occupational health, safety and environment induction manual...cdscc occupational health, safety...

Occupational Health, Safety

and

Environment

Induction

Manual

Level 2 - EHS

Canberra Deep Space

Communication Complex

Version Control:

Date document last updated: June 2010 Current Version Number: 5 Written by Tony Vinckx, Deputy HR Manager

CDSCC Occupational Health, Safety & Environment Induction Manual (Level 2)

Written by Tony Vinckx Page: 2

Section 1 Declaration Page: 4 Section 2 HSE Information Page: 5

2.1 Introduction 2.2 Disclaimer 2.3 Objectives 2.4 Levels of HSE induction training at CDSCC 2.5 OHS definitions 2.6 OHS legislation 2.7 General roles & responsibilities 2.8 CDSCC safety consultation 2.9 Right to refuse to do unsafe work

Section 3 HSE Policy Page: 12 3.1 CSIRO HSMS & EHS 3.2 CSIRO HSE policy 3.3 Individual HSE responsibilities 3.4 HSE personnel: roles and responsibilities 3.5 Reporting accidents & incidents Section 4 Emergency Procedures Page: 17 4.1 CDSCC Emergency response procedures 4.2 CDSCC Emergency control organisation 4.3 Emergency evacuation procedures 4.4 Emergency alarms 4.5 Emergency assembly area 4.5.1 Emergency assembly map 4.6 First Aid 4.7 Bomb threat 4.8 Fire safety 4.9 Slips, trips & falls 4.10 Antenna movement warnings 4.11 Fire fighting basics 4.11.1 The fire triangle 4.11.2 Fire classifications 4.11.3 Types of fire extinguishers 4.11.4 How to use a portable fire extinguisher

CONTENTS



Section 5 CDSCC Site Specific HSE Guidelines Page: 28

5.1 Smoke free workplace 5.2 Drugs & alcohol 5.3 Workplace behaviour 5.4 Workplace discipline 5.5 Internet & email 5.6 CDSCC transport 5.7 Transport 5.8 Restricted access areas 5.9 Plant operator licensing 5.10 Confined space 5.11 Visitors and contractors 5.12 CDSCC site resources 5.13 Animals

Section 6 Managing Safety Page: 37 6.1 Introduction to risk management 6.2 What are hazards? 6.3 Risk assessment 6.4 Controlling risks 6.5 Regulated work environment 6.6 Manual handling 6.7 Office safety 6.8 Personal protective equipment 6.9 Safety signs at CDSCC 6.10 Workers compensation

Section 7 Special Hazards Page: 46

7.1 Fatigue management

7.2 Hazardous substances 7.3 Chemical hazards 7.4 Noise 7.5 Height safety 7.6 Asbestos 7.7 Energised systems and other work 7.8 Non ionising radiation Section 8 HSE Information Page: 54

8.1 Finding HSE information at CDSCC 8.2 Useful websites

Section 9 Revision Questions Page: 55



I understand that there are CSIRO Health, Safety & Environmental (HSE)

procedures that I must follow.

I agree to seek instruction on any new procedure and practice. I agree to

seek instruction in the safe use of all equipment and to follow the

reasonable directions given to me by staff and/or management. I agree to

report any unsafe items or practices.

I understand the term ‘duty of care’ and understand that I have specific

legal responsibilities under the Commonwealth Occupational Health and

Safety Act (1991).

I understand that ……………………………………………. [insert name] is

available to mentor me for any HSE procedure, requirement or question

that I may have for the next 6 weeks.

I understand that I am part of …………………………………………….

designated work group (eg: BMG) and that my health and safety

representative is (1) ……………………………………………. and (2)

…………………………………………….

I, ……………………………………………. [print name], acknowledge having

received the CDSCC HSE induction manual, version 2 on

…………/………/….…… [insert date],

of ……………………………………………. [company name]

……………………………………………. [signature]

SECTION 1. DECLARATION



2.1 Introduction

This manual explains your health, safety and environmental obligations as a staff member, visitor or contractor when working at Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex (CDSCC). The purpose of this induction manual is to inform you of:

• Health & safety obligations as per the Commonwealth Occupational Health and Safety Act (1991),

• Workers' compensation and rehabilitation as per the Commonwealth Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1988

• The CSIRO Hazard identification, risk assessment and control of risks,

• Particular HSE operational procedures and requirements relevant to CDSCC. Due to the complexity and variety of HSE issues, this manual does not cover every scenario or eventuality and should be read in conjunction with the related HSE procedures and policies available on the intranet. We have tried to keep this manual as brief as possible without affecting the integrity of the information. If you have any comments or need further information, please contact the HSE Officer.

2.2 Obligations You have a legal obligation to be concerned for your own safety and the safety of others who work with and around you. You must follow safe working practices and make proper use of all safety devices and protective equipment provided for you. You must not take any action that creates a new risk or increases an existing risk to the health and safety of yourself or others. You should also take the initiative to check the work you are performing, the safety equipment and processes and take responsibility to minimise risk. Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex has prepared this document in order to assist staff, contractors and their staff and visitors to work safely at CDSCC. Every effort has been made to explain the local conditions, site rules and legal obligations, however, responsibility to understand and observe the relevant procedures remains with the staff and contractors at all times.

2.3 Objectives This document specifies the competency required to work safely at CDSCC and the principal HSE policies and procedures in CSIRO. On completion of the HSE induction training, you should be able to demonstrate the following competencies:

• Legislation concerning HSE,

• Location of CSIRO & CDSCC HSE information including HSMS, EMS, HSE procedures and hazard identification, risk assessment and control of risk,

• Who to see or contact if you unsure of a HSE requirements, hazard or incident occurring,

SECTION 2. INTRODUCTION



2.3 Objectives (con’t)

• Basic organisational site emergency procedures including first aid, fire alarm, fire suppression, EWIS alert, EWIS evacuation and environment incidents,

• Reporting sites hazards, incidents (injury or near miss), damage to equipment and vehicles incidents.

Please note, the terms Occupational Health & Safety, OHS, Environmental Health & Safety, HSE and OHS&E may be used interchangeably in this manual and is taken to mean the same thing.

2.4 Levels of HSE Training

CSIRO is committed to meeting its obligations under the Commonwealth Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1991 and has implemented HSE training to educate the health and safety of employees while they are at work. CDSCC has introduced four (4) levels of induction training, namely: Level 1: Escorted visitor access on CDSCC premises Level 2: Unescorted access - general staff and JPL/NASA personnel (excluding antenna) Level 3: Unrestricted access – antenna staff (includes antenna & radiation safety) Level 4: Unescorted contractor access on CDSCC premises CDSCC has developed four (4) levels of HSE induction manuals to support the training detailed above, namely: Level 1: Visitor brochure

Level 2: HSE Induction Manual (this manual) Level 3: CDSCC Antenna Access Manual Level 4: Contractor Manual (not this manual) 2.4.1 About this manual This manual has been developed from a national unit of competency titled “Follow Workplace Safety Procedures” (BSBCMN106A). All employees and those about to enter the workforce must be able to: 1. Follow workplace safety procedures. This involves recognising hazards in the work area and reporting hazards to your supervisor. It involves following procedures in place to keep the workplace safe and any instructions given for assessing and controlling risks to health and safety in the work area. It also involves knowing how to act in the event of an incident or accident such as a fire or other emergency situation. 2. Contribute to the maintenance of a safe and healthy workplace by understanding the right of all employees in Australia to participate in the management of OHS.

CDSCC has developed 4 levels of OH&S induction training



2.5 OHS Definitions The CSIRO Health and Safety Management System (HSMS) refers to the legislation, policies, procedures and activities that aim to protect the health, safety and welfare of all people at the workplace [as defined by AS/NZS 4804: 1997 “Occupational health and safety management systems – General guidelines on principles, systems and supporting techniques]. The Environmental Management System (EMS) is that part of CSIRO's overall management system that helps staff meets the commitments of CSIRO's Environment Policy.

2.6 OHS Legislation

OHS laws apply to every employer, every worker and every workplace in Australia regardless of whether workers are under a contract of employment, casual, permanent or temporary, are full time or part time or in an apprenticeship or traineeship. OHS laws must be complied with by every business and organisation. They include:

• Commonwealth Legislations,

• Applicable State/Territorial OHS Acts,

• Applicable State/Territorial OHS Regulations,

• National Codes of Practice,

• License and Permit Conditions. The Commonwealth Occupational Health & Safety Act (1991) (the OHS Act) applies at CDSCC. The ACT sets out the legal requirements for ensuring that workplaces are safe and healthy. The key principal of this Act is the responsibility of the employers, known as the employer’s “duty of care”. The employer’s duty of care is the strict legal duty to provide a safe and healthy place of work for employees and others.

