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Health Snapshot of the Watts Community

Maxine E. Liggins, M.D.

Area Medical Director

Los Angeles County Department of Public Health

South and West Service Planning Areas

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OBJECTIVES

• Participants should be familiar with the population and health statistics in South Los Angeles in comparison to those of other areas of Los Angeles County

• Discuss the prevalence of chronic diseases in South Los Angeles and the impact on the life expectancies for the residents of South Los Angeles

• Discuss the impact of poverty on South Los Angeles

• Participants should understand the role of the Public Health Department in community outreaches

Geographical Boundaries of West and South Los Angeles

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MalibuMalibuMalibuMalibuMalibuMalibuMalibuMalibuMalibu

Pacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific Palisades

West LAWest LAWest LAWest LAWest LAWest LAWest LAWest LAWest LA

BrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwood

Bel AirBel AirBel AirBel AirBel AirBel AirBel AirBel AirBel Air

Marina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del Rey

Playa del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del Rey

Mar VistaMar VistaMar VistaMar VistaMar VistaMar VistaMar VistaMar VistaMar Vista

Santa MonicaSanta MonicaSanta MonicaSanta MonicaSanta MonicaSanta MonicaSanta MonicaSanta MonicaSanta Monica Culver CityCulver CityCulver CityCulver CityCulver CityCulver CityCulver CityCulver CityCulver City

Beverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly Hills

Century CityCentury CityCentury CityCentury CityCentury CityCentury CityCentury CityCentury CityCentury City

WestchesterWestchesterWestchesterWestchesterWestchesterWestchesterWestchesterWestchesterWestchester

Ladera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor Hills

Los Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City Limit

West ComptonWest ComptonWest ComptonWest ComptonWest ComptonWest ComptonWest ComptonWest ComptonWest Compton

Los Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City Limit

WillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrook

Florence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-Graham

LynwoodLynwoodLynwoodLynwoodLynwoodLynwoodLynwoodLynwoodLynwood

ComptonComptonComptonComptonComptonComptonComptonComptonComptonParamountParamountParamountParamountParamountParamountParamountParamountParamount

Population by Race for Los Angeles County2000 – 2006

ETHNICITY 2000 2006

ASIAN 1,120,668 (12.1%) 1,270,774 (13.2%)

BLACK 766,724 (8.3%) 843,479 (8.8%)

LATINO 4,310,940 (46.6%) 4,624,005 (47.9%)

WHITE 2,966,960 (32.1%) 2,877,851 (29.8%)

OTHER 61,229 (0.66%) 28,629 (0.3%)

TOTAL 9,246,541 (100%) 9,644,738 (100%)

US Census Data on population of Los Angeles County

Population Health Status

Health Condition South Los Angeles West Los Angeles

Overweight Children(BMI > 95th Percentile)

25.5 16.2

Percent of Children with Current Asthma

6 13

Diabetes 9.2 4.2

Hypertension (% Adults)

25.4 16.7

Teen Births 85.7 8.4

Infant Mortality 6.5 3.7

Cancer Death Rate/100,000 209 150

Key Indicators of Health, 2005, LAC Department of Public Health

Causes of Death in Los Angeles per 100,000

RACE #1 #2 #3 #4

LATINOS CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE - 107

STROKE - 36 DIABETES - 33 PNEUMONIA & INFLUENZA - 21

WHITES CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE - 158

STROKE - 46 EMPHYSEMA - 37 LUNG CANCER - 35

AFRICAN-AMERICANS

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE - 220

STROKE - 75 BREAST CANCER - 38

LUNG CANCER - 38

ASIAN/PACIFIC ISLANDERS

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE - 81

STROKE - 34 PNEUMONIA & INFLUENZA - 20

LUNG CANCER – 19

NATIVE AMERICANS

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE - 143

STROKE – 45 EMPHYSEMA - 27 LUNG CANCER - 27

Key Indicators of Health, 2007, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health

