occupational ergonomics 2005.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
WELCOME!WELCOME!
TEXAS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY
OCCUPATIONALOCCUPATIONALERGONOMICSERGONOMICS
Go ErgoGo ErgoRisk Management Institute at COLLEGE Of The MAINLAND
AGENDAAGENDA8:00 – 8:10 Opening comments
8:10 – 8:30 Quiz
8:30 – 9:30 The Fundamentals of Ergonomics
9:30 – 9:40 Break
9:40 – 10:45 Anthropometrics & Anatomy
10:45 – 11:15 Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:15 – 11:25 Break
11:25 - 12:00 VIDEO
12:00 – 1:00 LUNCH
Stacy Rose, Loss Prevention ConsultantTexas Mutual Insurance Company
AGENDAAGENDA
1:00 – 2:20 Occupational Risk Factors
2:20 – 2:30 Break
2:30 – 3:15 Conducting An Ergonomics Review
3:15 – 4:00 Office Ergonomics
4:00 – 4:10 Break
4:10 – 5:00 Industrial Ergonomics
Stacy Rose, Loss Prevention ConsultantTexas Mutual Insurance Company
Stacy Rose, Loss Prevention ConsultantTexas Mutual Insurance Company
Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives
Develop an understanding of work-related musculoskeletal disorders
Learn to identify ergonomic risk factors in the workplace Develop the knowledge necessary to conduct your own
ergonomics review
Learn how the principles of ergonomics apply to office & industrial environments
The Science of Ergonomics
Ergo 101
ObjectivesObjectives Introduce ergonomics & define common Introduce ergonomics & define common
termsterms
Review basic anatomyReview basic anatomy
Identify common musculoskeletal Identify common musculoskeletal disordersdisorders
Define scope of the problemDefine scope of the problem
Workplace SafetyWorkplace Safety
Electrical Safety
Fire Prevention
Hazard Communication
Personal Protective Equipment
Lockout/Tag-out
Chemical Safety
Asbestos Control
Confined Space
Medical & First Aid
Ergonomics Defined Early 1700’s, Ramazzini’s study of ill-effects of poor
posture & poorly designed tools on the health of workers
Greek Words “Ergon = work, Nomikos = law”Ergonomics Study of Work Laws
What Is Ergonomics?
Modern Definition
Science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands
to the capabilities of the working population
What Is Ergonomics?What Is Ergonomics?
Ergon – workNomos – laws of
Ergonomics is the laws of work that define the limits to human capability.
What Is Ergonomics?What Is Ergonomics?
Ergonomics is the science of improving employee performance and well-being in relation to the
» job tasks,» equipment, and» the environment.
Ergonomics is…» a continuous improvement effort
to design the workplace for what people do well, and design against what people don’t do well.
What Is Ergonomics?What Is Ergonomics?Ergonomics is fitting the job to the person.
Applying Ergonomics
1. Study, research, & experimentation– Evaluate human traits/characteristics
we need to know for engineering design
2. Application & engineering– Design tools, machines, shelter,
environment, work tasks, and job procedures to fit and accommodate the human
Ergonomics
Human Machine
Work Environment
Utmost Goal: “Humanization” of Work
Design with “E & E”: Ease and Efficiency
The Basics of Ergonomics
INDUSTRIAL
ATHLETE
SKILL
WILL
COACHING
GREAT EQUIPMENT
Applications of ErgonomicsApplications of Ergonomics
AnatomyOrthopedicsPhysiologyMedicine
PsychologySociology
Industrial EngineeringBio-Engineering
Systems EngineeringSafety EngineeringMilitary Engineering
Computer-Aided Design
AnthropometryBiomechanics
Work PhysiologyIndustrial Hygiene
ManagementLabor Relations
Occupational Ergonomics
Optimize worker well-being Optimize productivity Minimize workplace stress factors Minimize medical/workers’
compensation costs
Increase Company Profitability
Occupational Factors Affecting The Worker……..
Physical HazardsChemical HazardsBiological Hazards
Physical Hazards
Heat Stress/Cold Stress Noise Illumination Ventilation Vibration Radiation Falling, Tripping, Slipping
Chemical Hazards
Liquids Solids Gases Dusts Fumes Mists Fibers
Biological Hazards
Needle Stick Injuries Blood Borne Pathogens AIDS Anthrax Tuberculosis Rabies Hepatitis
Where Does Ergonomics Fit Where Does Ergonomics Fit In?In?
Physical Hazards Chemical HazardsBiological Hazards
Ergonomics
Human Machine
Work Environment
Common Ergonomic Terms
Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)
Repetitive Motion DisordersWork-Related Musculoskeletal
Disorders (WMSDs)
Cumulative Trauma Disorders
Bodily injuries or physical ailments that have developed gradually over periods of weeks, months, or even years as the result of repeated stresses on a particular body part
Source: (Erdil & Dickerson, 1997)
Repetitive Motion Disorders
A variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work or other daily activities.