The OHS law is the Commonwealth Occupational Health & Safety Act (1991). Employers must provide a safe workplace as far as is practicable and ensure it

stays safe and healthy



2.6.1 The objectives of the Commonwealth Occupational Health & Safety Act,

1991 (ACT) Employers must ensure the health, safety and welfare of their employees, when at work by:

• Maintaining places of work under their control in a safe condition and ensuring safe entrances & exits,

• Making arrangements for ensuring the safe use, handling, storage and transport of plant and substances,

• Providing and maintaining systems of work and working environments, that are safe and without risks to health,

• Providing the information, instruction, training and supervision necessary to ensure the health and safety of employees,

• Providing adequate facilities for the welfare of employees,

• Ensuring the health and safety of visitors and persons who are not employed but working at their place of work.

“Providing a safe workplace” means:

• Assessing the likelihood of hazards for causing injury or illness,

• Controlling and minimising the risks associated with hazards

• Providing information and ensuring workers are aware of particular hazards

• Organising safe systems of work

• Improving understanding of safe work procedures by instruction and training

• Providing protective clothing and equipment

• Ensuring tools, equipment and machinery are safe and kept safe

• Supervising inexperienced workers to prevent exposure to risks

• Consulting with workers through OHS representatives and OHS committees

• Monitoring the workplace to ensure safety instructions are being followed

• Keeping records of inspections and work related injuries “So far as practicable” means:

• Doing what can be done in light of:

• The severity of the hazard or risk in question

• The state of knowledge about that hazard or risk and any methods of removing or mitigating that hazard or risk

• The availability and suitability of ways to remove or mitigate that hazard or risk

• The cost of removing or mitigating that hazard or risk



2.7 General Roles & Responsibilities 2.7.1 What an employer must provide to the employee? Under the Commonwealth Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991 (the OHS Act) employers must provide and maintain a working environment that is safe and without risks to health. This includes requirements to:

• Provide and maintain plant that is safe to use

• Provide safe systems of work for using plant and substances

• Provide adequate information on hazards, as well as instruction, training and supervision to help you do your work safely

• Provide personal protective equipment appropriate for the job

• Provide adequate welfare facilities such as amenities and first aid 2.7.2 What is expected of employees?

Under the Commonwealth Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991: You must:

• Take all reasonably practicable steps to care for your own health and safety and avoid affecting the health and safety of your co-workers and other persons in the workplace, and

• Co-operate with your employer – follow all safety instructions and use equipment properly

You must not:

• Willfully or recklessly interfere with or misuse anything provided in the interests of health and safety, or

• Willfully place at risk the health or safety of any person at the workplace It is in your best interests to work safely as this will protect you and your workmates from injuries. Your responsibilities include:

• Working/behaving in ways that take care for their own safety;

• Taking reasonable care not to endanger the health and safety of others;

• Following health and safety instructions provided by the employer;

• Correctly using personal protective equipment and clothing;

• Taking care to use equipment safely and for its intended purpose;

• Reporting hazards;

• Reporting work-related injuries or harm to health; and

• Cooperating with the employer on health and safety matters Above all, remember: At the end of the day you and your workmates should go home safely to family and friends

Workers MUST follow any safety instruction given by the supervisor or anyone in authority at work. They DO NOT have to carry out working in conditions they

consider unsafe or dangerous.



2.7.3 Responsibilities of persons in control of the workplace

The principal contractor is responsible for identifying all site safety issues and providing and maintaining the proper systems to ensure the safety of workers, visitors and the public. This includes establishing, prior to commencing work on a site, systems and processes for:

• Access and Egress

• Site safety needs and amenities

• Site conditions and security

• Site safety inductions

• Safety signs and notices

• Records, registers and forms

• Health and safety consultative arrangements

• Lists of contacts on site e.g. Foreman, first aid etc.

• Emergency procedures “Person(s) in control”

• Involved in risk assessment and control

• Resolve HSE issues “Contractors responsibilities”

• Work to competence and accepted standard

• Look after self, sub employees, site equipment and environment

• Identify HSE issues and report site related injuries or hazards

2.8 CDSCC Safety Consultation

Safety consultation is the process of seeking the views of others before making decisions. Consultation with employees encourages a sense of involvement and participation. The OHS Act sets out the following mechanisms through which consultation can be achieved:

2.8.1 Designated Work Groups (DWG)

A designated work group is a group of employees of a single employer, who have common work interests, for example, the nature of the work area is similar. Arrangements for the formation of DWG’s is defined under the Commonwealth Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991. CDSCC has the following DWG’s: Operations Systems Engineering Business Management Antenna Site & Facilities Each DWG elects one Health and Safety Representatives and one Deputy and assist management by ensuring that the workplace is safe and without risk to the health and safety of employees.



2.8.2 Health and Safety Representatives (HSRs)

The health and safety representative is the elected voice of the DWG to represent their safety interests. The health and safety representatives can:

• Attend to safety issues raised by workers

• Inspect the workplace

• Request a WorkCover inspection

• Accompany a WorkCover Inspector

• Be present at interview and meetings concerning health and safety matters

• Report to managers and supervisors

• Issue Provisional Improvement Notices (PIN) Employers should consult with health and safety representatives at all stages of the job and encourage open and honest two-way communication and cooperation.

2.8.3 Health and Safety Committee The health and safety committee provides a formal means of discussing and resolving health and safety issues. The health and safety committee can:

• Assist the employer to develop and implement measures designed to protect the health and safety of employees and to keep the adequacy of those measures under review

• Facilitate cooperation between the employer and the employees in relation to Occupational Health and Safety matters

• Help to improve health and safety standards

All employees are a member of a DWG. The OHS Committee comprises of HSR’s and employer representatives.

2.9 Right to refuse to do unsafe work

If you believe the work you are doing is dangerous and there is an immediate risk of serious injury or harm to yourself or others, then you can refuse to do this work.

You must immediately tell your supervisor and HSE Advisor of your concerns.

The problem then has to be resolved by the employer and the HSE Advisor or committee, or employees. If these people cannot resolve the matter, they may then request a Comcare Inspector to attend the workplace.

The employer can require employee’s to do other work pending resolution of the HSE matter.



3.1 HSMS & HSEMS at CDSCC

The following documents comprise of the CDSCC HSE management system, which are located on the intranet [Standard Procedures > Safety/Emergency] A. CSIRO H&S Management System (HSMS)

This website provides the framework for managing the CSIRO HSE program.

B. Environmental Management System (EMS) The EMS website provides the framework for managing environmental impacts at CSIRO. C. CDSCC Antenna Access Manual

This document details the procedures, which must be followed to safely access the antenna structures at the Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex.

D. CDSCC Emergency Response Procedures

The aim of these procedures is to describe emergency measures that employees are required to take in responding to emergencies in the shortest possible time, and to reduce the impact of emergency events on CDSCC facilities and its operations including their impact on employees, contractors, visitors, property and the environment. E. CDSCC Confined Spaces Operations Manual (based on AS/NZS:2865)

The purpose of this manual is to identify the locations of Confined Spaces on the station and the personal protective clothing, equipment, permit and procedures that must be used when entering such spaces.

F. CDSCC Specific CDSCC has subject specific OHS procedures. These are listed on the intranet, via Standard Procedures > Safety/Emergency

SECTION 3. CDSCC HSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM



3.2. CSIRO HSE Policy

“Striving for Zero Harm”

CSIRO is committed to safeguarding the health, safety and wellbeing of our people, our partners and the communities in which we operate. Health, safety and environmental sustainability are fundamental to the way we operate. People are at the heart of CSIRO’s capacity to deliver great science and innovative solutions for industry, society and the environment.

CSIRO aspires to Zero Harm to our people and the environment. We are committed to develop, implement and maintain systems and processes to ensure we:

• uphold our value of a genuine commitment to safety and environment and to improve the health of our people

• establish clear leadership accountabilities for safety and environmental sustainability

• comply with all relevant legislation, policies, procedures, standards, licence conditions and other relevant requirements, and go beyond compliance to achieve the aims of this policy

• identify, assess and manage risks to prevent injuries to our people and harm to the environment

• consult with staff and encourage initiatives that contribute to a safer, cleaner and environmentally sustainable working environment

• report and investigate all injuries, illnesses, near misses and environmental incidents

• seek ways to promote and improve the health of our people and support people in making healthy choices

• establish and achieve challenging environmental sustainability goals including energy efficiency and water usage

• conduct our scientific research in a manner that supports environmental sustainability

• measure, evaluate and report our performance progress against set targets and established policies, procedures and systems

• respect traditional rights and culture of indigenous people • work with government, industry and other stakeholders to address Australia’s

sustainability challenges.

We know we are successful when our people arrive home safe and healthy and we are valued for our contribution to sustainable development for Australia and our global future.

