APPENDIX ONE

ObservatoryManufacturers

Here are details of some observatory manufacturers in Europe, North Americaand Australia, and a summary of the products they offer, at the time of writing.

Ash-Dome, USA: Metal domes from 2.4 to 9.2 m (8–31 ft) diameter with “upand over” shutters. http://www.ashdome.com

Astro Domes, Australia: Domes from 2.9 to 6.5 m diameter. Electric shutter andautomatic dome tracking options. http://www.astrodomes.com

Astro Haven, USA: Manufacture fibreglass “clamshell” domes in sizes 7, 12, 16and 20 ft diameter, and non-circular ones as well. http://www.astrohaven.com

Alexanders Observatories, England: Build and install run-off roof observa-tories in timber from 6 ft square to 16 × 10 ft. Also observatory piers.http://www.alexandersobservatories.com

Gambato, Italy: Domes made to measure in steel, aluminium, copper, alsosliding roof observatories, and planetarium domes. http://www.gambato.com

Pulsar Optical, England: Fibreglass domed observatories at 7 ft and 9 ft diameter.Will sell domes and tracks separately. http://www.pulsar-optical.co.uk

Sirius Observatories, Australia: Fibreglass observatories, diameters 2.3 m (7.5 ft),3.5 m (11.5 ft), 6.7 m (22 ft). Motorising and automation options available.http://www.siriusobservatories.com

219

220 Setting-up a Small Observatory

Sirius Observatories, UK: Agents for the Australian company. http://www.siriusobservatoriesuk.com/

SkyShed, Canada: Build and install run-off roof observatories from 6 to 16 ft2.Also provide plans, kits and piers; make the SkyShed POD (Personal ObservatoryDome). http://www.skyshed.com

Technical Innovations, USA: Fibreglass domes at 6, 10 and 15 ft diameter,motorisation and remote control; robo-dome, a very small dome, not largeenough for a person, for robotic operation. http://www.homedome.com

UK Observatories, European agents for SkyShed of Canada. http://www.ukobservatories.co.uk/index.html

APPENDIX TWO

Useful Web Links

This lists both commercial and non-commercial sites in order of their subjects’occurrence in this book.

Chapter 1The ATM site: http://www.atmsite.org/ATM webring: http://l.webring.com/hub?ring=telescopemakingATM group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/atm_free/Amateur Telescope Makers’ Resource List: http://www.tfn.net/˜blombard/Stellafane ATM pages: http:// www.stellafane.com/atmPop Outside Observatory: http://www.popoutside.comKendrick Observing Tents: http://www.kendrickastro.comAstroGazer portable observatory http://www.astrogizmos.comSky Window mirrored binsocular mount:http://www.tricomachine.com/ skywindow/sandt.htmlStrathspey binoculars http://www.strathspey.co.uk/Orion telescopes and binoculars http://www.telescope.com/QCUIAG: http;//tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/QCUIAG/UK Astro Imaging Forum: http://ukastroimaging.co.ukRegistax software: http://www.astronomie.be/registax/K3CCDTools software: http://www.pk3.org/Astro/index.htm?k3ccdtools.htm

221

222 Setting-up a Small Observatory

Chapter 2BAA Campaign for Dark Skies: http://www.britastro.org/dark-skies/index.htmlInternational Dark-Sky Association: http://www.darksky.orgInformation on planning permission in the UK:http:// www.planningportal.gov.uk

Chapter 3Scope Armor, US makers of telescope covers: http://scopearmor.comGroup for information on observatory roof and dome automation:http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Observatory_RoofandDome_Automation/Group for advice on observatory design and construction:http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Astronomical_Observatories/Group dedicated to run-off (roll-off) roof observatories:http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/roll_off_roof/Amateur Astronomical Observatories: list of links to web articles on a largenumber of observatories: http://obs.nineplanets.org/obs/obslist.html

Chapter 7The Webb Society - sell very nice laminated star-charts:http:// www.webbsociety.org

Chapter 8Mel Bartels: products and designs for customised telescope control (US):http://www.bbastrodesigns.com/AWR Technology: drive and computer control systems, including retrofitting ofold mounts (UK):http://www.awrtech.co.ukJMI Telescopes (Jim’s Mobile Inc.): focus control systems:http:// www.jimsmobile.comTechnical Innovations: Robo-Focus: http://www.homedome.comSwitched Systems (UK): focus motors: http://www.switchedsystems.co.uk

Chapter 9Les Granges: http://www.lesgrangesastro.talktalk.net/Dave Tyler: http://www.david-tyler.comDamian Peach: http://www.damianpeach.com

