naT-anTiWiitLiymn Mistake Proof v\ a Fool Proof
nia Fail Safe
nviTija'm'UiJTs;riaijm'3 vl(a7iJrinTfiiTa-J3Jn(?i'3|'iy, ISO 9001 wTasJi^ip'Usnnaau6]
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Request : car) vmTurmfunmTJa Tuiiltuvnuwsm
jjn^TrnTlurnTimilnj^nl.TliiliJ car Lwai]a-oTTwrnTifi|?isff-iDa^iltiJiw'iU'W6] (iTiiiu ^niiVAimm,
2552: 151)Poka-Yoke uui3wLfiTajSa#nmyynnlum?i1a^TTufiQnww^wan^^a>3Wun^uT,u?siJu
rnTwa<?i iTul'unT-Ln'umT^fmJ6] faiu n?slJ wm7wa^^mEJ !ua^mJfl ^3JlJaa^ny'L'U@nn7'l@M^u
na-oanm viTaiBu^^yianml'WfnisjrimiJaEln-asjnn vmufluwfivnmn^Qn^Lmwia^wo-ajsjS'fhU 1 "U " 1 1
fnnsjifywny^JJin ^^a-aSriTjH Poka-Yoke maiJa^TTuliilmn^fmaJaituLiJai^nnrnTwS^iia^
LfLiLLas;fm3jerajLiJa'iinnm7<?inn)^aiJtLBis;si}a3jan1,uSwnu
14
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ii 1^a^rin^nn7^^^afaETn7flHa^am7a^aiT^m^LL?i^iw^nn7l^aiJn7mnn7i]a^TTucTTUiJfifis (PPE)
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wan7-ylUYl ^lJ^n^afl nllwl tlc)"LI7"trlS^l'lV>J'l)a-3'WUfl 3 'U (Leung etal., 2004).
15
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liMfmrmua^unrmau6] YiyhTmSfmrnfy-a (Muhammad, 2006) lanemflnurmibsufjUFmaj
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fm3JLSEJ-jU5isrn7il7^LS<uifni3Jit^rrLilua'muiJ7^naijfi^m7 I^LifnaiJfia^fkaufl'nEjyi^Lfifl
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16
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7z\ iui}mi}l?wu,s<t\ viT)Tiii 1% wan. 18001 if ohsas 18001
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18
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2. fl )Wm (Legal Requirement)
3. (Fn'l3J^'a-3rn7Yn-0P7fii) (Commercial Requirement)
4. fm3J<ffaUE773J (Moral Requirement)
5. WWa-anU (Capital Expenditure)
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19
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1.1 fnnmaDofmjjfn'U (Voluntary Risk) * viJjnyno fmyily^^cTjTfi'jU
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22
3.3.2 rmannfhjwawafl
rmSiiaaweiTigJ (Hazard Identification)
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@wayiwy^T.? Lfiia^SawiaivifiUfinii^iJ^a'u^Tny'nH^'a^SiJTstriE/i'iw^my^'walunn^isiJ^
* <=* _ <* ** *".!auflyiuStfuflauiiasiEm^iflufifnaiJflajjnisiJiunniwaflvuvisjfl uascnsmmjiNvi'ya'SziJ
an^iTiEJTiDLL L<?i U3JinauflnaTnmi uuqan<al<?maafn^3Jin6] mati^L3JiflLiin?iiaynn3J
ifiia^Samamfiufi^lmijni^LiaajnjuarnajjHnwI^yrnliJ (majKTalirn^ua^fljjfiTaj
U-5-a-3TU, 2549: 11-14) T.SHlri
1. mfiUfi Checklist
mfiufiChecklist iiluiHiJ^aw^ny T iynTsunuiJii^niiETaiJ^iiyn'i'i "Checklist" III
1<KT,urn7T5i ieraiJrn?^iiU'M>fii)Ti?i3J?in-a"=) "ua^Ii-a^in mafliu<ma"nsmyfi0n^n 'iuunnnrn'j