Dr Megan Clark Chief Executive



3.3 Individual HSE Responsibilities & Accountabilities

The HSE policy provides guidance on what CSIRO expects from its employees, contractors and visitors regarding HSE matters. Everyone has a duty to themselves, work colleagues, other persons at work and the community in actively supporting the HSE policy. This includes following procedures and reasonable directions, undertaking risk assessments before, during and on completion of work, raising HSE issues as they arise or due to a change in the workplace and being mindful of their actions on the safety to themselves and others. You have the right and expectation to raise a safety or environmental matter at any time. You also have the right to refuse work or direction that you believe to be unsafe. This issue must be notified immediately to your HSR and HSE Advisor or responsible line manager.

3.4 EH&S Personnel: Roles & Responsibilities 3.4.1 Environment Health & Safety Committee The HSE Committee is established according to the Commonwealth OHS Act 1991. The Committee is comprised of elected employees who are the designated health and safety representatives (HSRs) and employer representatives. The Committee meets 11 times each year or as requested. Each HSR and deputy HSR is elected from within his or her designated work group (DWG) for a two-year period. Minutes of meetings are distributed to staff electronically and kept for historical record. The HSR representative is responsible for bringing HSE matters to the Committee and passing notified information, outcomes or agreed actions back to the DWG.



3.4.2 CDSCC Emergency Control Organisation (ECO) The Shift Supervisor is the Chief Warden and head of the CDSCC ECO. All incidents requiring support shall be notified to the Shift Supervisor on telephone extension 555 or CDSCC radio channel 1 and include:

• Fire

• First aid

• Catastrophic equipment or plant failure

• Unlawful entry onto the site

• Environmental hazards (oil spills or bio hazards) You are responsible for advising the type, nature and location of the incident and number of casualties and type of technical support required. The Shift Supervisor is responsible for site wide response coordination and contacting external agencies like police, fire, ambulance and Workcover. If the Shift Supervisor consider a site evacuation is necessary, then he/she will notify this over the public address system.



3.5 Reporting Incidents

Accidents and near misses (or dangerous occurrences), no matter how small, must be recorded on Accident/Incident Report Form. This information is used to prevent the incident happening again and prevent injuries that might be worse the second time. Should you suffer an injury, illness or near-miss related to your work you must report it immediately to your team leader. You and your team leader will need to complete the Accident Report Form and involve the HSE Advisor as soon as possible. Accident Report Forms are available on the HR Portal or from the HSE Advisor. Incidents include all those that cause actual or potential harm to persons or equipment or environment and include:

• Near misses

• Personal injury

• Catastrophic equipment failure

• Uncontrolled release of energy eg: electrical, hydraulic, cryogenic

• Release of material likely to or will cause harm to the environment Personal injuries MUST be reported before leaving CDSCC or work area. CSIRO is required by law to report injuries to its workers compensation insurer within 48 hours of the incident occurring. Reportable incident sites are not to be interfered with other than to preserve life, minimise further damage to equipment or the environment or make the area safe. The team leader is responsible for advising external investigating agencies under direction from the Site Manager or delegate.

All staff that witness or are involved in an incident are obliged to report the incident as soon as practicable to their team leader.



An emergency is an actual or imminent occurrence (such as an accident, fire, bomb threat, gas and chemical explosion, flood, collapse of a building or structure) which:

• Endangers, or threatens to endanger the health or safety of persons, or

• Destroys or damages, or threatens to destroy or damage property or environment

Your site should have an emergency plan displayed prominently to instruct all workers and visitors of the following:

• The alarm signal for evacuation

• The correct way to exit the building

• What you should do and what you should not do in an emergency

• The safe assembly point

• The site personnel in charge of emergencies

• Contact for emergency and rescue services

4.1 CDSCC Emergency Response Procedures This document (located on the intranet) describes the procedures for emergency measures that employees are required to take in responding to emergencies in the shortest possible time and to reduce the impact of emergency events on CDSCC facilities and its operations including their impact on employees, contractors, visitors, property and the environment e.g. damage to soil or waterways. The document outlines how to:

• Communicate emergency situations to all employees, contractors and visitors, and where applicable to the Fire Brigade, Ambulance and Police (external Emergency Services) and/or applicable legislative authorities;

• Protect and assemble employees, contractors and visitors to a safe location;

• Account for all persons;

• How to respond to alarms and emergencies;

• How to report incidents;

• Details CDSCC ECO response;

• Details actions and behaviours expected of employees, contractors and visitors at CDSCC during an emergency;

• Provide for an appropriate emergency response prior to the arrival of external Emergency Services;

• Provide advice and assistance to external Emergency Services personnel and agencies upon their arrival and during the period of the emergency;

• Systematically restore facilities and activities to “normal” operations after the emergency has been managed;

• Conduct an emergency response debrief for the purposes of strengthening the emergency response processes

SECTION 4. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES



4.2 CDSCC Emergency Control Organisation (ECO) The CDSCC Emergency Control Organisation consists of several stakeholders including the Site Manager and Shift Supervisor as the Chief Warden. The chart below depicts this organisational structure:



4.3 Emergency Evacuation Procedures

All incidents requiring assistance or that present a risk to people, environment or CDSCC plant and equipment are to be reported to the Shift Supervisor on telephone extension x555 (02 62017555) or on radio channel 1. The following instructions provide guidance to all employees regarding this matter:

1. Your priority is to raise the alarm to anyone in the immediate area and the Shift Supervisor.

2. You should then evacuate or notify any persons in the immediate area, securing any equipment or systems, if safe to do so.

3. Render all possible assistance to injured or disabled persons to leave the area and too a safe location.

4. In the event of a fire, portable fire extinguishers are located around the site and may be used, if safe to do so. Otherwise, close any doors or windows when exiting the area to restrict the flow of air.

5. CSIRO does not expect or require staff to fight fires. All operational areas of CDSCC have fixed fire detection and fire suppression systems.

To report an emergency, call the Shift Supervisor on Ext. 555 or if in radio

contact use Channel 1

Life over property takes precedence at ALL TIMES



4.4 Emergency Alarms

The important points to remember are:

• Each fire protected building or antenna has a local electric bell and water flow alarm. In the event of a local alarm, secure your immediate area and evacuate the antenna/building, notifying and assisting other persons on the way,

• An automated emergency warning & Intercommunication system (EWIS) comprising of two tones (alert & evacuate) and public address system is used to advise the site in event of an emergency,

• CDSCC uses a pool warden system to coordinate evacuations and searches. Wardens work under the direction of the Chief Warden and wear orange labeled vests,

• Listen to and obey instructions given by warden,

• Do not stop to collect personal belongings, and

• Remain in the assembly area until advised the emergency is over

• Do not re-enter the building until advised it is safe to do so by the warden.

4.5 Emergency Assembly Area

There are two evacuation assembly areas. The assembly point to be used in an emergency will be nominated by the Chief Warden over the EWES during the event. These are located at:

• The Cafeteria

• The Training Building (weekdays and day shift only)

• Other evacuation assembly areas are determined by the Chief Warden and are advised over the PA. They are dependent on the location, type of emergency and the time it occurs.

Refer to Emergency Assembly Map on the next page.

If you hear the “ALERT’ alarm tone, prepare to leave the building.

If you hear the “EVACUATE” alarm tone, walk to the nearest exit and convene at the emergency assemble area

The assemble area is the Training Building



4.5.1 Emergency Assembly Map

Assembly Area TRAINING BUILDING

Assembly Area CANTEEN



4.6 First Aid First aid boxes are located throughout the site including antenna, buildings and vehicles. Please familiarise yourself with the nearest first aid box in your workplace and the location of the First Aid Room. A list of first aid kit locations can be found in Safety Procedure 1.

4.7 Bomb Threats

� Try to keep the caller talking for as long as possible; � Use the “Bomb Threat Check List” to ask as many questions as you can; � Complete the checklist located next to the phone; � Should the caller hang up, DO NOT HANG UP YOUR PHONE; � By keeping the line open the Police maybe able to trace the call and � Report the call immediately to the shift supervisor using another telephone.

4.8 Fire Safety The first priority in the event of a fire is to ensure that all people who may be in danger are warned, and that action is taken to guarantee their safety, before any steps are taken to prevent the spread of the fire or secure assets.

� Help people in immediate danger � Warn others by shouting “Fire, Fire, Fire”, raise the alarm if not already sounding

and telephone Ext. 555. � Decide if you can put the fire out. If you are not sure, do not attempt to. � Don’t attempt to use a fire extinguisher if you have never been instructed on how

to use one. � If you can put out the fire then do so, if not proceed to evacuate the building. � Close doors and windows behind you to reduce the spread of the fire.

Emergency first aid can be obtained by phoning the Ext. 555

All bomb threats should be taken seriously

You discover a fire, warn others by shouting “FIRE, FIRE, FIRE’



4.9 Slips, Trips & Falls Factors that contribute to the risk of slips and trips include:

• unstable, loose, or uneven floor surfaces;

• obstacles blocking walkways;

• slippery floor surfaces from wet spilt substances, eg fluid, mud or oil;

• types of flooring or surface texture, such as wood, concrete or vinyl;

• inadequate lighting; and/or

• inadequate footwear.