Useful Web Links 223

Chapter 10Howie Glatter’s laser collimation products, including Barlowed collimators andcollimation plugs: http://www.collimator.comAberrator software: http://aberrator.astronomy.net/Astronomy Boy has instructions for servicing some common mountings:http://www.astronomyboy.comAstrozap dew shields: http://www.astrozap.comParallax Instruments: Tube rings for all telescopes:http:// www.parallaxinstruments.comAndy Homeyer: Heavy-duty tube cradles and dovetail systems:http://www.intint.com/andy/index.htmlRobin Casady: Telescope dovetail systems, multiple telescope mounting systems,counterweights: http://www.robincasady.comComprehensive listing of planetarium software available for different platforms:http://astro.nineplanets.org/astrosoftware.htmlStellarium Open-source planetarium software:http://www.stellarium.orgEquinox planetarium and telescope-control software for Mac:http://www.microprojects.ca/Software Bisque: TheSky and associated software, also manufacture theParamount ME mounting: http://www.bisque.comStarry Night Pro planetarium and telescope-control software:http://shop.avanquest.com/Earth Centered Universe planetarium and telescope-control software:http:// www.nova-astro.comSkyMap Pro planetarium and telescope-control software: http://www.skymap.comSkyTools observing software: http://www.skyhound.comCartes du Ciel free planetarium and telescope-control software:http://www.ap-i.net/skychart/index.phpDiffraction Limited: MaxPoint software for telescope mount modelling andMaxIm DL software for image acquisition and processing:http://www.cyanogen.comDeepSkyStacker image processing softwarehttp://deepskystacker.free.fr/english/index.htmlIRIS image acquisition and processing software:http://www.astrosurf.com/buil/ us/iris/iris.htmAstroart image acquisition and processing software:http://www.msb-astroart.com/Astronomiser: Astro-imaging equipment including guide interfaces:http://www.astronomiser.co.uk/Shoestring Astronomy: astro-imaging accessories including guide interfaces:http://www.store.shoestringastronomy.com/GuideDog autoguiding software: http:www.barkosoftware.comPHD Guiding software: http://www.stark-labs.com/ASCOM: Standards initiative for astronomical software/hardwarecommunication: http://ascom-standards.org/index.html

Index

Note: Principle occurrences of important topics are given in bold type

Aberrations, 100, 111, 160, 195Aberrator, 195Absorption, atmospheric, 31Accessories, storage of, 96, 129, 134, 142,

144, 171Adaptor threads, lubrication of, 199Adaptors

camera, 199, 214telescope, 164, 199USB to serial, 105, 124webcam, 198

Air-conditioning, 86Airy limit, 124Airy, George Biddell, 2, 19Airy diffraction pattern, 196Alarms, 88Alcock, George, 4Algae, 158Aluminising, 8Aluminium paint, 80, 83Andromeda Galaxy, 28Animal life, incursion of, 47, 122, 179Aperture, telescope, 164Architects, 63, 66

Arnett, Bill, 66Artificial star, 127, 159Asbestos, 114ASCOM, 217Asteroids. see Minor planetsAstigmatism, 195Astro Accessories, 214Astroart, 29, 119, 217Astro-Engineering, 13, 124, 127AstroGazer, 5Astrographs, 27Astrometry, 23, 47, 187Astronomical Equipment (company), 145Astroparts, 173Astro-Physics, 105, 106, 108, 109, 145, 152,

166, 216Astrovid, 24Atik Instruments, 26, 45, 163, 164Atlux, 182Aurorae, 12, 29, 48Autoguiding, 27, 107, 111, 217Automation, 35, 58, 61, 104, 121Autostar, 216AWR Technology, 105, 118, 173

225

226 Index

BAA, 164Backlash (focusing), 109Backlash (gears), 199Baffling, 46, 164Bailey, H. Paige, 20Balancing, 15, 22, 30, 118, 159, 204

See also CounterweightingBalconies, 45, 46Ballast, 71Balustrade, 169Bandwidth, 106, 107, 152Bar, dovetail, 207–209Barbados, 164Bartels, Mel, 105Base-ring, dome, 57, 165Batteries, 44, 48, 90, 94, 96, 109Bayer colour matrix, 177Beacon Hill Telescopes, 173Bedrock, 71Beer observing chair, 102Bench, optical, 174Berrevoets, Cor, 25, 163, 195Berry, Richard, 117Binary stars. see Stars, doubleBinning, 27Binoculars, 12, 13, 29, 31Birr, 2Bitumen, 80Blacksmiths, 57, 62, 179Blades, razor, 177Blinds, 87Block, concrete, 70, 75Blower brush, 197Blu-Tack, 177Boards, 75, 79