^niuunflnT sjiwaTuu uuu 'SQniiTaiiil snaiJ^iTyivj'ua ^imw^inyT'ua^n'ijmT^iinn^iu^n^ ]
ma^T^niaaini l ilgiJw^njjsjn TJ Turn^aanuiii] ui^^iumTiJgiJ^^iu tvjangvunumrmTua-a
vilalsj mawnwa^innn? 7Qi)0faiJ3JitinmiTLfiint^a iJ^a -3Tfjl'wTi:>3^nui?iavliJ
I^yyihlilanniuii^ Checklist I iflu 2 iji^mn Imiri General Checklist ^vunnfi^
uiJij<?iTiio^iil'W3JT^75iurnvliJvl3Jiiftwntinnrn)^ ibu imij^'siiisfaij^nungvisjny sjiT55TW^nniJ?wVi
U3J iilu^u uatil^inYi^aa-3 Specific Checklist ^til'UiiiJiJ 'JijaaiJ^aanuiiiJ'uuimao maW
ivi3jntaumjT^<inu^a^^uT^yw?n7mnn<i u^aum?iJgLi1i^nw^angwyny^nufiQn3j^ uas
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3x103
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23
an!bauim uasanflTgnufmsjiJaaflmj via'-3iinrimTaaTmiJijiiijij5i7Qi)sraiJiJTsLnnmiaiqs(R'a-3
^7^^fTaijWfiTaijfiayiJ?si^niftiJVin^nyiJaa^^y^i2uayl^?ijiTQuriauilnliJH
WemnrmrnwaimiD Checklist niril'iaj'il'BlitriiTSiJ^a'w^T'iLii'wavnLL'UQT'uaJiJa-o
au?i?ny^aniim^iiuannwu'n aViH-TU-rrnrrm'u ifmnim ifna-ofia ailrntu ua-fhrmiKTm6]
^nuu^wwam7ffika"ufl7nEJNniJ7s;im^^
(FialiJ uaTi^nnu^^3Jn7tiunwam7fiJ^a"u^Ti )lili^ua^a^ilTS!ifW!ua^^nyii7v\ 7l^m
i3wuuTrin^lum7^nLuwnn7i]a^TTuitasLLTfli)a"w^7ny^^7Q^v)ijl^Lira^TU^aliJ
2.mfiUFi Fault Tree Analysis
infmfi Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) LfluinfiUfiTTiT^iJ-aau iTnEJ^nnaiTfiL^ ivifaaiTi/i'Li
fiyu7-a^m<ai]ULia'ivi7afn5i'ii is;in?n]u maunl,iJQLfi7ns^ncTTL OTa^m7m^au<?i7'i?j'U'Uc] lSu
Lrifiu^iJB^^^yau^ iJ^an^vi nm7yinj^77nQriLiitwTin7Hm^aa^HaLwaTL^7n-^nwniv\ ija^
TTi7m<?iaiJ<aLV\?i<w7aiJ5inyTiEJLi7^ l 7mifmrvmnaiJfliv^maaiJflfifmmL7 mnmmiienvn"a
^fn^n^stn i'iiu waw^i7miv\ wnivi^T^LiL7y^aiTfm^vi7aaiTlrryluivi^m7tuu7n^m<?iiiUTiau1 1 1 1 *!
LiaTunwnLWTiLw^^u^anm7in^Lvi^ni7miL7mnwn^nnivi^m7tir!JaL]as;\ l^u^
w<?irn7tuyayLV5eiTiuiifi^ 'Uvl^au 1l7 Sjnivi i^nTiasi,? irivnmA)in>nsnivi(?i^amim7TULiayan
7"<aijviu-oni)s'n'im7Qifi7n"'i(vna'nm (?iavliJ rn7Qifinw!incnw^avliJ m7QLfi7it;wistu9[<?ia-3LSa
wua'nLvi^ua^rn7ifi<?iivi^m7tuf]aLiuue] -inifliwwBiLna^^nnifm3JiJniAi7a-ji]a^i>fi7a^^n7ailn7m
^7afm3JW9iWet'i(?i nnm7iJgifi^uiia iFiwiu v5^^nnuumt;'nnm7in-0LiHUL'wai]aj7iu<w7aunl"!J
fni3jiiTTW7a'3'M7afni3JH9iwai9i9r-3Tia1mfiavliJ
3.lYlfiUFi Event Tree Analysis (ETA)
infiUfl Event Tree Analysis (ETA) LSuinflUfim7 lJ-3ausi7nai1WaTlfl7nsWias
iJ7siSy,wa^iNfvi7awan7SYiij^tin^!uu^aLua^tSam^fiQn^iJnvi7a^!ua-37siiiin'i7Na<Fi@-Jiilu
Lvi<?im7tuu7n (initiating Event) un vi7ai,ilum7ifi'i<?inn7mE;i'i>3'M'iriwaQifi7n 'wnHafiJtna^fl
m<?im4 ^nrinn7^ifi7ajW7ailn7tULtyvinyv\ aRUTin^nuw^wan^maWri7niiQn^"fliwOTn7tua^
mi?i^u^ama-oinnLV5^fn7tuLL7niri ua^^m^uul. ayn^? JiTarnsr ^smrauaj'HTuaEjmy-al?!
