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Page 1: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 2: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

ObjectivesObjectives Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during

the early Renaissance. the early Renaissance. Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

in Italy and in Northern Europe. in Italy and in Northern Europe. Describe new techniques in painting and printmaking Describe new techniques in painting and printmaking

that become important during the Renaissance. that become important during the Renaissance.

Page 3: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Things to Know forThings to Know for

The differences between the two cultures:The differences between the two cultures: ITALY ITALY change was inspired by humanism (emphasis on change was inspired by humanism (emphasis on

past)past)

NORTHERN EUROPE NORTHERN EUROPE change driven by religious reform change driven by religious reform (Reformation), Christian values, extension of Gothic art. (Reformation), Christian values, extension of Gothic art. Interest in symbolism, realism & naturalism Interest in symbolism, realism & naturalism Women painters have higher statusWomen painters have higher status More emphasis on middle-class and peasant life.More emphasis on middle-class and peasant life. Painting in OIL, developed in Flanders (adopted in Italy)Painting in OIL, developed in Flanders (adopted in Italy)

NORTHERN NORTHERN RENAISSANCERENAISSANCE

Page 4: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Historical BackgroundHistorical Background

New middle class from personal wealth instead New middle class from personal wealth instead of inherited wealthof inherited wealth Many Art PatronsMany Art Patrons

Focus on Focus on HumanismHumanism Extended EducationExtended Education

Led to the Protestant ReformationLed to the Protestant Reformation

Page 5: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

……ContinuedContinued

Burgundy = Central France, Belgium, Burgundy = Central France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the NetherlandsLuxembourg, and the Netherlands

Intuitive PerspectiveIntuitive Perspective Approximating the appearance of things growing Approximating the appearance of things growing

smaller and closer together in the distancesmaller and closer together in the distance Atmospheric PerspectiveAtmospheric Perspective

Applied to landscape scenes based on observation Applied to landscape scenes based on observation that distant elements appear less distinct and less that distant elements appear less distinct and less colorful than things close bycolorful than things close by

Page 6: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Annunciation, Visitation, Nativity, and Flight into EgyptAnnunciation, Visitation, Nativity, and Flight into Egypt

Champmol Altarpiece

Melchior Broederlam

1393-1399

Oil on Wood Panel

Page 7: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Well of MosesWell of Moses Life-Size Stone Life-Size Stone

FiguresFigures Old Testament Old Testament

ProphetsProphets DistinctDistinct

Well of Moses

Claus Sluter

1395-1496

Limestone

Page 8: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Tres Riches Heures(Very Rich Hours)

Limbourg Brothers

1413-1416

Three Brothers: Paul, Herman, Three Brothers: Paul, Herman, and Jeanand Jean

Entered the service of Duke John Entered the service of Duke John BerryBerry Very Lavish Book of HoursVery Lavish Book of Hours

Selection of prayers and readingsSelection of prayers and readings Included both peasant labors and Included both peasant labors and

aristocratic pleasuresaristocratic pleasures

Page 9: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 10: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Women ArtistsWomen Artists

Typically learned to paint from their relativesTypically learned to paint from their relatives Formal apprenticeships weren’t open to womenFormal apprenticeships weren’t open to women

Page 11: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Book of HoursBook of Hours Pictorial Space – Pictorial Space –

WindowsWindows Mary of Mary of

Burgundy Burgundy appears twiceappears twice

Rosary = Mary’s Rosary = Mary’s DevotionDevotion

Carnations = Carnations = Nails of ChristNails of Christ

Iris’ = Mary’s Iris’ = Mary’s griefgrief

Mary at Her Devotions

Mary of Burgundy Painter

1482

Page 12: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Fiber ArtsFiber Arts

Flemish tapestriesFlemish tapestries Lavish DetailsLavish Details Finest in EuropeFinest in Europe

MaterialsMaterials WoolWool SilkSilk SilverSilver GoldGold

Many tapestries didn’t survive the French Rev.Many tapestries didn’t survive the French Rev. burned to retrieve precious materialsburned to retrieve precious materials

Page 13: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

The Unicorn TapestryThe Unicorn Tapestry People and animals in a dense field of trees and People and animals in a dense field of trees and

flowersflowers Unicorn:Unicorn:

Cloven HoovesCloven Hooves Goat’s BeardGoat’s Beard Horn thought to be an antidote to poisonHorn thought to be an antidote to poison

Unicorn became a symbol of the Incarnation of Unicorn became a symbol of the Incarnation of ChristChrist

Killing of the Unicorn equated to Christ’s deathKilling of the Unicorn equated to Christ’s death

Page 14: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

……ContinuedContinued

LionLion CourageCourage

StagStag ResurrectionResurrection

SerpentSerpent EvilEvil

RabbitsRabbits FertilityFertility

DogsDogs FidelityFidelity

Page 15: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Unicorn At the Fountain

Unicorn Tapestry

1495-1505

Page 16: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Painting in Flanders 15Painting in Flanders 15thth Cen Cen

Economy based on textilesEconomy based on textiles Provided $$$ for the arts to flourishProvided $$$ for the arts to flourish

Civic groups, town councils, and wealthy Civic groups, town councils, and wealthy merchants = Patronsmerchants = Patrons

Perfected the technique of oil as a mediumPerfected the technique of oil as a medium

Page 17: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Center = Annunciation Center = Annunciation Symbolizing the Purity and Mission of the VirginSymbolizing the Purity and Mission of the Virgin

BookBook Extinguished CandleExtinguished Candle TowelsTowels Fire ScreenFire Screen

Right = Right = Joseph setting Joseph setting a mousetrapa mousetrap

Left = Left = Two donors Two donors kneelingkneeling

Setting = Flemish Setting = Flemish HomeHome

Page 18: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Jan Van EyckJan Van Eyck

Campin’s contemporaryCampin’s contemporary Traveled on missions for Duke PhillipTraveled on missions for Duke Phillip Used oil on woodUsed oil on wood Applied oil in thin layers that allowed Applied oil in thin layers that allowed

brushstrokes to blend perfectlybrushstrokes to blend perfectly Ghent AltarpieceGhent Altarpiece

Page 19: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Ghent AltarpieceGhent Altarpiece

Painted by Jan and Hubert Van EyckPainted by Jan and Hubert Van Eyck Polyptych: Many panelsPolyptych: Many panels CenterCenter

God wearing the crown of Saint PeterGod wearing the crown of Saint Peter John the BaptistJohn the Baptist Virgin MaryVirgin Mary Flanked by musicians and Adam and EveFlanked by musicians and Adam and Eve

Cain and Abel depicted above EveCain and Abel depicted above Eve BottomBottom

All saints gather to adore the Lamb of GodAll saints gather to adore the Lamb of God Lamb stands on an altar Lamb stands on an altar Blood = Fountain of LifeBlood = Fountain of Life

Page 20: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Ghent Altarpiece (Closed)

Jan and Hubert Van Eyck

1432

Oil

Page 21: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 22: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 23: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 24: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 25: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Man in Red TurbanMan in Red Turban

““As I Can”As I Can” Believed to be a self-portrait of Jan Van Believed to be a self-portrait of Jan Van

EyckEyck No religious undertonesNo religious undertones Physical appearance seems magnifiedPhysical appearance seems magnified Painting in High DefPainting in High Def

Page 26: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Man in a Red Turban

Jan Van Eyck

1433

Oil on Wood

Page 27: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Arnolfini and his WifeArnolfini and his Wife

Suggests a wedding or betrothalSuggests a wedding or betrothal ““Jan Van Eyck was present”Jan Van Eyck was present” Arnolfini is a member of an Italian merchant family living Arnolfini is a member of an Italian merchant family living

in Flandersin Flanders Hold hand of a woman before two witnessesHold hand of a woman before two witnesses SymbolismSymbolism

Dog: FidelityDog: Fidelity Shoes: Holy GroundShoes: Holy Ground Saint Margaret: ChildbirthSaint Margaret: Childbirth Oranges: FertilityOranges: Fertility Medallions on Mirror: Depictions from the PassionMedallions on Mirror: Depictions from the Passion Candle: God’s All Seeing Eye, and UnityCandle: God’s All Seeing Eye, and Unity

Page 28: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Arnolfini and his Wife

Jan Van Eyck

1434

Oil on Wood

Page 29: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 30: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 31: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 32: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

The DepositionThe Deposition

Rogier Van Der WeydenRogier Van Der Weyden AltarpieceAltarpiece Popular themePopular theme DramaticDramatic EmotionalEmotional Jesus in the centerJesus in the center

Page 33: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 34: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 35: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Last Judgment AltarpieceLast Judgment Altarpiece