See also TimberBob’s Knobs, 193Boles, Tom, 58Bolt-cases, 96, 142Bolts

cane, 122coach, 77, 139, 140, 151draw, 142tower, 141, 152

Books, storage of, 97Bracing, 51, 65, 129, 151Brackets, 76, 115, 120, 133

finder, 215Brands (of telescope), 6Brick, 34, 56, 59, 73, 75, 138, 143

Bricklaying, 75Brooks, Brian, 173Buffers, 122Building codes, 41Building permits, 41Bulbs, 95, 96

Cable ties, 98, 108, 145Cables, 91, 97, 104, 108, 111, 124, 127, 142Cambridge, University of, 2, 19Camcorders, 24Cameras, 97, 106, 107, 108, 111

CCD, 26, 29, 104, 108, 117, 118, 121, 123Guide, 107, 111, 152monochrome, 177SLR, 27, 29DSLR, 28, 29, 111, 198surveillance, 24, 104video, 24, 44, 104, 120See also Webcams and modified

webcamsCamouflage, 37, 39, 88Campaign for Dark Skies, 34Canon, 29Cap, mirror, 118Capacity, electrical, 91Car cover, 147Carabiners, 131Carlin, Nils Olof, 188Carpentry, 138Carpets, 86, 141Cartes du Ciel, 216Casady, Robin, 166, 213Castors, 49, 78, 101, 115, 126, 129, 156Catalyst (glass fibre), 82Catches, ball, 141Catenary wire, 91CCD chips, 23, 25, 27, 29, 116–118, 127,

163, 211cleaning of, 198frost on, 117, 182

Celestron, 9, 11, 15, 121, 147, 158, 182, 216Cement, 71, 73Centre spot, mirror, 188Chains, 131, 132Chairs, 23, 49, 99, 133, 134, 141, 152Charts, 97, 152Chemicals (preservation), 85Chimney effect, 57, 87Chipboard, 75, 79, 150

Index 227

Plugs, cigarette-lighter, 89, 93, 201Circuit-breaker, 92Circuits, electrical, 91Cladding, 65, 75, 78, 138Clamps, 78Clay, 71, 144Cleaning liquid, optical, 197Climate, 87, 124, 128

See also Observatories, temperaturecontrol in

Clutch, slip, 22, 161Clutches, mounting, 205CMOS, 23, 28, 29

sensor cleaning, 198Coating, anti-reflection, 198Coil system, moving, 176Collars, counterweight, 209Collimator

Barlowed laser, 188–192laser, 188holographic laser, 193

Collimating tools, 189Columns. see PiersComets, 26, 31, 109, 183, 196Comfort, 99Compass, magnetic, 202Compression, data, 164Computer control, 20, 22, 29, 58

See also Remote control and automationComputer-aided design (CAD), 155Computers, 97, 104–109, 111, 124, 152

desktop, 24, 93, 117, 118, 124laptop, 24, 46, 49, 90, 93, 96, 98, 107,

142, 144Mac platform, 215–217PC platform, 215

Concrete, 32, 34, 43, 47, 49, 56, 64, 69, 86,71, 91, 121, 126, 129, 131, 143, 146, 155

mixer, 71Condensation. see DewingConduit, 91, 123, 126, 152, 172Connectors, 89. 93, 97, 109, 111, 201Conservatories, adaptation of, 60Converter, serial to USB, 106, 107Coronado, 175Corrector plate, 124Corrosion, 47, 52, 57, 152, 158Costs, 34, 116Coudé focus, 172Counterweight rail, 205, 213

Counterweighting, 101, 118, 159, 160,167, 209

See also BalancingCrab Nebula, 26Cradles, 15, 100, 118Craig telescope, 2Creosote, 85, 86, 139Cross-hairs. see ReticleCurrent, electric, 93, 94CS2, 217

Dall, Horace, 174Damp, 21, 24, 46, 47, 87, 93, 96, 147, 152Damp-course, 71, 92, 126Dark adaptation, 142Dark frames, 183Daystar, 159, 160, 175Decay (timber), 71, 75, 85, 126Decking, 46, 49, 86, 148, 152, 169Deep-sky observing, 14, 26, 28, 30, 87DeepSkyStacker, 217Dehumidifiers, 88, 142, 144, 152, 166Device manager, 105Dew controllers, 124, 201Dew heaters, 90, 93, 96–98, 107, 124, 200Dewing, 49, 52, 56, 61, 86, 95, 101, 107,

124, 200Dew-shields, 36, 107, 124, 200Diagonals, 100, 198Diffraction patterns, 194–196Diffraction unit, 175Digging. see ExcavationsDigitalSky Voice, 216Disk, computer, 24Disorientation (in domes), 172Dispersion, 174Displays, 24Dividing engine, 161DIY, 47, 56, 63, 121, 163Dome control software, 217Doors, 59, 80, 116, 126, 150, 165Dorpat refractor, 17Dovetail shoe, finder bracket, 215Dovetails, mounting, 15, 207–210

tightening of, 209Doughnut diffraction pattern, 194Dowels, 163Drawing, 136, 170Drift, 27, 111