4.10 Antenna Movement Warnings Completion of this training course does not authorise you to access any antenna. All antenna are remote controlled and may start, move and stop without notice. Antenna’s present significant exposure too many types of hazards such as electronic, hydraulic, cryogenic, working at heights, confined space and non ionising radiation. Access to any antenna must comply with the CDSCC Antenna Access Manual and successful completion of Level 3: CDSCC Antenna Induction training. Before an antenna moves to point or returns to stow, shift personnel will make a page announcement following five horn blasts.

Surveillance cameras are used to view the pad areas at the antennas prior to slewing.

"DSSxx will be moving to POINT or STOW in two minutes time. "Objectors please call ......" or a similar message consistent with the intended movement.

50% of all reported accidents are the result of a slip, trip or fall. Slippery or uneven floors and objects left lying around are a hazard in many

workplaces.

The sounding of the horn is required since paging may be muffled or garbled in

certain locations on the station.



4.11 Fire Fighting Basics

When you start any new work related task at the station, it is always advisable to look around and find where the fire extinguishers and fire exits are located so as to be prepared in the case of an emergency. Familiarise yourself with the fire and emergency alarms on the site. It is also a good idea to have a basic knowledge of fire protection.

4.11.1 The Fire Triangle Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid oxidation or burning of a fuel. It needs three elements to occur: FUEL - Fuel can be any combustible material - solid, liquid or gas. Most solids and liquids become a vapor or gas before they will burn. OXYGEN - The air we breathe is about 20.9 percent oxygen. Fire only needs an atmosphere with at least 16 percent oxygen. HEAT - Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur. The combination of these three elements is frequently referred to as the "fire triangle". Add in the fourth element, the chemical reaction and you actually have a fire "tetrahedron." The important thing to remember is that if any one of these four things can be removed there will be no fire or the fire will be extinguished.

Essentially, fire extinguishers put out fire by taking away one or more elements of the fire triangle/tetrahedron.



4.11.2 Fire Classifications & Suppressions In Australia, there are five fire classifications: CLASS A: Fire in ordinary combustible materials including paper, wood, rubbish. CLASS B: Fire involving flammable or combustible liquids including inks, solvents, thinner, fuel oils, paint. CLASS C: Fire involving flammable gases including LP Gas, Natural Gas, Acetylene. CLASS D: Fire involving combustible metals, including magnesium, potassium, sodium. CLASS E: Fire involving live electrical equipment including switchboards, electrical motors and machinery. CLASS F: Fire involving cooking fats including deep fat fryers. The five types of portable fire extinguisher equipment installed on the station: 1. WATER Because of its availability and cheapness, water is the most common extinguishing agent used and is delivered by using the fire hose reels positioned within the building. It works successfully because it has the capacity to remove heat from both the burning fuel and from the burning vapour. Water should NEVER be used where live electricity is present. 2. CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHERS (coloured red with a central black band) Unlike water it is not dangerous to use CO2 on electrical fires as the gas will not conduct electricity. If used in a confined space the injection of carbon dioxide and the subsequent removal of oxygen may cause a further hazard. 3. DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHERS (coloured red with a central white band) Dry chemical extinguishers will not conduct electricity but will smother a fire and are normally used to fight flammable liquid fires. When used indoors a dry chemical extinguisher can create a mess and be harmful to electrical equipment such as switchboards and computers. 4. FOAM EXTINGUISHERS (coloured blue) The foam extinguisher is specifically suited to flammable liquid but should not be used for live electrical fires as the foam is water based and will conduct electricity. 5. WET CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHERS (coloured light brown) The wet chemical extinguisher is specifically designed to fight fat fires within a kitchen. All kitchens which have deep fat fryers should install wet chemical fire extinguishing equipment.

In addition, fire blankets - woven fibreglass fire blankets are located adjacent to the various kitchenettes located around CDSCC.



4.11.3 Types of Fire Extinguishers

You need to know this stuff - you can't risk using the wrong type of extinguishing agent on a fire or you'll make the situation worse and may involve yourself in the incident (by being electrocuted, for example).

CLASS OF FIRE

TYPE OF FIRE

EXTINGUISHER

A Wood, paper and

plastics

B Flammable & combustible

liquids

C Flammable

gases

E Energised electrical

equipment

F Cooking oils &

fats

WATER

YES

WET CHEMICAL

YES

FOAM

YES YES

DRY POWDER

YES YES YES

CARBON DIOXIDE

YES YES YES



4.11.4 How to Use a Portable Fire Extinguisher

PASS It's easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you can

remember the acronym PASS, which stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.

Pull the pin. This will allow you to operate the extinguisher.

Aim at the base of the fire. This is where the fuel is.

Squeeze the top handle or lever. This releases the pressurised extinguishing agent in the extinguisher.

Sweep from side to side until the fire is

completely extinguished. Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then move forward as the fire diminishes.

Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it re-ignites.



CDSCC safety procedures on specific safety subjects are available on the Intranet. This manual does not list ALL HSE requirements at CDSCC.

5.1 Smoke Free Workplace

Inside antenna, buildings and motor vehicles are designated non-smoking areas. This rule also extends to areas outside buildings, near doors, windows or air intake ducts where air may be drawn into buildings, vehicles etc. Smoking is also prohibited within 15 metres of the fuel station. Smokers are responsible for collecting and disposing of all litter associated with smoking, including the disposal of cigarette butts in the steel bins provided to minimize adverse effects to wildlife and the environment. Smokers are responsible for ensuring that all butts are extinguished before leaving the smoking area.

5.2 Drugs & Alcohol

CSIRO has a harm minimisation policy regarding drugs and alcohol, fatigue and other issues affecting work performance. Employees are required to present themselves “fit for work” at all times. Alcohol and non-prescription drugs are prohibited from site without the O/M Site Manager approval.

Any person considered “not fit for work” will be stood down and sent home on pay until the next shift/work day and a record placed on personal file. A second incident will be referred to the HR Advisor for investigation and resolution/s can include stand down (unpaid), referral to medical treatment or counselling and termination of employment (as specified by the Certified Agreement).

Contractors and visitors considered to be in an unfit state will be directed to leave CDSCC.

SECTION 5. CDSCC HSE GUIDELINES

No smoking is allowed in CDSCC buildings, motor vehicles and antennas

Alcoholic beverages on site are prohibited while on duty



5.3 Workplace Behaviour Offensive behaviour by any party will not be tolerated at CDSCC. Offensive behaviour includes:

• all behaviour and language which includes intimidation, ridicule, practical jokes, gossip, aggressive or demanding language and inappropriate, demeaning or discriminatory attitudes or assumptions

• about persons based on age, race, sex, disability, sexual orientation, transgender status, or marital status and

• behaviour such as whistling, unsolicited remarks of a sexual nature and swearing.

• behaviour and language from emails and voice/text messages

• comments and remarks from a person directly or indirectly from a 3rd person Other examples of unacceptable behaviour include:

• constant criticism

• sabotaging a person’s work performance

• unwelcome rage

• favoritism

• overloading of work

• setting impossible deadlines

• isolating or ignoring people in the workplace CDSCC Equity & Diversity Officer is Tony Vinckx (ext. 987). Issues can also be raised through the HR Advisor and with the counsellor.

5.4 Workplace Discipline Individual performance management, serious misconduct, complaints and unsatisfactory behaviour are managed according to the relevant Certified Agreement.

Any form of harassment, bullying or violence in the workplace is considered

unacceptable behaviour

All discipline matters are managed according to the CDSCC Certified Agreement.



5.5 Internet & Email Please refer to the intranet for further information regarding the “Personal Computer Use & Email” [Standard Procedures > Administration Section] 5.5.1 Code of Conduct CDSCC will not tolerate the use of the email and/or Internet system in any of the following ways:

• Material considered offensive, defamatory, obscene, pornographic, discriminatory, insulting or disruptive to any other person

• To access, view, download, print or send messages or attachments which include:

� Language that is not appropriate in the workplace (such as swearing or sexually explicit references);

� Sexually explicit messages or pictures; � Offensive or inappropriate cartoons or jokes; � Unwelcome propositions or love letters; � Ethnic or racial slurs; and/or � Any material which contains disrespectful comments about people with

disabilities, people’s sexual orientation, or any person’s physical attributes.

• For sending chain email, gambling, participating in on-line games, retrieving games or screen savers unless there is a business need to do so, joining a mailing list or chat group, posting messages to news groups, or engaging in on-line purchasing or selling.

• For intentional dissemination of any computer viruses,

• For personal advertising or for personal profit making,

• For disclosing confidential information,

• For responding to external requests for information or complaints through email unless it is the computer user’s specific responsibility to do so.

• For sending, forwarding, printing or receiving any material or data which does not comply with CDSCC’s policies and procedures or which is contrary to the CDSCC’s best interests.