7Qy^iflurin7<?i7Q^a:aiJ7"iJiJfiQn3JLlBia^rry^fladinyiftiivin^7al3Jam vl7 iiluQSrn7il7SLSu
aiTlw^^m^^wiua^^nnaiJn7mw^wan^vi7an7^iJTunn7H^wan^T^y^u^aunn7^ninu-jnud 6
uu^au fia
1)!hkiviflm7m< flwiffuU)
2) ai]ri7tU^fiv\ ri (?h'Ulfm3JlJaa(?irfLI (Safety Device)
24
3) sdho Event Tree
4)alhnEJwa'D'inaijlHvifl
5)mTsnmijaflMa
6)^vhnEJ-aTU
4.mflUfi Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA)
mflUf) Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) lflumfmflnnrhfl*rc'vfonnfni3J
amviaiYilflwiJiiaEjWsiJijn^munn^
Lay^lua^Hnwn??iiannn^yiu^^a^m?w^i?mn^Tfiin^a^L^aT^in^^inaiJn?miL^a-^Q uat
ib i0uNamfi^im^nrifm3JW<?i'Wcn@'uu fm3ja3JiviaQDa^ifila^Saa'ii)ii)'u^^i?3j 'uv\ aivi<?imiru
Y\ mr\ \ \ r\>\ 'u@\ v\f\ \ ^nayn-aiiju ailri7riifiQijfi3JU'5-3miasJLViaTiiluia^L?}j /uiiia^aiTlitvi<?ii i i i i i i
auu?rfD (Safety Valve) fiamviaiiiJum^m^waYhtw^m^iifln iilu^u
FMEA mjnraiviT'ijrniiJ^iSufmjJira-aa'ui.ua^jJiinnfnijjauiviaTua^aiJn'snl uat
fm3ja3jmaii]a-33Tun)s^waiarn?iniaijliivi5i iEulHvljJfianvl^'waunan^i:ijnn?QL?i?'it< aiJn?nI'ni i i
SwamtJTi.ua-3 nam^a fmjjajjmaTDa-aaiJn'stul aiJn'smviw ina^3nnnSaiJn?rua'u6] asjmaijn
riau ua^iJmwnts^Nn^fijniTil?s;iCiu'nQi3JitEJ>3^ifiOTuqinfiii3Jwi5ivjai<?iija^fiiw
lYifiufi FMEA L 3Jis^qtl'HluiJi>3?^vi'in>3Ue)t^^m7aanuiiijIi' -3iu T-Jun 1urn?1'B
mfiufi FMEA ^ 'a-om?TTLiatiaLJ<?iiia>3oua3jarnTaarm.iJijT >3TU^iifj
5.mfiufi What- if
influx What - if ii)uiYifiufi^loDQfrii'j?^^3JBf3Ja 0iia^riajjfiu'nSiJ?^sfijni?iu T iynTJ
^' ^^rltLuyu7^yn^@Jfl^tl^3J^lnu^"ua^n'lJa''u^@5^y^l l>'N^ ;L^' ^1)@3 a''u<?i?iLiinnsrrnwmiiriiw1a
aiTiiv\5T^ifi<?i4'u list Bin) c^wan^nuyilaJiAnib^aM^ ^ntnjj^s^a-jiinsana^iJn^vlu^vilai i^nim-U^^auiniRnwn nm ^nurn?iJ iJii-3TW, huinfiufi jinm?iJT5^Trn*'i<w1a5h<wrn??oii)Sfaii
u^atnaw^a^^nrinw^a^flw^SiJ?sRijm?tufiiv\ ns w^niuunniT.'wm7 Vi f-jflntinsj Ifi^itnuii:1 V
lawn^i^n-ii-s I^yrhliilwwTilaiJiJ'ija^anmj^a^mrinu'finLi^n an3J7timviuimm3Jiiu?n3jTrmsii