See also Guiding and autoguiding

228 Index

Drift method of polar alignment, 73, 202Drill, electric, 70, 141, 159, 164Drilling (wood), 77Drives (telescope), 22, 89, 104, 107,

111, 161clockwork, 21weight-driven, 21See also Motors

Duralumin, 57DVD recorders, 24

Earth Centred Universe, 216Earthing, 21, 89, 91–93, 170Eaves-fillers, 140Eclipses, 32Effective focal length (EFL), 27, 111,

127, 145Electrical codes, 91Electricians, 91 93Electricity, 89

low-voltage, 89, 96, 97, 109, 152mains 48, 69, 90–94, 123, 126, 152, 161

Emerson Optical, 159Encoders, position, 22, 105End grain, 75Energy rejection filter (ERF), 160Ephemerides, 97Equinox, 216Etalon, 11, 159, 175Ethernet, 104, 182ETX, 10European Southern Observatory, 62Eaves, 80Excavations, 71, 91Extension cables

mains, 48low-voltage, 97data, 97

Eyepiece position, 15, 74, 100Eyepieces, 23, 96, 200

cleaning of, 197

Fans, 45, 87, 88, 97, 158Felt, roofing, 80, 121, 126, 150Fencing panels, 79Ferrous metals, treatment of, 86Fibreboard, 75, 79Fibreglass, 57, 59, 62, 64, 81, 86, 155, 157

crazing of, 158

Field curvature, 111Field of view, 106, 111, 182Field rotation, 16Figuring, 159Fillets, wood, 76Film, 23, 2729, 111, 114, 116, 124, 158Filter wheels, 97, 108, 117Filters, 26, 28, 102, 108, 117, 153, 160, 164

neutral, 183photometric, 182solar, 59, 175

Fire extinguishers, 152Firewire, 25, 46, 104Firmware, 105Fittings on wooden structures, 81Flashlights. see TorchesFlat fields, 117Floors, observatory, 79, 86Floorboards, 138, 142, 153Flooring, 86Flooring compound, 179Fluorescent tubes, 94Focal length. see Effective focal lengthFocal reducers, 28, 111Focusers

adjustment of, 199electric, 97, 107, 109, 121, 124, 127, 152cleaning and lubrication of, 199collimation of, 189, 191Crayford, 109, 110, 199slop and backlash in, 109, 191, 199

Focusing, 15, 44, 97, 104, 108, 152Forming gas, 116Forms. see MouldsForums (Internet), 24, 88Foucault tester, 163Foundations, 32, 70, 155Frame grabber, 104Frame rates, 164Frameworks

steel, 77, 81, 128timber, 75, 139

Fraunhofer, Joseph von, 17Fullerscopes, 114, 118, 120Furniture, 35, 59, 96, 117, 133, 152

Galaxies, 16, 26, 27, 109Galileo, 1Gamma-ray bursters, 182Garages, adaptation of, 32, 65, 114–116

Index 229

Garner, Bob, 14, 28, 113Gavin, Maurice, 57Geology, local, 71GIMP, 217Glazing, 60, 66, 87Globular clusters, 30, 87Glue, 140, 141Go, Christopher, 25, 46Gores, 57GOTO, 6, 16, 17, 21, 47, 90, 106, 109, 118,

161, 215See also Mountings

Grating, diffraction, 176Gravel, 71, 129, 130, 134Gravelboards, 138, 141Great Red Spot, 164Grease. see LubricantsGreat storm (1987, England), 114, 158Greenhouse effect, 60, 66, 87Greenwich, 2Grinders, 78, 129Groom, Norman, 176Grounding. see EarthingGuests, 23, 153Guide, 182Guide chip, 27, 111Guide interfaces, 111, 217GuideDog, 217Guider, off-axis or radial, 112Guidescopes, 27, 105, 108, 111, 114, 116,

118, 153, 209Guiding, 27, 116Guttering, 80

Hairdryers, 93, 200Hale Telescope, 20Hammerite paint, 129Handles (on telescopes), 100hard drives, external, 183Hardboard, 33, 65, 75, 123, 142, 155Headphones Nebula, 117Heaters

convection, 88electric, 152paraffin (kerosene), 152

Heliostat, 172, 175Hibernate mode, 183, 216Hinges, 52, 62, 80, 141, 142, 151Hobbing, 161Hole-boring machine, 71