Internet & email is provided for work related purposes.

Limited personal use is allowed. CDSCC monitors all internet usage.



5.5.1 Computer Users Responsibilities

Users must:

1. Use only those computer accounts which have been authorised for their use, and use computing facilities and services only for authorised purposes.

2. Maintain secure passwords to their accounts and take reasonable precautions against unauthorised access.

3. Not attempt to access, change or copy information belonging to other users without their explicit consent.

4. Not use or make illegal copies of copyrighted software. 5. Not attempt to interfere with the normal operation of computing systems. 6. Not attempt to subvert the restrictions associated with their computing accounts. 7. Not use computing facilities to send or acquire obscene, vulgar or harassing

material. 8. Not attempt unauthorised access to computers outside CDSCC using CDSCC

computers or communication facilities. 9. Report any unauthorised access to their accounts to relevant system

administrators.

All information contained on any CDSCC computer system belongs to CSIRO and may be intercepted, monitored and accessed by CSIRO and CSIRO on behalf of JPL and NASA.

5.6 CSDCC Transport Only employees holding a valid drivers license are to drive company motor vehicles, over 25 years of age. Drivers must obey the relevant traffic laws at all times and are personally responsible for safe operation of the vehicle, passenger comfort and other road users. Drivers are responsible for any traffic infringement/s they have incurred. All company motor vehicles are fitted with tachographs which record time and speed of the vehicle to support the concept of safe vehicle use. Wildlife and livestock present a recurring risk when driving to/from CDSCC. Injured wildlife must be reported to ACT Urban Services on 132281.

Most car accidents/damage occurs when trying to avoid hitting kangaroos.



5.7 CSDCC Transport (con’t) Please refer to the intranet for further information regarding the “Transport Policy” [Standard Procedures > Administration Section] Vehicles should be treated with care and any damage reported immediately. Station vehicles may only be driven by an employee holding a valid Australian Capital

Territory or State drivers license, exclusively used for business purposes, and only for their intended use (for example, fleet vehicles are not to be used to go off-road, into rough terrain). No vehicle shall exceed the posted speed limits, either off or on-site. Drivers must adhere to local traffic rules and in accordance with any licensing restrictions such as wearing glasses, P plates, etc). No person may drive an official vehicle whilst suffering from any disability that may impair their control of the vehicle. While travelling in a CDSCC vehicle, drivers should alternate every two hours or, if traveling alone, stop for a break every two hours. If a CDSCC vehicle has a number of possible drivers, a driver who is over the age of 25 is to drive the vehicle. This decision is based upon insurance purposes and in no way suggests that CDSCC employees who are under 25 are less competent drivers. If there are reasonable grounds for the person under 25 to drive, for example driver fatigue then you are requested to select the safest option. It is the individual’s responsibility to advise HR of any change to license details [eg: address or classes] or conditions [eg: glasses] or disqualification imposed on the license holder. Each CDSCC pool vehicle has been fitted with electronic tachographs, which is designed to measure vehicle speed and operating time. Drivers travelling off-site are to complete the transport record sheet [chit] and hand the chit to the Guard at the main gate on the way out. The company prohibits the private use of company vehicles. Transferring vehicles from one driver’s residence to another driver’s residence or moving a vehicle at an employee’s place of residence is considered to be authorised use. Smoking is prohibited in company vehicles. When driving to and from the site, please ensure head lights are switched on.

Company motor vehicles must only be used for business purposes ONLY.



5.8 Restricted Access Areas

The accompanying person or supervising person is personally responsible for the safe access, working in and egress from restricted access areas. Other areas of restricted access at CDSCC include:

• All antenna structures

• Collimation tower

• Microwave tower

• Building roofs

• Confined spaces

• Powerhouse

• Cryogenic work shop

5.9 Plant Operator Licensing Certain CDSCC plant and equipment requires the operator to hold a National OHS Certificate of Competency including:

• Elevated work platform (including Bronto & Haulette)

• Forklift trucks (all)

• Non slewing mobile crane (eg: Lull)

• Skid steer loader

• Front end loader and backhoe Only authorised persons are to operate the ride on mower and street sweeper. An additional Workcover driver’s license endorsement is required for drivers of the antenna truck, Bronto (drive only) and facilities tip truck.

Persons who have not successfully completed Level 3: Antenna & Restricted Access induction training must be accompanied at all times by a person who

has completed this training.



5.10 Confined Space There are many areas on the station that require staff members to enter or work in confined spaces. A confined space is an enclosed or partially enclosed space which:

a. is at atmospheric pressure during occupancy

b. is not intended or designed primarily as a place of work

c. may have restricted means for entry and exit; and

d. which may: • have an atmosphere which contains potentially harmful levels of

contaminant; • not have a safe oxygen level; or cause engulfment

A confined space is a place with a restricted means for entry or exit, where harmful substances, lack of oxygen and other hazards may increase the risk of injury to those entering the space. Entry to designated confined spaces must conform to the CDSCC Confined Spaces Operations Manual. A list of designated confined spaces and entry requirements is contained in the CDSCC Confined Spaces Operations Manual. Your work may include other areas not listed in the manual. Confined spaces may be air conditioning ducts, crawl spaces, pits, trenches, pipes, sewers or box beams. All employees who are required to work in a confined spaces should receive full information, instruction and training in relation to hazards and risks and be made aware of the relevant risk assessment for the confined space work. The risk assessment should include the following control measures. An entry permit signed on and off by the person controlling the work and describing:

• The confined space that the permit applies to

• The measures for control of risks

• The names of the employees approved to enter the space

• The name of the stand-by person assigned to the confined space

• The period of time for which the permit is valid

Hazardous conditions can change quickly and at any time. It is always the responsibility of the person entering a Confined Space to complete a confined space entry permit.

Stand-by arrangements for:

• Continuous communication between the persons in the confined space and a responsible person on the outside

• Emergency procedures that can be initiated from outside the space

• The procedure to know when employees have entered or exited the confined space

• Emergency procedures for rescue and first aid

Never enter a confined space unless you have been trained and completed both entry permit and confined space risk assessments.



5.11 Visitors & Contractors

5.11.1 Visitors & Contractors In accordance with the induction training offered by CDSCC, visitors will be classified as Level 1: Escorted and Contractors classified as Level 4: Unescorted. Accessing any antenna, confined space or other designated work area is prohibited unless the person has completed Level 3 training or in company with a person who has completed Level 3 training. Casual visitors, contractors and guests must complete as a minimum the Level 1 HSE induction training and be appointed a site liaison or sponsor. The guard will record the visitor(s) or contractors(s) name, company, time of entry/exit and site contact details for each person (including groups). 5.11.2 Contractors Before working on site, contractors must provide copies of:

• Workers Compensation,

• Public Indemnity insurance,

• Relevant licenses,

• Safety Management Plan for the intended work as agreed with the relevant CSIRO project manager,

Contractors always remain responsible for their own and employee safety and safety of others and equipment, buildings, environment and antennas and any other areas affected by their work. CDSCC operates on 60Hz. CSIRO is not responsible for any damage to contractor equipment used on the site. Contractors must provide additional information and comply with other directions or requirements provided by the nominated CSIRO contact. Contractors not willing to comply with reasonable directions or found to be working unsafely, will be directed to leave the station.

All visitors, guests & contractors must be signed-in at the guard house by a staff

member before they are allowed to enter the site



5.12 CDSCC Site Resources

Due to the remoteness of the site, the station has a first aid centre that is under the control of the Shift Supervisor. Site emergency rescue equipment is also provided that allows for the effective rescue of people from height and from within confined spaces. CDSCC has a fully equipped light fire truck to respond to emergencies. The station is self sufficient in its water supply, drawing water from underground (bore-water). The water is filtered, sterilized and safe to drink. The station also has an aerobic sewage treatment plant. The sewage plant is continuously monitored to ensure the efficient bacterial breakdown of the waste. Treated effluent is pumped to a distributed underground drip irrigation system, used to irrigate the stations grounds and gardens. On no account should chemicals, industrial waste (oils and solvents) and non organic material be discharged into the sewer. Sanitary bins are provided in each female toilet. Storm water is discharged to Larry’s Creek via an intercept under an Environmental Agreement with the ACT Government. Environmental spills and contaminants are to be prevented from entering the storm water system (eg: gutters and drains). Liquid spill kits are provided on each antenna and at logistics. Report all spills and environmental hazards to the shift supervisor on x555.

5.13 Animals

CDSCC is located in a rural area and is surrounded by a local farming community. For this reason, injured and diseased wildlife may enter the premises from time to time. You should report injured wildlife to ACT Parks & Conservation on 62072127 or 132281. You may encounter other animals such as cows and sheep that may have strayed from surrounding paddocks onto the roads. Inform the guardhouse (Ext. 835) and the guards will contact the local farmer/s concerned.