^n>3^^a^T?^>3nul^^^wqiLflu^a>3^iawntnnTiiJ^uuiJa^^ifi^i)u^nnfiQnww?iwan^^B^^ia^SB
@wiam^inurn^wa^
wayiT^iJinrirmvh What - if npian^ififJuii jrnT^irnjj ^flj@3a;u<fl?^y^Lny^3ua 3
w?narinwn^tu^Lflna i^7nyvi1aaiJiivi^^Sayw1aan^Lfi^^uV v\ nnun q-3UiwainvL i7iiJJi
25
ibrffmwa^iuUmarm ^yilT"L0ufiQT^iSy^msiJTTa^nnTyai]fij^u^Tny^flayTTWTTU7i3Jw
ii jjtwo yhtfa i ema \ uzr\<fn mum?imvbifTiJvn<?i alii
6.lYlFiUPi Hazard and Operability (HAZOP)
irifiUf) Hazard and Operabiiity Vila (HAZOP) LflmYlflUflyW^un^uTemaflcnvtnTJJJ
ififj ma iJ^^^TnyLiatiJTsiSwfi^n^ilaa^^ija^TiTsuTunnTwa^iJa^TT^jnwua-au^Tno^a
t^LiT^aasjfiTiJ'fimi.mJiInj^nua^nT^inurnTHli?! ^WMK^aihtinSmwua^mTwai?] iSwrnifiJ^
aVn?inyii^^ iia"iJnj^n^an^Lfi^^nriiJgiTlm?LiFism7ijn^Triwnam^iS'UTsiJiJ fitu-'nn^u^it^a^
ifiLiTru?s<fi3j0f3ja^ LwaTLfiTn 'id^nsjLfly^tiJuaanT.il 'iTi aariiiiJiji.T'jj'iri'uaEJaEJn-jl? infiufi
HAZOP iilu^SmT^^'a^lm'3anuat;fmjj( li)|r lum7^niW'um? ^a^w^nitun^^TamcT^
TiTsiJQunnTH5^^^LflLi^iiJuaanliJ^nn^aanLLiJii\ lwnnT^nLuumT^"^a^H'ffa3Jsfl'n''U9'3TLiiLa^
miia^ui'Sixniiii-imv\ r]f\ i malwinT^uu^wiiluiiJayn-aiflu^iiiJ @mwsTN^nttu.TnTsinuTn?
wa<?inasw'UTya;Ug] (Node) lil^u^aa inTsiiTumTwa^iia-sh-a-jnu TnYiuibsiJJUfmmsm^
my-awa ^u^s^a-alwffaLefuauu:: waila>3iTua ^Tnyu:uua"'U'iLa;W0^artnyiJi'wn7 1aliJ
<LuTn7iaanlmnfiufinn? ii-3a>u?iTny'W'U waninnnis^a-a'WnnTiun^^a'nw-tu-ua^
LfiTa^Sauasn7^Lnurn7WR(?iLiaQ LN a^w^nTmn^^^-Jua^mi^nLUumTluTrLi^nfn 'i-j<=) ua-3
Ti^^iU'Fi'Ty ^UK^^lu^n7n^Li^^^^T-3LQani]a>3ri'iT'WT)n7tunlmrifiufifi'i7 ii>3a'u<f;i7nLJ mi
^nmurnT'iia^afTn'UiJT-naijnnin'iTni-i'Mul^ri'iLn'fiU'fi What - if msjisniiYimri-ansn u^luTm
^iiuwrni 'a-al'Sfmuffmaj'fTU'itiJLLatilTsfTUTnTtirK-a infiufi hazop fmea fta aas eta
win n^Tii'BQ^ 'imumTTT-o^nu^wiLLiiJ (Pilot Plant Operation) us"m7aafHiiJLmyEi~iay<?iyn-o
QPiQTlTJ3J (Engineering Design) Lias;vLjilVi3J'lt;OTKnv\ il'5Jl-3riaBfTl^Uas;l,73J^niUUm7 (Construction
and start up) ^si, yn"erwanluTui?iau9iavLiJ^am7^nLnuTin7<?i'i3JiJrifi (Routine Operation) rn?