Homeyer, Andy, 208Hooks, 122, 142, 144Hose-clamps, 124, 209Hubs, USB, 97, 106, 145, 152Humidity, 86Huygens, Christiaan, 172Hydrogen alpha filters, 11, 158–161Hype, advertising, 8Hypering, 116

Icron, 123IEE 1394. see FireWireIEE regulations, 91Illumination (field), 111Image scale, 27, 109, 146, 164Imaging, 15, 21, 23 30, 47, 61, 104, 112,

116, 128afocal, 28, 163Barlow projection, 28cometary, 120, 121, 124, 146deep-sky, 45, 114, 117, 119, 124, 146eyepiece projection, 28high-resolution, 196lunar, 45, 145, 162narrowband, 26, 28, 117piggyback, 27, 29, 214planetary, 45, 49, 109, 124, 127, 145,

153, 158prime focus, 28solar, 49, 158, 159–162, 175–178very long exposure, 111widefield, 27

Indefinite boundary, 39Infrared radiation, 34, 44, 160Ingress protection (IP), 92, 93, 95Insulation, thermal, 180Interface, autoguiding, 111Interference, thin-layer 197International Darksky Association, 34Intes Micro, 10Inversion, temperature, 135Inverter, 89IRIS, 217Irving, Ronald, 159, 161

Jack plugs, 109J-bolts, 73Jet-stream, 87JMI, 109, 124, 127Jointing, 76, 80, 141

230 Index

Joists, 79Jubilee Clip, 209Junction-boxes, 92Jupiter, 16, 24, 164

K3CCDTools, 26, 217Kanto, Veikko, 117Katreniak, Peter, 26Kendrick observing tent, 4

Labour, 64Ladders, 59. 74, 99, 133Lamination (of charts), 97Large Binocular Telescope, 3Latches, 131, 132Lathes, 159, 161, 164Lead sheet, 180Leads. see CablesLEDs, 96Legality of electrical work, 91Lenses

Barlow, 30, 111, 124, 160camera, 27. 29, 31, 214cleaning, 197collimating, 176doublet, oil-spaced, 174negative, 175Powermate, 30, 111relay, 30singlet, 178telephoto, 211, 214zoom, 214

Les Granges, 51, 128Lewis, Norm, 165Light box, 117Light, colour of, 95Light pollution, 14, 24, 28, 31–33, 114, 116,

119, 128Lightning, 169Linux, 217Local authorities, 33Locks, 81, 88

See also Observatories, security ofLosmandy, 105, 166Lowell, Percival, 172Lubricants, 199Lumenera, 160, 164Luminance layer, 164LX200, 128, 173

protocol, 216

M42 thread, 214Mac OS X, 217Magazines, reviews in, 6Magellanic Clouds, 12, 28Manning, Brian, 176marine ply, 78Mars, 24, 171Masonry, 59

See also Brick and bricklayingMastic, 80Mats, glass fibre, 81MaxIm DL, 217MaxPoint, 217Meade, 9, 10, 11, 15, 89, 167, 173, 201, 216Mercury, 16, 32Meridian, 32, 52, 61, 74, 107, 114, 137,

161, 196offset, 108See also Normalisation

Mesh, wire, 81Meteors, 12, 23, 29Mewlon, 10, 166Microphone, 107Miles, Richard, 179Milky Way, 12, 27Milling cutter, 159Minitron, 104Minor planets, 24, 109, 182Mirror flop, 196, 217Miyazaki, Isao, 25Mobberley, Martin, 120, 217Molybdenum grease, 199Monitors, 24, 159Moon, 14–16, 24, 110Moonlight, 28Moore, Patrick, 49, 57, 62Morrison-Smith, Mike, 183Mortar, 69, 75Mosaics (imaging), 161Motors

DC, 21dome, 58electric, 20, 89servo, 21, 97, 104stepper, 21,105, 118, 120synchronous, 21, 89, 93, 104, 114, 118,

145, 161Moulds (for fibreglass), 81, 155Moulds (for piers), 72, 146

Index 231

Mount Palomar Observatory, 20, 157Mountings, 97, 104, 109, 111, 154

access to pole with, 19accuracy of, 105, 110, 111, 118adjustment of, 199altazimuth, 13, 22, 104, 173, 204backlash in, 199cleaning and lubrication of, 199cross-axis, 18, 20Dobsonian, 15, 22, 44, 105English equatorial, 8, 18, 19, 20, 30fork, 15, 18, 20, 44, 47, 61friction in, 161, 205gears in, 110, 199German equatorial (GEM), 6, 13, 15–20,

35, 44, 47, 61, 74, 100, 105–108, 125,128, 145, 158, 161–163

Gibraltar, 128Horseshoe, 18, 20interchanging telescopes on, 146, 158levelling of, 73, 202lubrication of, 199parallelogram, 13polar alignment of, 30, 43, 46, 73, 111,

