• Objectives:– Define the Progressive Movement– Identify the 3 C’s of President Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

program

– Identify the 3 parts of President Wilson’s New Freedom program

What is the responsibility of government?

• Period of US History which lasted from 1890’s to 1920s

• A group of people who sought change in– Social justice

• Laws improving working conditions• Prohibition

– Economic– Political

•Direct primary elections for nomination of candidates

•Popular election of Senators•Anti-trust regulation

Define the Progressive Movement

– Started at the local level and progressed upward to state and federal levels

– Reformers were mostly middle class– Pushed for social justice, general equality,

public safety, control of trusts, and free trade

Define the Progressive Movement

• 1900 President McKinley ran for re-election with Theodore Roosevelt as his running mate. – The Democrats again nominated William Jennings Bryan

and made free silver and the economy the focus of their campaigning. McKinley and Roosevelt sailed to victory.

• September 6, 1901 anarchist Leon Czolgosz shot McKinley. An unemployed laborer, Czolgosz claimed to act on behalf of the poor and the forgotten.

• During the Gilded Age U.S. presidents generally took a hands-off approach to government.

• What type of government would this be?• Roosevelt, however, believed that the president should

use the office as a “bully pulpit” to speak out on vital issues. One of his goals was to fight against class distinctions

Roosevelt Becomes President

• The Square Deal– Became 1904 campaign

slogan– “See to it that every man has

a square deal, no less and no more”

1.Limit the power of trusts2.Promote public health and

safety (Conservation, Consumer Protection)

3.Improve working conditions

Identify the 3C’s of President Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

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• US v. Northen Securities Company, controlled by J.P. Morgan and railroad barons James Hill and E.H.Harriman. Supreme Court ruled that the monopoly violated the Sherman Antitrust Act and ordered the corporation dissolved.

• Roosevelt administration launched a “trustbusting” campaign. It filed 44 suits against business combinations believed not to be in the public interests.

Consider whether or not President Teddy Roosevelt is appropriately nicknamed the trustbuster

• “Bad” trusts did such things as forcing companies to give them discounts or rebates, selling inferior products, competing unfairly, and corrupting public officials.

• Congress passed two laws that turned the Interstate Commerce Commission into a significant regulatory agency – Elkins Act, forbade shipping companies from

accepting rebates, or money given back in return for business.

– Hepburn Act, authorized the ICC to set railroad rates and to regulate other companies engaged in interstate commerce, such as pipelines and ferries

Consider whether or not President Teddy Roosevelt is appropriately nicknamed the trustbuster

• Microsoft• Intel• Medco, Advance PCS

Identify Modern Day Examples of Trust Busting

• Clear evidence existed that some drug companies, food processors, and meat packers were selling dangerous products.

• Scientific development had enabled industrial chemists to add substances to food to make it appear fresh. – Formaldehyde was added to old eggs to take away their

odor – Catsup, contained pulp, skins, unripe and overripe

tomatoes and preservative • Drug companies sold worthless over the counter medicines

that contained alcohol, cocaine, or morphine. – “health tonics” could cure everything from baldness to

cancer – compared the label for Mrs. Winslow’s soothing Syrup,

used to bring pain relief to teething babies, with British label for the same medicine. The British label marked the tonic “poison”

Recognize the impact that the Meat Inspection Act & Pure Food and Drug Act had on holding private business accountable for their actions

• Reformers worked to put pressure on the government to pass laws requiring manufactures to use pure ingredients in their products.

• Women participated in this movement • “Mary had a little lamb, And when she saw it

sicken, She shipped it off to Packingtown, And now it’s labeled chicken”

Recognize the impact that the Meat Inspection Act & Pure Food and Drug Act had on holding private business accountable for their actions

• 1906 the U.S. Congress enacted two new consumer-protection laws. – Meat Inspection Act –required federal

government inspection of meat shipped across state lines

– The Pure Food and Drug Act-forbade the manufacture, sale or transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients. The law also required that containers of food and medicines carry ingredient labels.

Recognize the impact that the Meat Inspection Act & Pure Food and Drug Act had on holding private business accountable for their actions

• Mass-circulation independent presses emerged around the turn of the century

• Changed the nature of print in the US• Instead of partisan publications, the national

media was now more independent• Became a watchdog group• This era was the beginning of investigative

journalism– Muckrackers: a group of writers who, between

1902 and 1908, exposed the evils of business monopoly and government corruption

Identify the role that muckrackers played in exposing the political corruption and social ills that were rampant in American society

• Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

– Describe in vivid detail the filthy, disgusting conditions in the meat packing industry• Rats, putrid meat and poisoned rat bait were

routinely group up into sausages

– Influenced Roosevelt and his policies

Identify the role that muckrackers played in exposing the political corruption and social ills that were rampant in American society

• End of the 1800s – the country’s public land was being lost to greed

and mismanagement.

• Lumber and Ranchers – Gifford Pinchot was a strong conservationist,

forester, and a friend of Roosevelt. He first came up with the word conservation to describe the need to protect the country’s natural environment. “The conservation of natural resources is the key to the future. It is the key to the safety and prosperity of the American people”

Identify President Teddy Roosevelt’s most enduring accomplishment (Conservation)

• Roosevelt set aside nearly 150 million acres as forest reserves. Congress created national parks and wildlife sanctuaries

• 1902 Congress passed the Newlands Reclamation Act. This law allowed money from the sale of public lands to be used for irrigation and reclamation-the process of making damaged land productive again.

Identify President Teddy Roosevelt’s most enduring accomplishment (Conservation)

Identify President Teddy Roosevelt’s most enduring accomplishment (Conservation)

• Booker T. Washington was the 1st black man to dine as a guest at the White House in 1901

• Roosevelt appointed the first Jewish Cabinet Secretary

• Roosevelt was the first president to be under constant Secret Service protection

• Roosevelt was the first American to be awarded a Nobel Prize – 1906 Nobel Prize in Peace for negotiating

the peace in the Russo-Japanese War

Interesting Information

• Roosevelt was just 42 years old when he took the presidential oath

• Renamed the Executive Mansion the White House • In November, 1902, Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt was

hunting bear in Mississippi. Apparently the hunt was not going well. His guides eventually found a baby bear and tied it to a tree to give the President something to shoot. The outraged President refused to shoot the bear cub. This act of sportsmanship was illustrated in a political cartoon appearing in the Washington Post and "Teddy's bear" became very popular with the country. This is where the name "Teddy bear" comes from, and hence Pooh's fashionable moniker of "Edward" (Follow me from "Teddy" to "Eddie" to "Edward"). Anyway, this bear is no relation to the one Christopher Robin Milne saw in the London Zoo as a little kid.

Interesting Information