CDSCC has its own self-contained water supply, on site sewage treatment plant

and a light fire truck.

Contact the EH&S Advisor if you suspect/observe injured or diseased wildlife.



6.1 Introduction to Risk Management In occupational health and safety (OHS) terms, risk management is the process of recognising situations that have the potential to cause harm to people or property, and doing something to prevent a harmful situation occurring or a person being harmed.

Risk management is a process of well defined steps that, when taken in sequence, allow you to make informed decisions about how best to avoid or control the impact of risks. Risk management involves:

• hazard identification identifying the problem

• risk assessment determining how serious the problem is

• risk elimination or control deciding what needs to be done to solve the problem

• reviewing risk assessments if, for instance, new information becomes available about the hazardous nature of a substance or process.

Employers and employees share a responsibility to manage risk. This responsibility extends to contractors where used and legislation places specific responsibilities and accountabilities on employers, employees, person(s) in control of a workplace and third parties.

CSIRO requires employees to complete a risk assessment for all work and any activity, before that work or activity is conducted. The level, type, form and content of risk assessment is beyond the scope of this document. However, the following section outlines the principles required of employees and contractors working at CDSCC.

6.2 What are Hazards? The Commonwealth Occupational Health and Safety ACT, 1991 defines a hazard as ‘anything (including work practices or procedures) that has the potential to harm the health or safety of a person’.

Hazard identification, risk assessment, and elimination or control offer the best opportunity for reducing workplace injury or illness. Hazards arise from:

• the work environment

• the use of machinery and substances

• poor work design

• Inappropriate systems and procedures.

SECTION 6. MANAGING SAFETY



Hazards can be classified into five broad areas:

• physical eg. noise, radiation, light, vibration

• chemical eg. poisons, dusts

• biological eg. viruses, plants, parasites

• mechanical/electrical eg. slips, trips and falls, tools, electrical equipment

• psychological eg. fatigue, violence, bullying.

Hazard management plans can be developed after hazards have been classified, eg. a physical hazard management plan.

It is important for workers to be aware of hazards. Your occupational health and safety committee may recommend hazard specific training.

6.3 Risk Assessment

To carry out a basic risk assessment, you follow these four steps: 1. Gather information. Gather information about each hazard that you identify. 2. Work out the likelihood. Consider how many people are likely to be exposed to each hazard and for how long. You will need to take into account those different situations/conditions that may exist in your workplace that could increase risk, such as a change to operations, inspection, cleaning, maintenance, servicing and repairs, new or inexperienced staff. 3. Assess the consequences. Use the information you have gathered to assess the potential consequences of each hazard, for example, people could:

• damage plant or systems or environment;

• minor damage to plant or systems or environment;

• damage to plant or systems or environment;

• die;

• suffer major injuries (with significant long term effects);

• suffer minor injuries (usually requiring several days off work); or

• suffer negligible injuries (maybe needing first aid). 4. Rate the risk. Use the Risk Rating Table to work out the risk associated with

each hazard.



6.4 Controlling Risks Having identified hazards and determined that people are at risk of injury or illness from them, there is a legal obligation for employers to do something about them. Take action to control the risks you have assessed, starting with those having the highest risk. In deciding what controls to put in place, begin by trying to remove the hazard completely. If that is not practical, work down through the options as explained below. Level 1: Eliminate the hazard For example, if a solvent (eg: hazardous substance) has been used to remove oil from parts coming out of a press, remove the oil and you will eliminate the need for solvents. Level 2: Minimise the risk of the hazard Examples and ways to do this may be:

• Substitution – use a non-flammable solvent in place of a flammable one.

• Modification – fit roll-over protection and seat belts to a tractor.

• Isolation – remove a noisy machine to a dedicated room.

• Engineering controls – install cut-out switches, screens and guards. Level 3: Ensure safe work practices and supply personal protective equipment if needed Examples and ways to do this may be to provide training on the hazard/risk, introduce tag out/lock out procedures, and provide personal protective equipment/clothing (PPE). PPE should always be the last option.

6.5 Regulated Work Environment It is illegal for an employee to work on a piece of plant that requires certification without holding a Certificate of Competency or an equivalent qualification which has been issued by Workcover/Comcare. This includes operation of specific plant or undertaking scheduled tasks and regulated work (fixed electrical, plumbing and gas systems). Contact the HSE Advisor if in doubt.

People must hold a relevant certificate of competency before operating certain

equipment and machinery or undertaking certain tasks.



6.6 Manual Handling Manual handling means using your own strength to lift, move or support objects rather than using machinery or equipment to bear the load. Some of the injuries that can result from poor manual handling include back injury, muscle sprains and strains, abdominal hernias and chronic pain. Many of these injuries are not felt straight away but develop over some time into more or less continuous pain. Remember, when lifting, lowering or carrying, pushing and pulling, attempt to move only what you can manage comfortably. Before lifting stop and think of the four-step rule (TILE):

� Task - is there a way to avoid handling the load in the first place; � Individual - can I lift this load by myself or do I need help; � Load - what am I lifting? Is the load even? Are there sharp edges? Is the load a

hazardous chemical; and � Equipment - Is there a trolley or forklift to lift the load? Am I wearing safety boots

and gloves? There are no minimum or maximum weights that may be applied to everyone, as we are all physically able to carry different amounts. A few simple rules for manual handling:

• Never bend down to lift - squat down to the object

• Always keep your back upright and straight - use your leg muscles to lift

• Do not lift objects that are out of comfortable reach

• Avoid reaching out to objects that cannot be handled close to your body

• Avoid twisting – turn your feet not your hips or shoulders

• Make sure carry paths are clear of all obstacles

Lifting is the single most common cause of manual handling related injuries. Think before moving an object.

Avoid lifting where possible.



6.7 Office Safety Detailed information regarding office ergonomics is available from the HSE Advisor. A properly adjusted workstation allows the body to sit comfortably and with the correct posture, e.g. your elbows will be level with the keyboard. You will also become familiar with how to prevent tired eyes (take a break from the monitor every 20 minutes), muscle ache, back pain, and Occupational Overuse Syndrome (sometimes called RSI), which may occur in your wrists, shoulders and neck.

6.8 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) When risks to health or safety cannot be controlled by other means your employer must provide appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to all employees and other persons exposed to the risk. PPE such as hand, eye and head protection should be appropriate for the job and must be correctly used. A number of Personal Protective Equipment items are available at CDSCC and you should consult with a team leader regarding the appropriate items for your use. These commonly include:

• sun-block cream, hats and sunglasses;

• safety shoes;

• safety eyewear;

• face masks;

• overalls;

• gloves – rubber, mesh, latex;

• steel capped footwear; and

• hearing protection. Remember some areas will require you to wear PPE at all times. Look for the signs before you enter work areas.

Build the workstation around the person.

Take breaks from a monitor every 20 minutes.

Seek training in using PPE

Be aware of the limitation of our PPE.



6.9 Safety Signs

Safety signs are not decoration. They have been erected to give specific information to protect your safety and health and should be obeyed. Safety signs of different colours and shapes mean different things.

Safety signs for the occupational environment can be classified into the following categories:

• Regulatory signs: signs containing instructions with which failure to comply constitutes either an offence at law, or a breach of standing orders, safety procedures or other directions, depending on which kind of control has been imposed at the work site or workplace. They are subdivided as follows:

(i) Prohibition signs: signs that indicate that an action or activity is not permitted.

(ii) Mandatory signs: signs that indicate that an instruction must be carried out.

(iii) Limitation or restriction signs: signs that place a numerical or other defined limit on an activity or use of a facility. The commonly used speed limit sign will often be encountered in the workplace.

• Hazard signs: signs advising of hazards. They are subdivided as follows:

(i) DANGER signs: signs warning of a particular hazard or hazardous condition that is likely to be life-threatening if the message is ignored.

(ii) Warning signs: signs warning of a hazard or hazardous condition that is not likely to be life-threatening if the message is ignored, but may include risk of serious injury or harm. The term caution replaces warning found on some older signs. The two terms are regarded as being interchangeable.

• Emergency information signs: signs indicating the location of, or directions to, emergency related facilities such as exits, safety equipment or first aid facilities.

• Fire signs: signs advising the location of fire alarms and fire-fighting facilities.

All of the above types of signage can be found at CDSCC.

All safety signs must be obeyed

Safety signs do not replace the need for proper accident prevention measures.