UynLimaWFlUlJa^lJTlllll^^TU (Expansion or Modification) UamiTBraUfnui'tt^m'nUHfllJni
(Fin-36] (Incident Investigation) l2u#U
7.inftUPi Task Analysis
Task Analysis iflmyifmfilumrkfmswnu L-wa^yiwwfnuRsj-a'iu winvniuasw
ilTsfnu-anu TiFi7-3m7n7nijfi-o7nJiJm7^ntwu^'TU Lia^fmTiJgiTl^nu L'wa^i^TysJiieisi'ff
3'aTiTMU<?im7<n'i-3iu Ueis!3'afn7iJg]jlifi#imyam-jLViJj'isw3J -a^SmT^nLuu-aTULLii-aiflu 7 Su<?iau
1) mrniJ lMnwnilWWaiJYfaviaJfl (Inventory the Tasks)
26
2)laannUQnrifi (Identify Critical Tasks)
3)miUAiruUfla'urmvh-a'm (Break Tasks Down into Step or Activity)
4)mivnausniEJ (Pinpoint Loss Exposures)
5)ibsajJUlbsHYlt/nyi (Make an Efficiency Check)
6)mvm<?i3Ji<?n5iurmfnimy (Develop Control)
7)MUutfamvmflnn^Vh^UVlTatfafmiJgijii (Write Procedure or Practice)
@dumyifiufm ifl-u^uulurn-jiifi'sit^nuI^ow^nTfuiluiia^fmsJilaa^rr j finwrm
ua^ibstvmrnvwa^nulmianifiEnmi uanhiniflyhtfarhvmfl (Work Procedure) @uariTwu i
vila^ail^iTl^nein'iniviu^TJ'UJjnninnwiJgijiiraluw'u^ T^ymfiufiw~iJ'Jt0fiJfnnjjanL?i)vL?i' iTEJ
l^Sm?u^^v1nl^^amvi'W5ini7'r1i^nuiias'55'afiTiiJf|iTI'MW'Rrufii SiJ^Tytiu uatsf 5nn(?iam?
ilg^ua>3<nnfiu
8. mfiufl Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
rniimn^numafnnsjiJaa^jTy (JSA) ifrn7u^ <nin?funluLia^ija^fm3JiJaa^/ry
uasan^iaunaTy iilni/la^ifiinjfia^ wa^T. siini'wrn 'nnonuiJaa^n'EJwnmju T^Lirn^umaiwa
ni?Tifi?nt; uatiJ7iJiJ^Linliiyi 'niLil1u3'amvi'u<?il'um7<nn^i'u (Work Procedure) iviawwuTLilu
uiftipumimj-w,@" *) iw TWfnnjJiJaa jTu fauu JSA S5'u?ianvia'n ju
1)laanrmYtaziimnswmafmwilaafljTti
2)^TiuurniTifiTi^iumafniwilaa^jTEJ
3)uij-3i,mn^Twwifi'5"it'WBaniilumi> iau
4)^uv\ a t^?in^an^^tmrauluu^a 'imi?ian'!ija>3>3i'u^QLfi7n 'v(
5)ianaun~mam?i]a^nuaui?ioua~ilfiJil7-3un*liJ
6)iJ?iiil unvl'iim?iifi'Ji^i'umafiin3JiJaa<?irryiil'U7SLit
:..j
27
emn>32.1 'ai>3nan'ija>3nn'3<H9n-5ntn6lamfi'Uf)nn"s2ii>3a'u0i?nynT5^ntuMm"32ja>3anTw
LbsnauftanTJ
vwiamei oUD3jH
iilnvi3sny2ja>3m'3iJ'T3^?ni*'iimijn1w3'niifHFiu^gi'3'M)'5i3J
li]iVl3Jn!Joua>3rn?lJT5 ?nH'lUlJlin1wafi'nnfl'uSs')U'5'3SJ (Total Productive Maintenance:
TPM) nfia nnTtiawih^ifna^n^aflinw^nunryaan^aiua-a ^iflunnT'inti'lwa-afi'rn
mnnliij*k wsj-awsrmnfia rn-jn^t^nl^un^Tuw^iailiilamjI^^nuuatLfii-aj'Bn'j ^^TViTja-a
m?-;iJa3jijn^7nwnuiiimQNa^Yin'fi<uS^n'JT3j nliaiiJafi!B'UOTB-3nsn'l'urn?Hi,fi1a>3^n? l,urnii
WEifl
