objectives i will know the charges and locations of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom i...
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![Page 1: Objectives I will know the charges and locations of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom I will be able to determine how many protons, electrons](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649e8b5503460f94b90a70/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Objectives• I will know the charges and locations
of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom
• I will be able to determine how many protons, electrons and neutrons are in an element and explain how to determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons
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What is an atom?• Atom: the smallest unit of matter that retains the identity of the substance
• First proposed by Democratus.
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Atomic Structure• Atoms are composed of 2 regions:
• Nucleus: the center of the atom that contains the mass of the atom
• Electron cloud: region that surrounds the nucleus that contains most of the space in the atom
NucleusElectron
Cloud
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What’s in the Nucleus?• The nucleus contains 2 of the 3
subatomic particles:• Protons: positively charged subatomic particles
• Neutrons: neutral subatomic particles
*Protons and neutrons have the same mass.
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What’s in the Electron Cloud?
• The 3rd subatomic particle resides outside of the nucleus in the electron cloud
• Electron: the subatomic particle with a negative charge and relatively no mass
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How do these particles interact?
• Protons and neutrons exist compacted in the tiny positively charged nucleus accounting for most of the mass of the atom
• The negatively charged electrons are small and have relatively no mass but occupy a large volume of space outside the nucleus
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How do the subatomic particles balance each other?• In an atom:
• The protons = the electrons• If 20 protons are present in an atom then 20 electrons are there to balance the overall charge of the atom—atoms are neutral
• The neutrons have no charge; therefore they do not have to equal the number of protons or electrons
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Suggestion….
Open your textbook or your agenda to the page containing a periodic table of elements (132-133).
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How do we know the number of subatomic particles in an atom?
• Atomic number: this number indicates the number of protons in an atom• Ex: Hydrogen’s atomic number is 1
• So hydrogen has 1 proton• Ex: Carbon’s atomic number is 6
• So carbon has 6 protons
**The number of protons identifies the atom.
Ex. 2 protons = He, 29 protons = Cu
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Think Pair Share• With your partner, find the atomic
number of each element has:• Student A: Carbon (C)• Student B: Potassium (K)• Student A: Beryllium (Be)• Student B: Helium (He)
**After you have completed your element, share with your group.
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• Mass number: the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
• Ex: Silicon can have a mass of 28. Since it has 14 proton it must have 14 neutrons
• # of neutrons = mass # - atomic #
How do we know the number of subatomic particles in an
atom?
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Determining the number of protons and neutrons
• Li has a mass number of 7 and an atomic number of 3• Protons = 3 (same as atomic #)• Neutrons= 7-3 = 4 (mass # - atomic #)
•Ne has a mass number of 20 and an atomic number of 10• Protons = 10• Neutrons = 20 - 10= 10
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Try this example on your own!:
Let’s check out Calcium (Ca)!
Calcium’s Atomic Number =
Calcium’s Atomic Mass =
Calcium’s Neutrons =
20
40
20
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Think Pair Share• Decide how many protons and
neutrons each element has.• Student A: Carbon (C)• Student B: Iodine (I)• Student A: Silicon (Si)• Student B: Iron (Fe)
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What about the electrons?• The electrons are equal to the
number of protons• So e- = p+ = atomic #
• Ex: Li has a mass # of 7 and an atomic # of 3• p+ = 3• no = 4• e- =3
Easy peasy lemon squeezy!…
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Think Ink Share• Write your answers to the
following and then share with your partner.
• How many electrons does Mercury (Hg) have?
• Barium (Ba)?• Titanium (Ti)?
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Determine the number of subatomic particles (all 3) in the following:Examples:1. Find Chlorine (Cl)• Cl has a mass # of 35 and an atomic
# of 17• p+ = 17, no = 18, e- = 17
• K has a mass # of 39 and an atomic # of 19• p+ = 19, no = 20 e- = 19
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Think Ink Share• Write your answers and then share
with your partner.• Find the number of protons, neutrons
and electrons of the following:• Titanium (Ti)• Nickel (Ni)• Copper (Cu)
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How exactly are the particles arranged?
• Bohr Model of the atom: All of the protons and the neutrons
The 1st ring can hold up to 2 e-
The 2nd ring can hold up to 8 e-
The 3rd ring can hold up to 18 e-
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What does carbon look like?
Mass # = 12 atomic # = 6
p+ = 6 no = 6 e- = 6
6 p and 6 n exist in the nucleus
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Exit Ticket
• Explain how we know the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons there are in the element Copper.