Some examples of safety signs at CDSCC are shown below:



6.10 Workers Compensation The Commonwealth Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1988, aims to provide timely, safe and durable return to work through effective injury management and income support to injured workers. It works in conjunction with occupational health and safety legislation that seeks to reduce the human and economic cost of work-related injury through improvements in the management of occupational health and safety in the workplace. Comcare is the government agency responsible for the administration of the Commonwealth. Inspectors are appointed under the Commonwealth Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1988, to ensure compliance with the legislation. They also investigate complaints, undertake investigations in relation to prosecutions and provide information on a range of workers compensation matters to the general public. 6.10.1 When is a Worker covered for Workers Compensation? Under Commonwealth, a worker is entitled to compensation for any personal injury, disease or aggravation that occurs:

• during the course of employment; or

• by any incident arising out of employment; or

• on a journey to or from work. 6.10.2 When is Workers Compensation Insurance Required? An employer is liable for any compensation payable to a worker suffering work-related injury or disease. Where an employer has a current workers compensation policy, the insurer indemnifies the employer for costs of the claim. 6.10.3 Early Intervention and Reporting The Commonwealth Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1988 places emphasis upon ‘early intervention’ to facilitate early and safe return to work for workers who have sustained a workplace injury. The process involves early notification of workplace injuries, by an employer to their insurer.



As an employer, you must:

• Keep a Register of Reported Injuries and which records every injury regardless of whether or not a claim is made.

• Notify your insurer within 48 hours after becoming aware that a worker has received a workplace injury.

• The notice may be given verbally, but must be confirmed in writing or electronically within 3 days.

• The insurer must take action within 3 business days after receiving the Injury Notice by contacting you, the injured worker and (if appropriate and practical) the nominated treating doctor.

• Provide ‘workers compensation claim forms’ on request from the injured worker. Lodge the completed claim form with your insurer within 7 days of receiving the form from the worker. The insurer has 28 days to either accept or reject the claim.

• Continue weekly payments to the injured worker from the date of the injury. The insurer will reimburse payments made if the employer has met their 48-hour notification obligation.

The Commonwealth Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1988 places obligations on both employer and employee with respect to any injury. This includes an obligation on the employee to notify the employer as soon as possible of an injury and includes verbal and written notification. If the injury results in a Personal Injury Plan [PIP] to assist in the injured workers return to work, the employee has an obligation to cooperate in the establishment of a personal injury plan for the worker and must comply with reasonable obligations imposed on the worker under the worker’s Personal Injury Plan, including any obligation to receive medical treatment or rehabilitation services. 6.10.4 Rehabilitation and Return to Work Workplace rehabilitation for injured workers is a requirement under the Commonwealth Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1988. Workplace rehabilitation helps injured workers achieve an early and safe return to the workplace. Develop a Return to Work Program in consultation with your workers, an approved rehabilitation provider, and any industrial union representing the workers. Display the program and a copy of the Information Summary to the workers. Take all reasonable steps to provide suitable duties to a worker returning from a work related injury.



Hazard is a potential source of harm to life, health, environment or property. The existence of hazard implies the existence of a threat, but where the hazard can be contained or exposure in unlikely, it can exist with minimal risk. There are numerous occupation specific hazards that every person has to consider.

7.1 Fatigue Management

Fatigue can occur through extended physical work, extended work hours and shiftwork. Environmental influences can also induce fatigue such as night work, exposure to elements (heat & cold) and work location, for example height, low lighting. Individual physical fitness also contributes to fatigue.

The effects of fatigue include lethargy, sore eyes, sleepiness, yawning, sore muscles etc.

Supervisors must be mindful of fatigue in planning work and employees must plan regular breaks or notify their team leader if they suspect fatigue in themselves or others.

7.2 Hazardous Substances

Hazardous substances are dangerous. How dangerous depends on the type of substance, what it is made of, the way it enters the body, and the amount of substance that enters the body. Your workplace may use a lot of different hazardous substances. Some may be things you see every day such as paint, glue, cleaning liquid and powders.

Harm to health may occur suddenly, such as dizziness, nausea and itchy eyes or skin; or it may occur gradually over years, such as dermatitis or cancer. Some people can be more susceptible than others.

We use hazardous substances almost every day of our lives. It may be antiseptic for a cut, paint for the walls, or a cleaning product for the bathroom or toilet. They may seem harmless, but even these ordinary things can make you very sick if they are used incorrectly.

SECTION 7. SPECIAL HAZARDS

A hazardous substance can be any substance, whether solid, liquid or gas, that

may cause harm to you.



7.3 Chemical Hazards A “Material Safety Data Sheet” (MSDS) provides detailed information on chemical hazardous substances. It gives more details than a label. MSDSs are provided by the manufacturers and suppliers of hazardous substances. Information provided covers chemical composition, potential hazards, effects on health, correct handling procedures, and first aid in case of accident. They come in reasonably easy to read format and are provided free by the manufacturers of the chemical.

It is important that hazardous substances in workplaces are used according to:

• the manufacturers or supplier's written instructions, (the MSDS) and

• agreed safe work procedures Remember:

• follow safe work procedures

• always correctly wear the appropriate safety equipment provided by your employer;

• wash your hands and face and other exposed areas with soap and water before going to the toilet or eating and drinking;

• observe and watch others in your work environment.

• a near miss is an accident that didn't happen. These are required to be reported, and read the MSDS.

7.4 Noise

A good indicator of a possible workplace noise problem is if you have to raise your voice to be heard when you are talking to someone about one metre away.

It is the responsibility of your employer to provide a safe work environment, and if required, the correct personal hearing protectors. Personal hearing protectors (earmuffs and earplugs) should be used as a temporary measure or as a last resort.

People do not become "familiar" to a noise. It only seems that way because of hearing loss.

Loss of hearing ability is irreversible and may take years to develop. Employers must identify if there are risks to employees, visitors and the public and must address whether the exposure standard for noise is likely to be exceeded.

If you need more information on what you are using,

ask your supervisor or HSE Advisor for an MSDS.

Lost hearing is gone forever.



7.5 Height Safety

Elevated work is by its very nature hazardous. Everyone at a worksite can be at risk, whether they be a worker, a visitor to the site or a team leader. Any work or activity that takes place more than 1.8m from the ground or platform and within 2.0m of an unprotected edge must be subject to a work at height risk assessment and control plan. Generally, fall protection must be provided for anyone who could fall 1.8 metres or more. However, if the type of work makes it difficult for a worker to be fully aware of the location of the platform edge (for example, welding, Oxy acetylene cutting and other work involving restricted vision) fall protection should be provided regardless of height. Work and access platforms on antenna generally comply with AS 1657 and therefore are not subject to or require a work at height risk assessment. However, this does not preclude reasonable cautions when working in these areas or when transitioning to other areas (eg: harness sign posted areas). Due to the design and operational reasons, antenna disk edges are NOT marked or signposted. Do not approach within 2m of any antenna edge without fall protection. Height safety harnesses include fall restraints, fall protection and confined space the highest level. All harnesses issued at CDSCC are confined space rated. Work at height also includes those ladders >1.8m that do not include a specific work platform in their design. At CDSCC, work at height also includes work in tanks, pits or below ground, work on antenna not readily accessible (eg: above elevation bearing level), building roofs and towers.

7.6 Asbestos

The inhalation of asbestos fibre is a known health risk. A number of CDSCC buildings and equipment contain asbestos fibre product including building eaves asbestos cement sheeting, electrical switchboard components including backing boards and buried communication conduits. A complete list of buildings, systems and locations known to contain asbestos is in the CDSCC - Asbestos Management Plan. Work on buildings, systems or components containing asbestos must comply with the asbestos management plan. Material suspected or known to contain asbestos fibre is not to be disturbed; sealed against the release of fibre [eg: wrapped in plastic and taped]; and HSE Advisor advised who will arrange for testing if required and preparation of a management plan.

Never work at heights next to an exposed edge without some form of fall

protection.



7.7 Energised systems & other work Your work at CDSCC may require accessing, commissioning, working on, isolating or decommissioning energised systems. Energised systems include any system, component or stored energy source capable of personal or environmental harm and include:

• Electrical work

• Hydraulic pressure systems

• Compressed gas systems,

• Cryogenic liquids and gases

• Counter, balance and elevated weights

• Mechanical systems under load, compression or tension. CSIRO does not expect or require any person to work on an energised system. Persons or team leads completing the task risk assessment will identify each energy source(s) and nominate how each energy source will be eliminated, isolated or controlled.

7.7.1 Buried Services

Any person intending to dig, excavate or disturb the ground, building floor or foundation must contact the Facility Team Leader (x917) before work commences to confirm the location of buried services. This also includes drilling through walls, ceilings and suspended floors.

7.7.2 Portable Electrical Appliance Test & Tag

CDSCC has a portable electrical appliance test and tag program. All company provided equipment is subject to an inspection and test program according to AS/NZS 3760. [Refer to Safety Procedure 18] You are responsible for submitting any personal electrical and electronic equipment that is ‘plugged in’ to the Electrical Team Leader for inspection, testing and tagging before use at CDSCC. Users and operators of portable electrical equipment are responsible for ensuring the physical condition and suitability of electrical equipment before use. Damaged equipment or equipment out of test date must be returned to the Team Leader Electrical or Electrical Section for inspection, repair, disposal [excessing] or direction to remove from site. Contractors shall arrange for the inspection, test and tagging of their own equipment. The company may request untagged equipment be removed from site.