RMDs may be caused by:– overexertion – incorrect posture – muscle fatigue – compression of nerves or tissue – too many uninterrupted repetitions of an activity or motion – friction caused by an unnatural or awkward motion such as
twisting the arm or wrist
Source: (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke )
Examples of Repetitive Motion Disorders
Carpel tunnel syndrome DeQuervain’s disease Raynaud’s syndrome (white
finger) Tendinitis Tenosynovitis Trigger finger
Musculoskeletal Disorders
An MSD is an injury or illness of– Muscles– Nerves– Tendons– Ligaments– Joints– Cartilage– Spinal Discs
A - articular capsuleB - ligamentC - tendon (section view)D - muscleE - tendons
Anterior View: Muscles & Bones
Posterior View: Muscles & Bones
Musculoskeletal SystemMusculoskeletal System
“The Knee”
“Left Anterior Forearm”
Work-Related MSDs
Disorders where the work environment & performance of work
contribute significantly
Made worse or longer lasting by work conditions
Examples of WMSDsExamples of WMSDs
Lower Body– Low Back Pain– Back Strain– Disc Disorder– Degenerative Disc
Disorders– Sciatica– Knee Disorders– Foot Disorders
Examples of WMSDsExamples of WMSDs
Upper Body– Tension Neck Syndrome– Rotator Cuff Syndrome– Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)– Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow)– Tendinitis– Carpal Tunnel Syndrome– DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis– Trigger Finger– Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome
Common Physical Common Physical Injuries/IllnessesInjuries/IllnessesA - inflammation of the shoulder tendonsB - tennis elbowC - inflammation of the wrist tendonsD - lesion of the knee cartilageE - inflammation or tearing of the Achilles tendonF - spraining of the thigh musclesG - backache (due to a lesion of the ligaments or muscles)
Scope of ProblemScope of Problem
Why is Ergonomics Why is Ergonomics Important?Important?
FinancialFinancial HumanisticHumanistic RegulatoryRegulatory Public relationsPublic relations Employee/labor relationsEmployee/labor relations
$
Human
Regulatory AgenciesRegulatory AgenciesNational Institute for Occupational Safety & National Institute for Occupational Safety &
Health (NIOSH)Health (NIOSH)
Occupational Safety & Health Administration Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)(OSHA)
Department of LaborDepartment of Labor
Workers’ Compensation Insurance CompaniesWorkers’ Compensation Insurance Companies
Bureau of Labor & Statistics
Number of Fatalities
Number of Non-Fatal Injuries & Illnesses
Lost Workday Cases
Injury and Illness Incident Rates
The Bureau of Labor Statistics is the principal fact-finding agency for the Federal Government in the broad field of
labor economics and statistics.
Scope of the problemScope of the problem
Bureau of Labor & Statistics (BLS), Bureau of Labor & Statistics (BLS), 20022002
Total cases of non-fatal injuries and Total cases of non-fatal injuries and illnesses illnesses
4,700,6004,700,600
1,436,194 Cases Involved Days Away From Work
More about the injuries……More about the injuries……
Carpal tunnel Carpal tunnel syndromesyndrome cases had cases had more more median median days days away from work away from work (30)(30) than either than either fractures fractures (29) or amputations (29) or amputations (26)(26)
Source: BLS 2002
Musculoskeletal DisordersMusculoskeletal DisordersTotal musculoskeletal disorders 487.9 9 (1,000’s)Total musculoskeletal disorders 487.9 9 (1,000’s)
OccupationsOccupations NumberNumber Median Median Days AFWDays AFW
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 44.4 44.4 66
Truck drivers Truck drivers 36.836.8 1212
Laborers, nonconstruction Laborers, nonconstruction 24.9 24.9 88
Janitors and cleaners Janitors and cleaners 15.2 15.2 77
Assemblers Assemblers 15.2 15.2 1414
Construction laborers Construction laborers 11.1 11.1 1010
Registered nurses Registered nurses 10.8 10.8 66
Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations 9.9 9.9 77
Cashiers Cashiers 9.3 9.3 88
Stock handlers and baggers Stock handlers and baggers 8.8 8.8 55
Sales workers, other commodities Sales workers, other commodities 7.8 7.8 77
Sprains, strains, and tears accounted for over 75.8% of the musculoskeletal disorders that resulted in days away from work in 2002.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome accounted for over 4.6% of the musculoskeletal disorders that resulted in days away from work in 2002.
More about the More about the injuries……injuries……
A majority of injured or ill workers were 20 to 44 years old
Workers 20 to 44 had a higher incidence of injuries or illnesses, while workers 45 and older had a lower incidence of injuries or illnesses than each of their hours worked shares suggest
More about the More about the injuries……injuries……
Two-thirds of the injured or ill workers were men, well above their 59 percent share of the nation’s hours worked.
Most workers (37.2%) had at least 1 to 5 years of service with their employer when they were injured or became ill.
More about the More about the injuries……injuries……
Workers’ Compensation Workers’ Compensation ClaimsClaims
Texas Mutual Claims for 2002Texas Mutual Claims for 2002
26,17526,175
For 3 month period, small business policyholders (premium less than $50,000):
Total Claims: 3,774
Strains 664 (18%)
Sprains 424 (11%)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 17 (0.45%)
Workers’ Compensation Workers’ Compensation CostsCosts
Total Claims: Total Claims: 3,7743,774
Total Dollar Loss:Total Dollar Loss: $28,103,240$28,103,240
StrainsStrains $5,044,619$5,044,619 $7,597$7,597
SprainsSprains $2,549,584$2,549,584 $6,013$6,013
Carpal Tunnel SyndromeCarpal Tunnel Syndrome $180,232$180,232$10,602$10,602
Total Incurred Cost Average Incurred Cost
Financial BurdenFinancial Burden
Source: Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index, 2003; Published by The Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety
In year 2001, serious workplace injury & illnesses cost $45.8 billion
Questions?Questions?