Objectives

• Explain the rise of Napoleon after Robespierre.

• Evaluate the importance of Napoleon’s reforms.

Napoleon Forges an Empire

Chapter 23 Section 3

Napoleon’s Rise to Power

• Very short, but casts a long shadow– Became a great military genius

• In four years, from 1795-1799– From officer in the army– Became a great military genius– To Emperor of France

Napoleon Seizes Power

• Hero: October 1795 – Saved the National Convention

• Royalist rebels attacked the Convention.

– 1796 – led army against Austria• Many victories• Becomes most famous general in all of

France.

Napoleon Seizes Power

• Coup d'état: 1799– Directory lost control and dissolved– Group of 3 consuls created

• Napoleon – 1st consul

• Plebiscite– Vote of the people– Approve new constitution– Gave real power to Napoleon

Napoleon Restores Order • Economic –

– Balanced the budget– Better tax collection system– restored bread prices

• Government – – Dismissed corrupt officials– Replaced with trained officials

• Based on merit

• Religious - – Recognized and supported the church– Church out of Government affairs

Napoleon Restores Order: Napoleonic Code

• Legal-– Napoleonic Code

• One Code of laws for France– everyone was equal in the eyes of

the law• Purpose was to reform legal code

to reflect the French Revolution

• Actually limited liberty– Order over rights

The Influence of the Napoleonic Code

Wherever it was implemented [in the conquered territories], the Code Napoleon swept away feudal property relations.

Becoming Emperor• Made himself “Consul for Life”

• Made himself Emperor at the Cathedral of Norte Dame

Napoleon creates an Empire: The Americas

• Haiti– They demanded the same privileges of Fr– Napoleon wanted to take back the colony

• Restore the industry there• Expedition failed

• Napoleon cut his losses– Offered to sell the Louisiana Territory

• Gain $$$• Punish the British

Haitian Independence, 1792-1804

Haitian Independence, 1792-1804

Toussaint L’OuvertureToussaint L’Ouverture

Louisiana Purchase, 1803doubled the size of the United States

$15,000,000/828,800 square miles/ all or part of 14 U.S. states & 2 Canadian provinces.

Napoleon creates an Empire:Europe

• Already controlled Netherlands, parts of It. & Switz.

• France vs. Great Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia

– France wins, and wins BIG– Signed treaties with Austria, Russia, & Prussia– Only one left: Britain

• Largest Empire since Rome

Objectives

Explain the fall of Napoleon. Evaluate the 3 mistakes Napoleon

made, for his demise.

Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

Chapter 23 Section 4

Napoleon’s Loss

• Battle of Trafalgar– Naval defeat– British commander split the

French fleet

• Two major results– British navy: best for 100 years– Napoleon gave up on invading

UK – Looked for another way to get

UK• Tries blockade of UK

• This would lead to his downfall

British

French

The French Empire

Huge but unstable

Maintained it for only 5 years

Quickly fell to pieces Caused by Napoleon’s actions

The Continental System Peninsular War Invasion of Russia

Napoleon’s Three Mistakes

The Continental System

GOAL Isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe.

Milan Decree (1807) Ships from Britain would be seized

(taken). Blockade against Britain backfires

Prevent trade between Britain & European countries Supposed to make Europe more self-sufficient

& destroy Britain’s industry Weakened France instead

Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810

Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810

e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System.

e France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal.

e Spain refused = Napoleon invades Spain Guerilla warfare in Spain = loss of many of Napoleon’s

best troops. Citizens ambushed Napoleon’s army

Spain & PortugalFrance 1806: ContinentalSystem

The “Big Blunder” -- Russia July, Napoleon led his army of

614,000 men across central Europe into Russia.

The Russians avoided a direct confrontation.

Retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia

Hoped that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause.

“Scorched-Earth policy” Burned fields, slaughtered

livestock Russian nobles abandoned their

estates leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases.

Napoleon at Moscow

September, 1812 Napoleon reached Moscow, but the city had been abandoned.

The Russians had set fire to the city.

Moscow On Fire!

Napoleon’s Defeat

Coalition took advantage of weakness Defeated

NapoleonBattle of Leipzig

Napoleon surrendered

Exiled on ElbaHe escaped

Louis XVIII is king

Not a smooth transition: economic depression, fear, émigrés looked

for revenge

Unpopular

1815, Napoleon back 2 France = Louis flees.

The Hundred Days

Napoleon en-route to Final Exile -St. Helena

• Battle of Waterloo - loses• British and Prussian armies

crush the French • Napoleon is again forced to

exile - St. Helena• Died in 1821

•After Napoleon • France brings BACK King Louis

XVIII & Limited Monarchy

Accomplishments of Napoleon

Napoleonic Code

Central State with Constitution

Elections with expanded suffrage

Increased access to property

Access to education

Created feelings of nationalism

Abolition of HRE lead to the creation of Germany

The Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

Series of meetings in ViennaVery Conservative

Wanted things to stay the same Participants:

Austria, Russia, Britain, France

Main Goal: create lasting peace and stability in

Europe

Congress of Vienna Prevent Future aggression (Balance of

Power) Made small countries stronger Prevents France from trying to take them

over

Balance of Power: Weakened France: surrounded France with

strong countries Not powerless

Restoring Monarchs: wanted monarchies back Louis XVIII back in power in France Thought this would prevent turmoil