Health Related Quality of Life

Health Related Quality of Life

Los Angeles County South Los Angeles

% of Children in Poor Health

12.7% 17.6%

% of Adults reporting fair to poor health

20.6% 33.4%

Average # days of limited activities due to poor health

2.4 days 3.3 days

Average # of unhealthy days/month

6.4 days 7.4 days

Key indicators of Health, 2007, LA C Department of Public Health

Years of Potential Life Lost per 100,000 population per year

COMMUNITY HEART DISEASE & STROKE

RANK 1 - 129

La County Overall 1,183 NA

Compton 2,620 129

Florence 1,767 116

Marina del Rey 1,155 67

Santa Monica 749 26

Physical and Social Environment in Los Angeles County

ENVIRONMENT LA County San Fernando West South Los Angeles

Households with income < 100% of poverty level

16.2 12.6 11.0 28.0

Neighborhood Safety

80.9 85.4 89.6 57.7

Education - High School Dropout Rate

4.7 4.9 4.7 7.8

Air Quality - % of children exposed to smoke at home

3.5 3.8 2.8 5.6

Key Indicator of Health, 2007, LAC Department of Public Health

Health Care AccessACCESS LOS ANGELES

COUNTYSOUTH LOS ANGELES

UNINSURED PERCENTAGE

21.8% 31.7%

NO REGULAR SOURCE OF CARE

19.8% 26.9%

DIFFICULTY WITH ACCESS TO CARE

30.1% 43.9%

NO ACCESS TO DENTAL CARE IN ONE YEAR

25.6% 35.1%

The Los Angeles Health Survey, 2005, LAC Department of Public Health

Prevalence of Diabetes Among Adults in Los Angeles County 1997 - 2005

AREA 1997 (%) 1999 (%) 2002-3 (%) 2005 (%)

Los Angeles County

6.6 7.5 7.6 8.6

Antelope Valley

6.7 6.6 7.1 9.0

San Fernando 5.7 6.3 6.5 6.3

San Gabriel 7.0 7.2 6.8 7.3

West 5.3 6.1 4.3 4.7

South Los Angeles

11.5 9.5 11.2 14.5

South Bay 6.0 7.1 8.2 8.3

Prevalence of Diabetes according to Race and Ethnicity in Los Angeles County

Ethnicity 1997 (%) 1999 (%) 2002 – 3 (%)

2005 (%)

LATINO 9.5 11.3 11.4 12.3

WHITE 4.6 5.5 5.4 5.6

AFRICAN-AMERICAN

10.1 9.5 9.4 12.0

ASIAN/PACIFIC ISLANDER

5.9 5.6 5.1 7.1

The Los Angeles Health Survey, 2005, LA County Department of Public Health.

Diabetes Management Indicators by Insurance Status

INSURANCE YES

INSURANCENO

REGULAR MD - YES

REGULAR MD - NO

Percent had a dilated exam in past year

58.7% 43.2% 59.6% 26.0%

Percent had a foot exam in past year

65.7% 46.8% 65.5% 28.3%

Percent took a course or class in how to manage diabetes

56.3% 39.0% 56.0% 34.3%

The Los Angeles County Health Survey, 2005, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health

Prevention and Health Outcomes

Cancer Death Rates National South Los Angeles

Lung 54.1% 46.0%

Breast 25.2% 27.8%

Colorectal 19.1% 23.2%

Cervical 1.3% **

% of women who had a Screening PAP in 3 YRS

86.0% 83.3%

Focus Areas for Health Interventions in South Los Angeles

• Improvements in the Social and Physical Environment – Renovation of County of Los Ted Watkins Park with the addition of exercise equipment

• Addition of new health providers to the community – renovation and rebuilding of South Health Center as the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Public Health

• Rebuilding and re-establishment of Martin Luther King, Jr. County of Los Angeles Hospital

• Additional of future medical providers in South Los Angeles and hope for a national health care plan

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Essential Services of Public Health

• Monitor health status and identify community health problems

• Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community

• Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems

• Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts

• Promote and encourage healthy behaviors

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Reprinted from : Public Health in America. Public Health Functions Steering Committee. US Public Health Service: Washington, D.C. 1994.

Assessment Roles of Public Health

• Accurate Ongoing Assessment of Community Health Status• Identification of Threats to Health• Identification of community assets and resources that support the public

health system in promoting health and improving the quality of life• Collaboration with other stakeholders

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Turnock, BJ. (2009) . Public Health: What it is and how it works. (4 th Edition) . Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA.