occurrence and health effects of arsenic in china€¦ · occurrence and health effects of arsenic...

26
Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, Y. 1,2 , D.-J. Sun 3 , G.-F. Sun 4 , G.-Q. Yu 3 , S-X. Wang 5 , A.-H. Zhang 6 , D. An 7 , D.-S. Li 7 and O. Odediran 8 1 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA 2 Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA 3 The Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R.China. 4 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China 5 Shanxi Institute for Prevention and Treatment of Endemic Disease, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China 6 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guiyang Medical University, Guizhou, 550004, PR China 7 Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 73 Bageyan Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China 8 UNICEF, Water and Environment, New York, USA UNICEF supported publication of the mini-monograph

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Page 1: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China

EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662

Zheng, Y. 1,2, D.-J. Sun3, G.-F. Sun4, G.-Q. Yu3, S-X. Wang5, A.-H. Zhang6, D. An7, D.-S. Li7 and O. Odediran8

1Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA

2Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA3The Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control

and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R.China.

4Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China

5 Shanxi Institute for Prevention and Treatment of Endemic Disease, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China

6Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guiyang Medical University, Guizhou, 550004, PR China

7Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 73 Bageyan Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China

8UNICEF, Water and Environment, New York, USA UNICEF supported publication of the mini-monograph

Page 2: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

Yu et al., 2007, EHP 115:636-

642

#provinces #wells #wells>50 ug/L % wells>50 ug/L 16 445,638 21,155 5#provinces population population>50 ug/L %arsenicosis16 21,044,733 587,696 7.5 (10096/135492)

Page 3: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

Yu et al., 2007, EHP 115:636-

642

Page 4: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

Yu et al., 2007, EHP 115:636-642

Page 5: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

190 ug/L As142 ug/L As8.3 mg/L F

2 ug/L As0.5 mg/L F

Page 6: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

SM

I

Page 7: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)
Page 8: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)
Page 9: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

As in groundwater7950 g/l

MobilizableAs in sediment

1 mg/kg

DissolveDesorb

groundwater25% volume

Solid75% volume

Reducing ConditionsNumerous studies includingZheng et al. Appl. Geochem (2004)

Does 1 mg/kg mobilizable As reflect crustal level of As?

Crustal Level of As is sufficient to increase groundwater As to > 10 g/L

Page 10: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

0 50 100Grain Size (%)

%clay

%silt+clay

1.E-08 1.E-06 1.E-04Hydr. Cond. (cm/s)

K (cm/s)

0 400 800[As(aq)tot] (g/L)

HR ICP-MS

GFAAS

0.0 0.5 1.0Fe(II)/Fesed

Core 03

Fresh

0 5 10 15Sed P-ext & Bulk As(mg/kg)

P-extr AsBulk AsField P-extr As

14 kyr

47 kyrpeat

Dep

th (m

)

0

30

60

90

PDA

Dari

Mobilizable As in Bangladesh Aquifers:Holocene vs. Deep Pleistocene

Zheng et al. GCA, 2005, 69:5203-5218

Page 11: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

As & Au in Carlin Type of Au Ore

Hu et al., Mineral. Dep. (2002)

Page 12: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

Zheng, Quartnary Sciences, 2007.27(1):1-15

Zhou et al., Min. Dep. (2002)

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Page 14: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

Distribution of documented problems with > 100 g/L As in groundwater in major aquifers (red ). Green dots indicate As from geothermal source. Areas in blue are lakes (adopted from Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002). Lines indicate locations of ophiolite (may contain serpentinites) at convergent plate margins: hot pink < 200 Ma BP (Himalaya); dark purple solid: 200 Ma BP – 540 Ma BP (New England); and dotted > 540 Ma BP (After map 4, Dann, 1988).

Himalaya~ 40 Ma

Appalachian~ 450 Ma

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Page 16: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

Summary

• Enrichment of As in obducted ophiolitic complexes (e.g. ultramafic rocks) has been attributed to As-rich marine sediments.

• More research is needed to ascertain whether the heterogeneity of As in the crust implies:1) sedimentary aquifer down gradient from As-enriched source rock is more prone to develop groundwater As problem2) heterogeneity of groundwater As in bedrock aquifers is directly related to As distribution in rocks

Page 17: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

The Heterogeneity of Arsenic in the Crust: A Linkage to Occurrence in

Groundwater?

Yan Zheng School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of

New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Rt. 9W, Palisades,

NY 10964, USA.

•The Earth Institute of Columbia University•GSUC of City University of New York•Dhaka University

Acknowledgement: •NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Program•NSF EAR Hydrolgical Science Program•UNICEF-Beijing

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[

0 2 4 6 8 Kilometers

23°45'14"23°45'14"

23°46'13"23°46'13"

23°47'12"23°47'12"

23°48'11"23°48'11"

90°34'25"

90°34'25"

90°35'24"

90°35'24"

90°36'23"

90°36'23"

90°37'22"

90°37'22"

90°38'21"

90°38'21"

90°39'20"

90°39'20"

Zheng et al. GCA, 2005, 69:5203-5218

DhakaBay

Stream

Dari

Mobilizable As in Bangladesh Aquifers:Groundwater As in Araihazar

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0 50 100Grain Size (%)

%clay

%silt+clay

1.E-08 1.E-06 1.E-04Hydr. Cond. (cm/s)

K (cm/s)

0

30

60

90

0 400 800[As(aq)tot] (g/L)

HR ICP-MS

GFAAS

0.0 0.5 1.0Fe(II)/Fesed

Core 03

Fresh

0 5 10 15Sed P-ext & Bulk As(mg/kg)

P-extr AsBulk AsField P-extr As

20

Dep

th (m

)

16.2 kyr

4.6 kyr

17.4 kyr

peat

HD

A

Bay

Zheng et al. GCA, 2005, 69:5203-5218

Mobilizable As in Bangladesh Aquifers:Holocene vs. Deep Holocene

Anaerobic P-ext As method:Jung & Zheng, Wat. Res., 2006, 40:2168

Page 20: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

Mobilizable As in Bangladesh Aquifers:1-2 mg/kg vs. 0.1-0.2 mg/kg

Table 3. Arsenic content of aquifer sediments from Bangladesh

Sample Description Stratigraphy Avg. groundwater As1 Avg bulk sed As Avg sed ext-As2 Refg/l mg/kg mg/kg

Aquifers with low groundwater AsNayanganj, Araihazar, Dari deeper Dupi Tila <1 2.3±2.2 (n=11) 0.2±0.3 (n=12) this studyNayanganj, Araihazar, Bay deeper older Holocene 10 1.2±0.9 (n=5) 0.1±0.1 (n=5) this studyMunshiganj, deep3 Dupi Tila 4 ~ 1 (n=3) <0.1 (n=3) SwartzWest Bilat Haripur Holocene? <5 0.17 (n=7) BGS,01Dhaka Dupi Tila <5 0.17 (n=3) BGS,01Thakurgaon Holocene alluvial fan <5 0.15 (n=2) BGS,01Khitta Dupi Tila <5 0.13 (n=8) BGS,01Purba Fargilpur Dupi Tila <5 0.06 (n=7) BGS,01

Aquifers with elevated groundwater AsNayanganj, Araihazar, Dari shallow Holocene 135 5.8±4.2 (n=9) 1.7±1.2 (n=9) this studyNayanganj, Araihazar, Bay shallow Holocene 234 4.4±5.0 (n=11) 1.4±2.0 (n=11) this studyMunshiganj, shallow3 Holocene 250 ~ 2 (n=27) <0.1 (n=27) SwartzChanlai DW2 Holocene 2.53 (n=8) BGS,01Lakshmipur piez4 Holocene 425 2.3±1.0 (n=6) 2.13 (n=49) BGS,01West Latifpur Holocene 1.7 (n=5) BGS,01Ch. Nawabganj piez4 Holocene 268 5.8±5.0 (n=4) 1.57 (n=19) BGS,01Bhimpur Holocene 1.38 (n=6) BGS,01Rajarampur DW1 Holocene 1.07 (n=16) BGS,01Pirgacha Holocene 0.85 (n=3) BGS,01Faridpur piez4 Holocene 231 1.3±0.5 (n=5) 0.48 (n=43) BGS,01

1 Average groundwater As concentrations from existing tube wells in the area2 Average extractable As from sediment by phosphate (this study and Swartz) and by oxalate (BGS and DPHE, 2001)3 Average for data in Munshiganj was based on depth profile only4 The three special study area reported by BGS and DPHE, 2001 where wells were installed and cores were taken

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542

3

1

11109

8

<1 to <50 g/L50 to < 100 g/L100 to 1090 g/L

[As] in Ground water (< 25 m, n=743)

A. The Meghna

B. The Brahmaputra

RS-16, 17, 30, 31, 32, 33

RS-19, 20, 21, 34, 35

RS-27, 28, 29

RS-25, 26

RS-14

RS-15

The Meghna

The Brahmaputra

1000 mg/kg As in Meghna River Bank Sediment

Datta et al., PNAS, acceptedJung et al. in prep.

Page 22: Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China€¦ · Occurrence and Health Effects of Arsenic in China EHP mini-monograph, 2007, 115:636-662 Zheng, ... (e.g. ultramafic rocks)

As in Rocks from New England, USAGroundwater AsData source:Ayotte et al. ES&T 2003USGS

Arsenopyrite (FeAsS)

Westerveldite(FeAs)

Scorodite ring (FeAsO4 2H2O)

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00

Bulk As (mg/kg)

Ox.

lch.

As

(mg/

kg)

felsic

Intermediate

mafic/ultramafic

Sedimentary-pelitic

Sedimentary-sulfidic

Sedimentary-calcareous

Ypslantis, 2005, M.A

Utsunomiya et al., Am. Mineral. 2003

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Basic Rocks Handbook of Geochemistry,Wedepohl (ed.), 1969-1978

As-rich minerals=?

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Acidic RocksHandbook of Geochemistry,Wedepohl (ed..), 1969-1978

As-rich minerals=?

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~ 100 mg/kg As in Ultramafic Rocks with < 51 mg/kg S

57

1452749

5462 6

275

275

Substitute Si(IV) in antigorite. (Mg, Fe) 3 Si 2 O 5(OH) 4)

Sorbed on magnetite and serpentinite

GCA, 2005

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Ophiolite: Obducted oceanic crust and the subjacent upper mantle.