All portable equipment is subject to electrical appliance tagging & testing.



7.8 Radiation 7.8.1 Types of Radiation Radiation is a form of energy transmitted either as electromagnetic waves or as particulate matter. Radiations are classified into two categories based on the effects that they produce when they pass through matter: A. Ionising Radiations

• have enough energy to ionize, that is remove electrons from the atoms of, the matter through which they pass,

• they may be either electromagnetic (gamma and X-rays) or particulate (alpha and beta-particles) in nature, and

• they have the potential to cause serious health effects, including cancer, if misused.

B. Non-ionising Radiations

• these do not have enough energy to cause ionisation in the matter through which they pass,

• they are electromagnetic (e.g. ultra-violet radiation, microwaves, radio waves, etc.) in nature, and

• they generally have less potential to cause serious health effects than ionising radiations; their health effects are mainly due to internal body heating and induced electric currents.

The Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) regulate the use of radiation in Australia, either directly or through various state regulatory agencies. A number of mandatory and voluntary Standards, guidelines and codes of practice exist for the safe use of radiation generating sources and materials.

No employee can work in a radiation environment unless they have completed specific radiation safety induction training.



7.8.2 Sources of radiation at CDSCC

CDSCC possess many sources of radiation that emit or have the potential to emit harmful ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. Access to these sources of radiation or locations where the potential exists for exposure is controlled via various physical and administrative methods.

The types of radiation which maybe present at CDSCC include:

A. X-Ray Radiation

X-Ray Radiation is a highly penetrating type of ionizing radiation which can cause harmful effects on human tissue. X-rays like other forms of ionizing radiation cannot be felt, seen, or sensed in any way by the human body. In close proximity to x-ray sources, the radiation can cause both short term and long term effects which may take some time to become apparent. At CDSCC x-rays are produced by the operation of high power transmitter equipment, and as such require the device to be operating to generate radiation. The high power transmitter equipment is contained in shielded cabinets to prevent exposure to personnel. Access to transmitter cabinets is strictly controlled with access to such cabinets being restricted to trained and authorized staff.

B. Radio Frequency Radiation RF radiation can interfere with human tissue in a number of ways:

• thermal absorption of RF energy resulting in an increase of temperature in biological tissue

• Non thermal or athermal interaction at lower frequencies resulting in excitation of nerve or muscle cells

• Electric shock and burns, at low frequencies electrical charges can result in electric shock or burns

C. Ultra Violet Radiation Ultraviolet (U/V) radiation can cause a number of hazards, the most grave being the induction of skin cancer. Exposure is most likely to occur from the sun, and it is well known that there is a link between sunlight and skin cancer. In fact, the permissible weekly levels of occupational exposure to UV are exceeded in a few hours of exposure to the summer sun! Sources of UV Radiation include:

• Sunlight

• High pressure discharge lamps

• Low pressure gas discharge lamps

• Germicidal lamps

• Xenon or mercury arcs

• Carbon arcs

• Plasma torches

• Electric welding arcs.



Adequate protection such as hat, long sleeve shirt, trousers, enclosed footwear, sunglasses and sun block should be used to minimise risk to UV radiation. Sun block is provided in each washroom and is available from logistics. D. Laser Radiation

Hazards from lasers are normally restricted to eye damage and skin burn, with incidental hazards including fire, electrical and chemical risks. Different parts of the eye can be affected by different lasers, with the risk of injury increasing dramatically with power and length of exposure. Many forms of laser radiation are outside the visible light spectrum, and present a greater hazard to the eyes. Most laser systems used at CDSCC are fully enclosed with access points contained within restricted access cabinets. Other low power devices in use at CDSCC which contain lasers or laser sources are labeled and regularly inspected.

7.8.3 Management of Radiation Safety at CDSCC.

The management of radiation safety at CDSCC is within the Commonwealth jurisdiction and regulated by ARPANSA. CSIRO holds ultimate responsibility for radiation safety at CDSCC, with most sources of radiation licensed with ARPANSA. The CDSCC Radiation Safety Committee and site Radiation Safety Officer is responsible for ensuring the following are complied with at CDSCC:

• CSIRO policies and procedures

• ARPANSA Commonwealth 1998 and Regulations 1999

• All relevant Australian standards and codes of practice

The ARPANSA Commonwealth 1998 and Regulations 1999 prescribe the requirements for using radiation sources and managing radiation safety at CSIRO. In compliance with the requirements for holding an ARPANSA Licence, CDSCC has many policies, plans, guidelines, and procedures for the safe management of radiation safety.

This system of radiological protection required by legislation is based on the application of three general principles to which CDSCC activities with radiation shall adhere:

• Justification. No radiological practice should be adopted unless it is assessed to produce a net benefit to the society,

• Optimization of protection. In relation to a particular radiation source, the magnitude of the individual exposure and the number of people exposed should be kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA),

• Exposure standards and dose limits. Any exposure to radiation must comply with exposure guidelines set by the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Commonwealth 1998.

NO LASER POINTER OPERATING ABOVE 1mW (CLASS 2) IS PERMITTED TO BE USED AT CDSCC. All laser devices including laser pointers must be inspected

and approved by the site laser safety officer



7.8.4 Staff, contractors and visitors responsibilities CDSCC policy prohibits the transport of radioactive material or sources within or onto CDSCC property, and restricts the introduction of new sources of radiation without prior written approval. Where the use of radioactive material or sources is proposed, consultation and approval by the CDSCC Radiation Safety Committee is required before its use can be considered. Any person installing, operating or maintaining equipment containing ‘controlled apparatus’ as defined in the ARPANSA Commonwealth shall comply with all relevant policies, guidelines and procedures. Similarly, any person entering a radiation restricted or controlled access area shall abide by all relevant access requirements including the use of PPE. Access to CDSCC by any staff member, contractor or visitor is subject to the following conditions:

1. No person shall introduce or transport any radioactive material or source without the written permission of the site Radiation Safety Officers (RSOs) and the Director, CDSCC.

2. No person shall introduce any radiation generating device without first consulting

with and obtaining the approval of the site Radiation Safety Officers.

3. No person shall operate any RF generating device unless supplied by CDSCC, and/or approved by the Site Radiation Safety Officers. (This includes two-way radios, laptop computers, PDA’s, and mobile telephones)

4. No person shall enter or attempt to enter a radiation restricted or controlled

access area without written authorization and following all relevant access requirements and procedures.

Failure to abide by these rules may lead to any or all of the following:

• Having the offending material or item seized,

• The person escorted off CDSCC property,

• Disciplinary action (or in the case of CDSCC staff), and/or

• The person or activity reported to relevant Commonwealth Authorities.



8.1 Finding HSE Information at CDSCC

All relevant information regarding CDSCC EH&S policies and procedures are located on the intranet. To access these documents, follow these steps: 1. From the CDSCC intranet home page, click on “Standard Procedures” 2. Select ”Safety/Emergency” 3. Click on the relevant document.

8.2 Useful Websites

• Comcare. URL available at: http://www.comcare.gov.au

• National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (NOHSC). URL available at:http://www.nohsc.gov.au

Other sites include the Ergonomics Society (http://www.ergonomics.org.au), the Safety Institute of Australia (http://www.sia.org.au/), the National Safety Council of Australia http://www.safetynews.com/nsca/nsca.html and the Australian Institute of Occupational Hygiene (http://www.aioh.org.au).

SECTION 8. RELATED EH&S RESOURCES



Q1. What does “hierarchy of control” mean? Q2. Name three (3) examples of hierarchy of controls used at CDSCC? Q3. Define what is meant by the term “workplace hazard”? Q4. Name three (3) restricted work areas at CDSCC? Q5. Give three (3) examples of confined workspaces you will encounter at CDSCC? Q6. What is the function of a health and safety committee in the workplace? Q7. What are a worker’s main responsibilities under the OHS Commonwealth? Q8. What is the procedure for reporting health and safety issues at CDSCC? Q9. Where is the designated emergency assembly area at CDSCC? Q10. Match the flammable material to the class of fire it gives rise to:

Wood Class ___

Generators Class ___

Petrol Class ___

Paint Class ___

Paper Class ___

Q11. Where are first aid facilities and services located at CDSCC? Q12. What’s the name of the principal Occupational Health and Safety Commonwealth

in your State/Territory? Q13. What are the three (3) safety consultative groups that exist at CDSCC? Q14. What type of fire extinguisher may be used on the most classes of fire? Q15. What does a danger tag attached to machinery denote? Q16. What is the purpose of a MSDS? Q17. Name four (4) simple rules for manual handling? Q18. What number do you call if you observe an actual emergency? Q19. What is the purpose of worker compensation?

Q20. Who provides advice and information on OHS legislations and regulations?

SECTION 9. REVISION QUESTIONS



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