iiifna^mn^^^a^ifmifrfa^adflaaflncn ^vnnmi?muaiiianTwijawun>nun)~fj3jafh
wawl1^ 10% rma rn
\ mfmflrmBiJaauGma
mf^miaswamn(R&D)
rrnaamiiiiJ
aaruujLunyasia^Yn-j
riacnn-3uasi.7Jj^niuiurn"5
@UEnavvfaiJfijibVfo 'iu
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Checklist
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HAZOP
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FMEA
oo@@
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FTA
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ETA
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28
rniiJni^fn^-iWTa^wiTLiiJDniwa^nnfiiiflctQuiTjj (TPM) iflunayriflwrn'tiawLhT^
Lfiia^wT^Ejl'wsJmamywaTiil.Tl'Hmja-afi'n? T^iuJTBnjTua-j tpm Lilniwu|Tul'wrfiJrni^ini7
^TUnTwT^EJTTSJ (TQM) ^amiVicrmihsTm (Ramasamy, 2009: 17.27-18.28) Ha
1. TiJ7im7W^nTi<im7iJn7^7n nif)7a^w7T^J7Q^^a^fTiJ?vi'i'ns ijfr-o
2. wiTn^nu^-^a^SanuiqlumT^ful lunnTm^u^iTefn^aiJiJnT^Lfiia^^nTUei^SniT
i] a-oTTuiriiri mia riT
3. ^^^a^lw^LJ^ncinl'urinT'iJaiiiJ'iT^uasTUtfita^TOTlvsaJ
4. LiJlynRQnwflOTa^wumnuis iJiJgiT^mTlusnynnTNS^lw^u^fiQniisn^lumT
OT3JuiT-37nwnm1awi7
a-mfiWTUiia^iiTni) ^^^ifeysna'iynQU'iuiua-oii'iriri'iT'iiaajij'ii-oifiTa^ n^iLlun^nTTW I.jJ
rialmn^nnli ayn-jlin^niiviy^i. uifita^wii (Down Time) uu <^a4aulmwu<frm^rn?wa<?]
iliziiiu iin^nTmnunnTTanisijQwnniwS^lwu^r^a^nitTinaun^TT^mi'walsJl'^ri'iTwSi?!
v\ ws-3ri Lilnviyny^a^nnT^awijnT^n^aTinT TT^l^SmT^aiiijn^L^Ta^wTT^yana^nuad^
SmT^awiJn^iR?a^WTuan^n7n>3mT^aiiiJiT ^ny^l^mwu^l^uuNumTwa^l^uaEJ^OTirin'n
fmihidim w\iS-a U a -a f\
Ramasamy (2009) iflnsmTrri m7fla^?Tu7ninfm:hm7ifjaTmYivi&i rmirrafrim
imunTwafinnfi'uSshuiTy fts rnm^iiwnrn76iJajJ!iJi7^WQViani>Sy^iPiia-owiTluT?^^nuoffT3<Fi
m7ijn7-3TnHnL^ila-0TTuiSnff^iSmTsiia3JiJi7-a fwa^i)^l!naiJT3j'wiwn^ni4Tt;<FriJiJfiiTfm?L'wa
i]a>3TTufl ^^H^wa^(?lLLe)^^ylmlflTaJ^rlTll l"alJnTm(?i'l^6] iwTT-j-JiuWflaiEjmTH-oTuyuLmi j i
mTuni^ffiH-imila TTWLiii aaniil'u 2 ism m
1. mTUn7 ?ntnL Lla Trwuijy<?iaLua^i
2. m7]jnT>37nwnmi]B>3TTn^wm7V)LinnTtu^Qn^^a>3mTlumTmT-jfriu-ni i
1) m7lJnp7nwnL'fi7B^W7lJ7^Tru (Daily Maintenance)
^frn7iJ'i7^Tn nLfi7a^^n7iJ7^iT'ulmm m7innfnn3JcTsan<Fi m7i,iJl Ju--dny
"Wimufrfa-j n 'ifuasl'wsi^n^6] luififa-^wi?!^^ miftQUimim^um ^a^i Wiit; a^mm7
un7^7nifnaiJmmLiaa?na^w7iv\ nuLflu^
vnnnmmflia^inTimfl 1^1aifiTa>3^nTSa'ini7w iiJni'yN'un^nu?s^iJiJgiTlirnifn7i)riiq13l'vi'
wwunsbunu (Foreman) ymutTUYi unehaEhoimi vimdmiwnnuuiuuu@ snrNrnTflasj
2) miiJi^?nwiiJ^qi^iJ<?ni( (Weekly Maintenance)
ifm?iJi^TnwniJT^isiJ^n^rd7i^a^ia^^winninnn?^ayiJi^7nwiiJ^qnTu
ina^inn^a^ifTSjfmjj^'u uatamvi/iSuiLiJu^Ti' ^Tfj yn^am^iHummua^a<acnvmry3Jnus i] <\
) milJi^TnHinfJt^a'U (Monthly Maintenance)
Qfnn7iJi?^TnH'T3iyL^a'U'UU^tn3jn[j tLa[ji?iy)nam>3mjJii3Jnnn<?n7i>3rn7
n)s a-oSrn7erQuiTOefrn'noija>3uij<?ii^a1 ^Ti^afniwifiTa^^u^Tn
4) m?lJl^Tnwi?Ttjtl (Annual Maintenance)
nn?il<?iTii >3i'uma^i)^Da3Jifiia-o^nTLilufiqnT'?3Jvia>n^oi^6iia3JiJi7>3ios;^B>3|?iua1 V
iriwsnjau ^m?wD^>3iulwI?>3^umani^awLfi1a^in?wu^^in^iiln^uyi'Ufiin3JLS-yvin[jrin^lui i
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rn'5iJ'Ti>3?nmifiiaj 'n'sen9J^TW j'in'5nifmjj(n'aofn? mi^atLBfj^^^alilu ^a
iJ?wyi^^viyin?mfiinwi LJVinEJija^aiJn?rua9^ifi1a^^n7lwnni:Tin^uI^yH^BW^
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< a^Ti'<?in)iri^Lis;nanral'umi6iiajJiJn?-oii]'W5iu'ii'a3J a'ifrnj ani vl?n<}n3jm?6i}ajjiJi^L^B^q'n7n
fiQ?^i)^a^a'ifjrn?H>3i'u<ua^ailn^n4iian^iJijrn?'ni^TUiiluvia'n ^^r^a^S-s^uiirni^^Tiiaraij
ifiia^^niuasaiJn^rufiSaiLjrniH-Jiu'UTU^QfJima^SaijTJiiiefaiJ (Inspect) uiiiiwipm ^rn-s^au
im- iaiw^nwmn?m^Qiw a^mi;nqra^^ins/iiwmT^nnw^a^ifi7B^^n7l^yw1a>3in?ua"
ailriTnlnnT'n'i^iuiMciiuHnivi'u^TsiJijT.w'nn^inuiJiia'ffiTusTI ^uu^fmTiiawiJiT^unliJi ^
fiftafl
30
-T5iTiiJT"Br ffiJa^mTijnT^TnM-nLLiJiiriTW5i^ririifiuSct'iUTQ3J (TPM) nfia mTiJ^aiJrmufi
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wariT^riiJmJwawS^ua-iilwwniw^l^a^^TiJn^riul^^LTnLTLinQnmT^awijnT^w^nnnT^a
lfna-owmiSam<?im7'ih7<?l (Maintenance Breakdown) nuia^ (Ramasamy, 2009: 18.3)
UT3?VlBf13J'lTIlL'W3JlJTsfnBTnV)1Ja^lflfa>3SaT^y'JT3J (Overall Equipment Efficiency: OEE)
luTTMiuTflaan^mBrmari (Pillar) ija-JTinTiJnT-ofnM-nuiJiJnTwa^'nnfi'wflEtTUTTaj (TPM) i3u<?nm
flTVN 2.4 laiViemua-a TPM (Ramasamy, 2009: 18.27)
31
1. lermsvn (Pillar)ienviarm 1 5 s vrla 5 fr
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2. isnvsariYi 2 Jishu Hozen (Autonomous Maintenance- m7^Blllh7^lllJlJaVlu3j1i) :
JHAMa^^nTfiQi^sl^iTTi^nuiJfiiT^nnTlu^iynnTwS^TiJw^^aiJnnT^awijnT^TnM'n
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iJ7^cTiJfnn3Javiifn)UUn)^^a^H'TumTllnaiJ73J niTwavi-anu rnTi^Tn-aTa liIu^u vnTrwun-anu
ilgii^rn? ^ iR'Ul|?iL<?i7iJ3JaiJ'MJJnLJ 'un'nTOrinri'i7sffa3JLnT^7n 'ii,fi7a^n)n7U5n nfn?nii"?ia-33Jrn7
Qn^LiwumuJTUiJT mT'wy^rnTL^'ui.fiTa-j immra^nu l^EJjJTiyasiaEJ'a^^aLilu
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iiasm7afl7au7"ysnsnluTn7wa$i 30% <?iai]
3. urmarm 3 Kobetsu Kaizen: KK
Kobetsu Kaizen (KK) uu 3j-3ntulil^rn7a?iiLas-nn ii)a-3iSy -3 KK sj-uuurm
il7iiil7-3rn7wa 'l'wClil7:;tnfTiTW malwfla77nil7sTyofful'UL7ajiJa^aiJn7m @wun-aTUilgiT^fn?
T infiii iia"iwa -3'iu
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Qfnn773Jii,a-uwuniJf|iTf m? f-a^^TSj^Tnuiflu^u KK Project twain'im7a(?iaiJn7nI^tf yiwviaa
uaynra
32
emia 2.2 A^najfJtyiffevismtus^Fm?
4. urmarm 4 Planned Maintenance (n in^UWWrntfaJJlhii-a): PM
i^n^^nwloin^imunn7^ai]ijnT^^QynnTy)Li'iri7tufii'iJj^a^nnTliurinTftJa3Jijn7-o
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4.2 fmwunifafialumTiJTiiib^aiJmmua fiib^m
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4.4m?a'n7a-oasl'Heiifi7a^WTvlT'w!'a3jH^cia<?inpn
5. ignviah^ 5 Quality Maintenance (mTgia3J3Jn7-aayi-3WRtnrn'W): QM
fiiin77jJuajiBriv\ Vifi 5 Isuri rnTTinv\ <?iifi7a-3 rn?fi i"i!d1.'WTn7wa^tuml S
finurm -3m7stfa3JiJn7^ifi7a-Jwi7a]n^Sinm7n'W nia (Quality Management: QM) Imiri
8.fm3JS'njLSy^nn(?nTn^mT'MLi<?imT'n^nui2ja-j
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33
5.1ua-aifmfluflua
5.2H^mTlJmAWmih-mwmrrm (Quality Assurance: QA)
5.3nniila Truuvisi-arnTin^nja-aiSyl'UTnTwS^
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6. un^arm 6 Training (rmtlnainaj)
#iviiiJi^vi Tilmfa !ua^mTllnaiiTyuw^mwluLTa^ija-jm7l'Hfi'injjf rrnflnrrny~
7. ifrmsrm 7 Office tpm (m7ijn^7nynuiJiiyiiHa <nrifi'udchu7T3j'luaniUTi-3nu)
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12 iJ7^rn7^<Fiavlilu
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7.9 i?nn3JcTniLiJeinTnnm7lmQfnl'um7L7ynLfa3ja@U " 11
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8. IWT^ahfi 8 Safety, Health and Environment (ai!baun3JJ fmuilsa^jTyua^
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i i ii " i
34
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O C\_ jCk2m<nauni'5on!,uttri3fm3J 5?i
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35
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36
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