125, 162, 202resonance of, 19, 21slewing of, 98, 104, 108, 110, 118,

121, 161split-ring, 18, 20size of, 6, 147yoke, 8, 19See also GOTO

Multivibrator, astable, 201Munger, John, 117Mylar film, 160

Nailing, 65, 76, 80Nebulae, 16, 26, 27

planetary, 15, 30, 87, 117Neighbours, relations with, 33, 37, 120Networks, computer 24, 182Newsgroups, Internet, 88NexRemote, 216NexStar, 216Nikon, 29Nipples, pipe, 168Noctilucent clouds, 12, 29Noise, thermal, 26, 28Normalisation, 19, 107, 116, 118, 162, 196North America Nebula, 27

Northumberland telescope, 2, 19, 100Nuts and bolts, 77

Observatoire de Haute-Provence, 128Observatories

aesthetics of, 66, 87, 154clamshell, 62colour of, 37, 85costs of, 56, 63, 64, 65, 121, 127construction methods for, 69dismantling, 77, 139, 144dome, 35, 39, 41, 56, 61, 62, 66, 87, 97,

107, 121, 136, 155–158drum, 58ease of use of, 128, 154, 182foundations for, 70height of, 39, 40, 52horizon from, 62, 65, 125, 136, 153intrusiveness of, 120, 125, 154, 179lighting in, 92, 94, 143, 171materials for, 37, 74pepper-pot, 57, 62polygonal, 58–60preservation of, 47, 85rooftop, 31risks in, 41, 48, 91 95, 100, 107, 133,

152, 209run-off roof, 37, 39, 51, 58, 104, 121,

136, 146, 149, 154run-off, 37, 39, 48, 62, 87, 120, 121–124,

128–133, 148–152, 154screening of, 32, 33security of, 39, 47, 88, 122, 152size of, 35, 53, 59, 61, 153, 167temperature control in, 86, 127, 154totally-rotating, 59ventilation of, 47, 49, 61, 87, 133, 158very small, 35, 179waterproofing of, 49, 52, 55, 58, 60,

66, 157Observing diary, 23Observing position, 74Observing, visual, 23, 25, 29, 109, 116, 118,

128, 158, 170Obstructed telescopes, 12, 195Occultations, 24Oil (decking), 86OMC, 10Optics, cleaning of, 196Orchestrate, 108

232 Index

Orion Nebula, 45Orion Optics, 10, 118, 125, 146Orion Telescope & Binocular, 12Oscillator, 161

variable frequency, 21Outbuildings, adaptation of, 32, 152Overwhelmingly Large Telescope, 62Oxide (primer), 86

Packaging (of accessories), 96Paint, 80, 85, 87, 124, 129, 142, 146, 154

electrically-conducting, 83, 170Paintshop Pro, 217Panels, fencing, 79Papier-mâché, 81Parallel interface, 104, 111Paramount ME, 107, 108, 121, 123Parker, Don, 25, 124Patios, 91, 125, 136, 143, 146Patterns. see Moulds (for fibreglass)PC. see ComputersP-clips, 100, 213Peach, Damian, 25, 124, 155, 163Peltier cooling, 117, 142, 182Penrice, Olly, 51, 128Periodic error (PE), 21, 26PHD Guiding, 217Phono plugs, 201Photography, 23, 27–29, 111, 114

See also ImagingPhotometry, 23, 47, 182, 187PHOTO-PAINT, 29, 217Photoshop, 29, 163, 164, 217Picostar, 127Piers, telescope, 35, 46, 49, 64, 66, 70, 86,

93, 96, 104, 118, 121, 133, 138,143–147, 149, 153

height of, 74, 161levelness of, 73

Pigment, silver, 155Pinching, optical, 195Pipes

drainage, 121plastic, 142, 174steel, 144

Planetarium software, 22, 105, 111, 215Planets, observation of, 1416, 30Planning permission, procedures, 40Plants, use of, 33, 37, 56, 88, 136Plastic, corrugated, 80, 129, 140

Platforms, observing, 74, 99, 134Platforms, computer, 215Pleiades, 28Plunger, counterweight, 209Plywood, 65, 78, 115, 126, 128, 129,

144, 155POD, 60Pointer, laser, 215Polar frame, 19Polar scope, 202Polaris, 193, 195

See also Mountings, polar alignment ofPole, celestial, 196Polycarbonate sheeting, 80Polyurethane sheets, 180Pop Outside Observatory, 4Porter, Russell W., 20POTH driver, 218Power losses, 90, 91Power supplies, 90, 93, 117, 142, 152,

