Occupational Road Safety

A South African Utility Experience

Jace Naidoo

Content

•Introduction to Eskom

•The state of road safety in South Africa

•Road Safety in Eskom

•Taking up the challenge

–Case study on Coal Transport

Introduction

• A utility which generates over 90% of South Africa’s electricity

• Transmission and significant portion of Distribution.

• Network of approximately 350 000km of power lines

• Generation capacity of over 42 000 MW and increasing

• 100% State owned entity which also owns various electricity support companies which include engineering maintenance, civil construction, and heavy duty road transport including managing the transport of coal to the fleet of coal power stations around the country.

General Features

• Nominal capacity – 42 011 MW

• Power lines (all voltages) – 347 204 km

• Coal burnt – 140 Mt (approximately 56Mt transported by road)

• Employees > 33 000

• Customers – 3 603 943

Electricity value chain

Plant Mix

TYPE NUMBER NET MAX CAPACITY

Coal fired 13 stations 32 066 MW

Gas turbine 2 stations 342 MW

Hydroelectric 6 stations 600 MW

Pumped storage 2 stations 1 400 MW

Nuclear 1 station 1 800 MW

TOTAL 24 STATIONS 36 208 MW

International Comparisons

Company    Sales RatingCountry   TWh by sales

RAO-UES Russia 636 1EDF France 473 2E.On. Germany 404 3

KEPCO South Korea 294 4TEPCO Japan 281 5RWE Energie AG Germany 230 6Eskom South Africa 206 7Vattenfall Sweden 186 8Eletrobras Brazil 178 9Hydro Quebec Canada 169 10Taiwan Power (TaiPower) Taiwan 159 11Enel Italy 156 12TVA USA 155 13Kansai Electric Power Co. Japan 142 14Electrabel Belgium 137 15Endesa Spain 134 16Chubu Japan 123 17AEP USA 118 18AES USA 108 19FPL USA 103 20

International Comparisons

 

Generation capacityMW

Rating by capacityCompany Country

RAO-UES Russia 156 600 1 

EDF France 122 600 2 

Tepco Electric Power Co Japan 62 660 3 

E.On Germany 54 000 4 

KEPCO Korea 50 432 5 

Enel Italy 47 000 6 

AES USA 46 000 7 

RWE Energie AG Germany 45 000 8 

Endea Spain 43 000 9 

Eletrobas Brazil 40 854 10 

Eskom South Africa 39 810 11 

Southern USA 39 000 12 

Duke USA 38 748 13 

Exelon USA 38 000 14 

AEP USA 36 000 15 

Kansai Electric Japan 35 434 16 

Hydro Quebec Canada 34 000 17 

Taiwan Power (TaiPower) Taiwan 33 290 18 

TVA USA 33 189 19 

Vattenfall Sweden 33 000 20  

 

Source: Data Monitor UK 2004 figures

Eskom Power Stations

SAPP Grid Expansion

Society: South African road safety data?

South African road fatalities

SA road fatalities by distance

South African data?• Data limited, but half a million road accidents per annum:

– 10,000 deaths (iafrica), or could be 15,000 (Medical Research Council, 2003)

– About a quarter of all non-natural deaths in SA

– 150,000 injuries

– 3rd worst stats in Africa

– Legal BAC of .05 exceeded in 46.5% of SA road fatalities (National Dept for Transport, 2003)

– Seatbelt compliance – 40% (50% front, 10% rear) (AA)

– Speed, fatigue and rule compliance are also major factors

• 6.9 million vehicles, more than half are cars, owned by 10% of 45 million population

– 26.5 (20.9) deaths per 100,000 population – UK = 6

• Road accidents cost the South African economy an estimated R581bn ($78bn) between 1996 and 2006, according to a report by the country's Department of Transport.

South Africa Roads

• South Africa's total road network is about 754 000 kilometres, 9 600km of which are surfaced national roads. The drive from Musina on South Africa's northern border to Cape Town in the south is a 2 000km journey on well-maintained roads.

• Around 2 400km of the roads in the country are toll roads.

• While the Department of Transport is responsible for overall policy, road-building and maintenance is the responsibility of the South African National Roads Agency as well as the nine provinces and local governments.

• Extensive national legislation and agencies for managing road traffic exists in South Africa

Road Safety – Whose Problem?

Road Safety facts Eskom

Road Risk – some facts

•Vehicles in business (all categories) more than 10 000

•Distances driven annually aprox 250m Km

•Approximate number of annual accidents (excl. contractors) 10 000

•Approximate annual costs (excl medical care and benefits) >R132m

People at Risk

•Eskom employees in their day to day duties

•Transportation of employees and contractors to various workplaces

•Contractors transporting materials and supplies

•Construction vehicles

Vehicle fatalities

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Number of Fatalities

'2003/4 '2004/5 '2005/6 '2006/7 '2007/8

Financial Year

Contractors

Employees

Construction vehicle Accidents - sample

Construction Vehicle AccidentsBreakdown of Causes

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Managing the Risk

•Clear Policy

–Employers responsibility

•Clear safety specifications for all types vehicles:

–Air bags, ABS brakes, safety belts, etc

•Discipline

–Cardinal rules

–Substance abuse

–Seat belts

Eskom – policy requirements

• Driver:– Risk assessment for each driver

– Awareness programmes

– Certified as medically fit

– Provide driver training

– A valid national driver's licence as well as an eskom driver permit

– Drivers and passengers wear seatbelts

• Vehicles:– Complies with the eskom vehicle safety specifications

– Ensure that all vehicles are maintained in A roadworthy condition;

– Install Vehicle monitoring device

– Not allowed to be transported in the back of open vehicles.

– No person may be transported in the back of closed vehicles unless provided with proper seating and safety belts.

• Investigate all work-related incidents and take appropriate action

Transporting Coal

An emerging risk

Changing environment

• Historically power stations close to mines

• Coal transported by conveyors

• Limited road transport – done by mines– Risk managed by mines

• Excess generation capacity in the country

• Last few years rapid growth in country and world– Electricity demand

– Coal demand globally

• Decisions on restructuring industry led to delays in deciding on new generation capacity

• Greater demand on existing stations

Impact of the growth

•Capacity of mines

•Need to increase road transport

•Eskom contracts road transport companies–Limited experienced drivers available

•Limited investment on road infrastructure in the country

•Transport of coal – negative impact on roads

Managing the risk - The Approach

1. Reduce number of coal trucks on the road

2. Actions to restore safety culture with current trucks

• Increased accidents on roads (year to date: at least 24 fatalities and 200 recorded accidents related to coal trucks**)

• Increased risk to the security of supply due to deteriorating road conditions (50% reduction in road deliveries in 18-24 months*** will result in load losses of up to ~10% of installed capacity)

• Increased accidents on roads (year to date: at least 24 fatalities and 200 recorded accidents related to coal trucks**)

• Increased risk to the security of supply due to deteriorating road conditions (50% reduction in road deliveries in 18-24 months*** will result in load losses of up to ~10% of installed capacity)

*Financial year ending Mar ’08**Current data only available for FOT coal deliveries, which is ~30% of total coal deliveries***Rotran estimate based on reported tonnages on road until May 2008 and current road conditionsSource:Coal Logistics team; Eskom Primary Energy rainbow sheets; Long-term coal strategy; Rotran

• Increased current coal transport by road because of– Increased burn at power

stations– Reduced supply from tied

collieries– Need to replenish

stockpiles (+20 day level)– Limited current rail

transport of coal (only ~4.4 Mtpa to Majuba)

• 40% of the forecasted coal delivered to Eskom in the next 12 month will be by road; an increase from 22% in the previous year

Current situation

Coal transported by roadMtpa

Based on Eskom’s current forecast of short term coal purchases

Planned short-term buyingEmergency short-term buying

30.9 30.3

28.0

07/08*

25.2

56.1

08/09

26.9

57.2

09/10

CURRENT SITUATION

•Over the next 12 months, ~150 000 tons (5100 truck-loads) of coal will be transported daily, using ~ 1300 km of roads

•Every day, these trucks go the equivalent of one truck travelling 15 trips around the world

•Total fuel consumed for these trucks is approximately 200 million litres (>2% of SA diesel consumption)

•Total of ~3100 trucks used to transport coal is unprecedented in SA; equivalent to 10% of Federal Express’s total fleet in USA

THE CURRENT SCALE OF COAL ROAD TRANSPORT IS UNPRECEDENTED

30

PROJECTS TO REDUCE TRUCKS ON ROAD

•Truck Optimisation

•Destoning

•Rail options

•Conveyors

•Road Construction

•Mine Options

PROJECTED IMPACT OF COAL TRUCK REDUCTION PROJECTS

*Assuming 30 ton trucks loads, 365 days per year; cumulative effects approximated Source:Coal Logistics team

550

820

5 100

Current totalfor all powerstations

Potential short-term reductions

4 280

2009/2010

1 480

Potential mid-term reductions

2 800

2011-2013

2 250

Implementing long-term strategy

2018 onwards

Estimated daily coal truck deliveries to power stations*

• rail optimisation could remove 420 daily truck-loads

• Supplying open cast colliery will remove 135 truck-loads

• Optimising the current trucking system to maximise the legal payload per truck and minimise empty km’s, could remove ~300 truck-loads from the roads

• rail optimisation could remove 420 daily truck-loads

• Supplying open cast colliery will remove 135 truck-loads

• Optimising the current trucking system to maximise the legal payload per truck and minimise empty km’s, could remove ~300 truck-loads from the roads

• The new Ermelo-Majuba rail link could remove the remaining truck delivery to (~450 truck-loads)

• Rail transportation of coal to xxx could remove another 270

• De-stoning coal before transporting it by truck could remove 130 daily truck-loads

• Between 500 and 800 truck-loads per day to XXX could be removed by a long-distance conveyor or rail

• The new Ermelo-Majuba rail link could remove the remaining truck delivery to (~450 truck-loads)

• Rail transportation of coal to xxx could remove another 270

• De-stoning coal before transporting it by truck could remove 130 daily truck-loads

• Between 500 and 800 truck-loads per day to XXX could be removed by a long-distance conveyor or rail

• Implementing Eskom‘s long term strategy will result in new conveyor and rail links, minimising road transport (e.g. it includes linking Waterberg coal fields by rail)

• After stockpiles are replenished, emergency buying will probably cease, significantly reducing remaining coal truck-loads

• Implementing Eskom‘s long term strategy will result in new conveyor and rail links, minimising road transport (e.g. it includes linking Waterberg coal fields by rail)

• After stockpiles are replenished, emergency buying will probably cease, significantly reducing remaining coal truck-loads

In addition to these actions, the current roads need to be repaired, upgraded

and maintained for the remaining truck traffic

Impact on people

Reported incidents

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Overtaking Overturn Fol Distance Driver error Mechanical

April

May

JunJul

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Fatalities – Coal transport

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35

Fatalities

2007/8

2008/9

Monitoring

Faults found in one month

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

LightsTyres

ChevronTarpaulin

RoadworthyLicence

SeatbeltPPE

PassangersIllegal stopping

Route deviation

PROPOSED ACTIONS TO RESTORE SAFETY CULTURE

Main problems identified• Safety belts

• Speeding

• Drink & drive

• Driver fatigue

• Overtaking

• Following distance

• Overloading

• Truck & Trailer conditions

• Unauthorized routes

• Unauthorized passengers

Lack of safety culture

SAFETY PLAN

• Implement cardinal rules

• Central control

• Contractor control

• Standards and sharing (Including training & briefings)

• Monitoring & law enforcement

• Improve road conditions

• RTMS implementation

Cardinal Rules

•No speeding

•No overtaking

•Buckle up

•Sober up

•No overloading

•Vehicle fit for purpose

Central Control Centre• Safety needs to start at planning and contracting phase

• Central authority to ensure standardised approach AND control processes

• Starting point is standardised safety pack and contractors packs, linked with verification before start

• Mines & power stations support and commitment to implement

• Set base standard and continuous briefing process to implement and sustain safety awareness

• Central point to authorise start of work as well as control work

CONTRACTOR CONTROL

•Pre screening and compliance

•Stop sub contracting on sub contracting

•Contractor packs and contractor training, before driver inductions

•Payment processes to drivers – must support safety and not just profit

•Incentives and penalities

STANDARDS, TRAINING & SHARING

•Apply same standards from start on all transporters, Including mines

•Centralised induction and training program

•Look at means to discontinue night time driving

Increased Monitoring• Need constant checking and law enforcement

• Historically little action by Eskom and mines – Must change Eskom approach

• “Bobby on the beat” approach to support standards, training and control centre (Specific dedicated coal road blocks on a continuous basis

• Strategic partnership with Provincial Law Enforcement (Sponsor traffic officers to work in coal)

• Use of electronic technology (RFID and Orchid tracking)

Road Conditions

•Invest in improving roads

•Engage with national treasury for funding

•Partnership with provincial governments

Consists of three sets of standards:

•Haulier Standards ARP 0067-1:2007

•Consignee Standards ARP 006-3:2007

•Consignor Standards ARP 067-2:2007

Implementation of the RTMS Standards can be broken into:

•Overload control ( rules 1-3)

•Safety and related elements ( rules 4 -10 )

Overloading related requirements

Rule 1: maintain an inventory of nominated vehicles and their legal carrying

capacities

Rule 2/3: assess the vehicle mass before each laden trip

Safety related requirements

Rule 4: maintain vehicles in a roadworthy

condition

Rule 5: ensure vehicle and load safety

Rule 6: manage driver wellness

Rule 7: provide training and education

Rule 8: assign tasks and responsibilities

Rule 9: keep records and documentation

Rule 10: perform an internal review (self-audit)

RTMS Standards for Hauliers

Recommendations to improve safety culture

• Establish a Safety Steercom for road transport of coal, inclusive of the mines, transporters and Government

• Establish a central control centre for all Eskom road transport of coal, responsible for standardisation, central authority and data management

• Continue with the implementation of RTMS as well as the Loading pilot project

• Increase the monitors to report and monitor coal trucks

• Conclude a partnership agreement with Provincial Government regarding law enforcement provision of traffic officers

• Extend the Tracking systems to all vehicles and in the Safety Steercom investigate the roll out to all transporters

Conclusion

•Eskom is a major player in the SA economy

•As a major road user – individuals, passengers and transport - as an impact on injuries and economic costs

•Managing the risks contributes to the overall impact of improving the safety culture on SA roads

•Create partnerships with government, other companies