Painted for a hospitalPainted for a hospital Archangel Michael dressed in white Archangel Michael dressed in white

dominates the center under Goddominates the center under God Mary and John at the edge of the rainbowMary and John at the edge of the rainbow Barren earth at the bottomBarren earth at the bottom Figures reacting to the Judgment of GodFigures reacting to the Judgment of God Patrons depicted on the frontPatrons depicted on the front

Page 36: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

The Last Judgment Altarpiece

Rogier van der Weyden

1433

Page 37: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 38: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 39: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Portrait of a Lady

Rogier van der Weyden

1455

Oil and Tempera on Wood

Page 40: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

A Goldsmith and His ShopA Goldsmith and His Shop

Goldsmith believed to be Saint EligiusGoldsmith believed to be Saint Eligius Patron Saint of MetalworkPatron Saint of Metalwork

Goldsmith weighs a jeweled ring as a Goldsmith weighs a jeweled ring as a couple looks oncouple looks on

Double horned headdress fashionable Double horned headdress fashionable during mid-centuryduring mid-century

Mirror shows the street outsideMirror shows the street outside

Page 41: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

A Goldsmith and His Shop

Petrus Christus

1449

Oil

Page 42: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Wrongful Execution of the CountWrongful Execution of the Count

Empress falsely accuses a count of sexual Empress falsely accuses a count of sexual improprietyimpropriety

Otto has the count beheadedOtto has the count beheaded Countess receives husbands headCountess receives husbands head Empress is burning at the stake in the Empress is burning at the stake in the

background…Karma is a….background…Karma is a…. Use of atmospheric perspectiveUse of atmospheric perspective

Page 43: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Wrongful Exevution of the Count

Dirck Bouts

1470-75

Oil on Wood

Page 44: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Justice of Otto III

Dirck Bouts

1470-75

Oil on Wood

Page 45: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Portinari AltarpiecePortinari Altarpiece

Hugo Van Der GoesHugo Van Der Goes Dean of the painters guild in GhentDean of the painters guild in Ghent

Commissioned by Tommaso PortinariCommissioned by Tommaso Portinari Head of the Medici bankHead of the Medici bank

Wings contain the Portinari familyWings contain the Portinari family NativityNativity Glass vessel = Mary’s wombGlass vessel = Mary’s womb Blue flowers remind Mary of future sorrowsBlue flowers remind Mary of future sorrows Scattered violets symbolize humilityScattered violets symbolize humility

Page 46: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Portinari Altarpiece (Open)

Hugo van der Goes

1474-76

Oil on Wood

Page 47: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 48: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 49: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 50: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 51: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 52: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Fouquet DiptychFouquet Diptych

Jean Fouquet strongly influenced by Jean Fouquet strongly influenced by Flemish realismFlemish realism

Painted a diptych showing Chevalier Painted a diptych showing Chevalier praying to the Virgin and Childpraying to the Virgin and Child

Nearly grisailleNearly grisaille Saint wears ritual clothSaint wears ritual cloth Large stone on gospel = martyrdomLarge stone on gospel = martyrdom

Page 53: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture
Page 54: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Etienne Chevalier and Saint Stephen

Jean Fouquet

1450

Oil on Wood

Page 55: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Virgin and Child

Jean Fouquet

1450

Oil on Wood

Page 56: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Flamboyant StyleFlamboyant Style

Flamboyant = FlamingFlamboyant = Flaming Repeated, twisted, flamelike traceryRepeated, twisted, flamelike tracery

Elaborate architectural decorationElaborate architectural decoration Themes of natureThemes of nature Church of Saint-MacLou in Rouen Church of Saint-MacLou in Rouen

embodies this styleembodies this style

Page 57: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Church of Saint-Maclou, Rouen

Pierre Robin

1432-1521

Normandy, France

Page 58: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Miraculous Drought of FishesMiraculous Drought of Fishes

Konrad WitzKonrad Witz Largest commission before his early deathLargest commission before his early death Dedicated to Saint PeterDedicated to Saint Peter Depicts Jesus’ calling of the fishermanDepicts Jesus’ calling of the fisherman

Page 59: Objectives  Describe the new kind of portraiture that emerges during the early Renaissance.  Contrast the developments in sculpture and architecture

Miraculous Drought of Fishes

Konrad Witz

1444

Oil on Wood