159, 171Power-packs, 90Poyner, Gary, 14Preservatives, timber, 79, 85Priming, 86Processing

photographic, 23, 28, 29digital, 163See also Software

ProDome, 165Projection, solar, 175Protective equipment, 69, 77Protractor, 202PTFE, 157, 161Ptolemy’s Café, 66Pulley-blocks, 121PulseGuide, 216Pump, aquarium, 117Push-to, 22PVC sheet, 185

QCUIAG, 24

RA, determining, 161Radians, 158Rail, camera, 214Rail, guidescope, 211Rails, 39, 4851, 56, 58, 65, 115, 122, 126,

129, 131, 137–140, 150, 156Railways, vibration from, 32

Index 233

Rainwater, 70, 80, 115, 152, 157RCD, 92RCX400, 201Refraction, atmospheric, 27, 31, 111,

175, 204Registax, 25, 163, 164, 217Reid, Es, 172Remote-control, 23, 44, 97, 104, 123,

152, 182See also Automation

Repeater cables, 97, 104, 106, 107, 124, 152Resin, epoxy, 179Resin, fibreglass, 155Resin-bonded paper, 161Resolution, 25, 125Resonance, telescope 177Reticle, 194, 203Rings, guidescope, 209Roads, vibration from, 32, 114, 119Robo-Focus, 109, 182Rock-wool, 177Rods, threaded, 73, 146, 174Rogers, John, 164Rollers, 58, 157, 168Roofs, observatory, 80, 114, 129, 138,

140, 151Rosse, Earl of, 2Rot. see DecayRotating tube (Newtonian telescope),

100, 195Royal Observatory, 1RS-232. see Serial interfaceRust. see Corrosion

Sack barrow, 184Saddle, dovetail, 207Saddle-plate, 15, 158–160, 182Sadolin, 155Safety. see Observatories, risks inSand, 71, 91, 133, 136Satellites, artificial, 48Saturn, 24Saws, 70, 75, 114, 156, 164SBIG, 26, 111, 117, 124Schott glass, 160Scope cradles, 208Scope-covers, 47Screw heads, 77Screwdrivers, electric, 70, 77Screws, 76, 153

Secondary offset, Newtonian, 192Security lights, 33Seeing, 25, 70, 87, 124, 135, 164, 195Serial interface, 104–107, 109, 111, 123Setting-circles, 96, 114, 161

digital, 22, 161Shaft, counterweight, 182, 209Sheds, adaptation of, 32, 56, 65, 87,

121, 174Shelving, 23, 96, 142, 147Shutters, dome, 157, 165Side-by-side telescope mounting, 213Sigma Octani, 194Signal-to-noise ratio, 25, 164Silica gel, 96, 180Sky at Night, 163Sky Map Pro, 119Sky-camps, 4, 30Skyglow, 34, 86SkyTools, 216Slabs, concrete, 121, 136, 186Sleepers, 130Slip wax, 155Slip-bands, 100Slits, oscillating, 176Snagging (wires), 98, 107Societies, 67, 88Sockets, 92, 127, 143, 144, 152

See also ElectricitySoftware, 24, 97, 105–109, 124, 164, 215Software Bisque, 105, 108, 121Soldering, 100Spectrohelioscopes, 172–178Spectroscopes, 172, 175Spectrum, solar, 176Spherochromaticism, 160Sphinx, 125Spider, Newtonian, 147Splashback, 80Spray, optical, 197Springs, 115, 210Spry, Reg, 70ST-4 autoguider, 111ST80 refractor, 210Stability

mechanical, 31, 70, 104thermal, 31, 39, 56, 87, 104, 142, 158

Stacking (images), 25, 28, 119,124, 164

Star 2000 system, 111, 118

234 Index

Star charts, 215Star clusters, 28

See also globular clustersStar collimation, 193–195Starlight Xpress, 26, 111, 117, 182StarryNight Pro, 216Stars

comparison, 182double, 14, 30, 87, 145guide, 111variable, 14, 29, 109, 182

Statutory requirements, 40, 91Steel

corrugated, 129galvanised, 57, 78, 158stainless, 72

Stellarium, 216Sticky-backed plastic, 97Stools, 101

See also chairsStop, drawtube, 188Storage of equipment, 96Streaks (on optics), 197Streetlights. see Light pollutionStructural engineers, 71Structures, adjustment of, 81Struts, dome, 157Studs, mounting, 158STV autoguider, 111Subsurface, 71Summer houses, adaptation of, 65,

87, 152Sun, observing, 16, 24, 159See also Filters, solarSupernovae, 26, 58, 121, 124Survey astronomy, 108, 121, 187S-video, 104Switches, 93, 142, 143, 152

See also ElectricitySwitch-fuse, 92

T-thread couplings, 27, 28, 215Takahashi, 10, 105, 166, 182, 208, 216Tal, 10Tandem bar, 213Tandem Guidescope Aiming Device, 209Taps, screw, 161Tape, waterproof, 156Technical Innovations, 109, 165Teflon grease, 199

Telrad finder, 215Telescope pointing software, 217Telescope-making, amateur, 5, 6, 13,

22, 163Telescopes

Cassegrain, 12, 30, 59, 99, 141, 146catadioptric, 11, 30, 87, 107, 124,

127, 163Cape Newise, 11Cassegrain-Newtonian, 11collimation of 30, 46, 108, 116, 125, 127,

162, 187compactness of, 183cooling down of, 45, 47, 52, 57, 125, 158Dall-Kirkham Cassegrain, 10, 145Dall-Kirkham-Dall Cassegrain, 11, 100Dobsonian, 7, 22, 128, 131, 133, 183flexure of, 27, 105, 112, 204finder, 105, 116, 200, 215Galilean, 175guide. see GuidescopeKletzov-Cassegrain, 10Maksutov-Cassegrain, 10Maksutov-Newtonian, 10Newtonian, 7, 8, 30, 100, 103, 114, 117,

120, 124–126, 136, 143, 146–148off-axis reflector, 12reflector, 87, 121, 127, 139, 158, 163refractor, 8, 27, 30, 45, 47, 59, 87, 99,

124, 145, 158–161, 163, 196, 200achromatic, 128apochromatic, 8, 27, 128, 211fluorite, 182folded, 163long-focus, 8short-focus, 8, 188

Ritchey-Chrétien Cassegrain, 11Schmidt-Cassegrain (SCT), 9, 19, 36,

109, 120, 124, 128, 130, 134, 146,158, 196

Schmidt-Newtonian, 10skeleton-tubed, 15, 158solar, 11, 175vibration of, 177

Televue, 128Tents, observing, 4, 62Terminal blocks, 90Terminals, post, 93Testing, double-pass, 177Theodolite, 162

Index 235

Thermometers, 127TheSky, 124, 216Timber

cutting of, 75featheredge, 78, 138, 141, 150fixings for, 76grades of, 75joining techniques, 76moulding, 79, 140shiplap, 78, 128sizing of, 75tongue-and-groove 79, 82, 151treated 75, 138warping of, 141

Time, Equation of, 202Time, sidereal, 161Tines, telescope fork, 19Tissues, 197Tools, 64, 69

hand, 69, 76, 142maintenance of, 70power, 70, 141

Torches, 96, 142Torque, drive, 20ToUcam, 163, 164, 177Tpoint, 217Track, dome, 58, 156Tracking. see Guiding and autoguidingTransformer, step-up, 161Treatment (timber), 85Trees, 33, 39, 45, 52, 136Trellis, 33, 38, 149Triad bar, 214Tripods,

photographic, 13telescope, 43, 133, 201

Tube rings, 15, 146, 158, 208Tube, cardboard, 174Tubing, copper, 100TV, 24, 104Tycho Brahe, 1Tyler, Dave, 25, 57, 154, 155, 172

Ultraviolet light, effect on plastics, 66, 86Uraniborg, 1USB, 25, 97, 104–107, 109, 111, 123, 142,

152, 160, 164

Varnish, 86, 128polyurethane, 86yacht, 86

Vaseline, 199Venus, 16, 24, 32, 136, 175, 183Vibration, 21, 31, 32, 34, 71, 119Video recorders, 24Vignetting, 111Virtual COM ports, 105Vision, persistence of, 177Vixen, 125, 182Voyager, 164

Wall plugs, 122, 125Wall rings, 168Wandsworth Common, 2Warm rooms, 24, 97, 104, 152Watec, 24, 104Water cooling of CCDs, 117Water, distilled, 197Water table, 4Wax, timber, 86Weatherboarding, 37Web groups. see Forums, InternetWebb Society, 97Webcams, 15, 24, 106, 124, 163

modified, 26, 29, 104scanning rate of, 177

Wedge, equatorial, 15Wedge, Herschel solar, 160Welding, 51, 57, 77, 129, 133, 135Wheels, 49, 54, 56, 58, 129, 134, 140,

148, 150jockey, 150

Worms, 20, 161Winches, 54Wind, 14, 29, 31, 34, 39, 48, 52, 56, 57, 62,

122, 141, 152, 166Windows. see GlazingWindows (operating system), 105, 182Windows, optical, 11Wires. see CablesWiring, 52, 64, 91, 93, 96, 107, 123, 145

See also ElectricityWith, George, 158Wood. see TimberWood-stain, 126Woodworking, 58Workbenches, 70Worms, drive, 20Worton, Tommi, 14Wren, Christopher, 1

Zenith, access to, 19, 56, 60Zoning ordinances, 41