ocean energy in wales ambitions and opportunities - wcc home
TRANSCRIPT
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Ocean Energy in Wales –Ambitions and Opportunities
Dr Miles Willis, Marine Energy Research Group Swansea University
Miles Willis
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Running Order
• Introduction
• What is marine energy?
• Where is the resource around Wales?
• What state is the technology?
• What is driving the industry forward?
• What are the concerns?
• What are the Universities doing about it?
• Opportunities for composites
Miles Willis
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Brief CV
PhD 1990 Power Generation Materials1990 Aerospace Materials, Conventional Power Generation2003 Recycling Slate Waste2006 Swanturbines Environmental Impacts2007 Tidal Stream in Bristol Channel2009 Low Carbon Research Institute – Marine
Project Manager LCRI Marine, 6 institutions, 50 staffSecretary Marine Energy Task Group for WalesChair Marine Energy Pembrokeshire
Miles Willis
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Wave Energy
Power =(in kW per m)
rg2 H2moTe
64p
Miles Willis
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Tidal Stream Energy
Power = ½ rCpAv3
Miles Willis
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Tidal Range Energy
Power = ½ ArgH2
Miles Willis
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1200km coastline wave, wind, tidal stream, tidal range
Welsh Resource
Miles Willis
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Offshore Wind
•Currently 1.3GW operational around UK (~50% of global total)•7.2GW in planning or development•Crown Estate leases (Rnd 3) totalling 25GW
•Atlantic Array 1.5GW•Irish Sea 4.2GW
•Three consented off-shore wind farms in Wales (North Hoyle (60MW), Rhyl Flats (100MW) and GyM (750MW)
Miles Willis
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UK Tidal Stream Resource
• DTI Renewable Atlas
• The areas of interest are yellow and are of peak flow 2m/s and above
• Resource is located around the UK and hence is out of phase
=> Base load
Miles Willis
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Welsh Tidal Range Resource
Miles Willis
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Tidal Stream Manufacturing
Miles Willis
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Wave Manufacturing
Miles Willis
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Severn Estuary Options
Image courtesy of New Scientist
Miles Willis
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Wales Update – Severn Estuary
•Government does not see strategic case for public funding.•Uncertainties over compliance with regulation•Government not intending to review Severn tidal power until 2015•Triggers set in place for a future review•Private Finance Initiative from CorlanHafren looking at Cardiff Western Barrage project
Chris Huhne, DECC. Parliamentary Statement.Monday 18th Oct 2010
Miles Willis
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Wales Update – Swansea
• Swanturbines Ltd• Gearless low speed generator• Currently building a 9m
diameter device
• Marine Power Systems• Oscillating water column• Now designing pre-commercial
demonstrator
Miles Willis
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Wales Update – Pembrokeshire
• Tidal Energy Limited• Three turbines totalling 1.2MW• Ramsey Sound, Pembrokeshire• Installation 2011 (subject to consent)
• Wavedragon Wales• 7MW wave device• Hoping to have consent end
2010• Deploy 2011/2012
• Marine Energy Limited• Had submitted consents to deploy
10MW park• Off south Pembrokeshire coast• Uppsala University Sweden Miles Willis
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Wales Update – Anglesey
• SeaGen Wales Ltd
• Seven 1.5MW turbines
• Skerries NW Angelsey
• Consents submitted 2009
• Installation 2011-2012 (subject to consent
• £70M project
Miles Willis
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Wales Update – North Wales Coast
• Offshore Tidal Impoundments• Coastally-attached impoundments• Linking marine energy to flood defence and urban regeneration
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Marine Renewable Energy Strategic Framework.
Political Drivers
Routemap
TAN8
Strategic Environmental Assessment of Welsh Coast for marine technologies
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WAG Targets• “Our energy policy statement, ‘A Low Carbon
Revolution', estimates that Wales has the potential to produce more than twice as much energy as it currently uses through wholly renewable sources by 2025, with the largest proportion of this energy coming from marine generated electricity”.
• Long term potential 40GW. Short term target by 2025 4GW from wave and tidal.
Miles Willis
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UK Take-up of Marine Energy
Potential UK Cumulative Installed Capacity of Marine Energy Projects by 2020 (ENTEC Oct 2009)
0.5MW wave energy1.45MW tidal stream
57.5MW currently being developed(27MW has been consented)
Round 1 wave and tidal Pentland Firth42 bids, 500,000 homes
Miles Willis
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Is this a drop in the Ocean??...
Assuming 2GW (2000MW) installedTidal Stream Energy by 2025
10m diameter turbine
Miles Willis
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A drop in the Ocean??...
Assuming 2GW (2000MW) installedWave Energy by 2025
300m span
Miles Willis
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Environmental impact – during construction, operation & de-commission
• Sediment deposition and mobilisation• Material spillage, antifoulants• Increase in ship movements, road haulage, port activities• Wildlife disruption and disturbance• Laying sub-sea cable• Effect of changing tidal stream on ecology• Artificial reef effects• Collision risk• Visual impact
Miles Willis
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Cetacean Populations Around SW Wales
Dolphin
BaskingShark
KillerWhale
HarbourPorpoise
Miles Willis
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Environmental aspects of marine renewable deployment sites
Miles Willis
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Commercial and Recreational Activities
Miles Willis
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The Welsh Low Carbon Research Institute
1: Low carbon energy generation, storage anddistribution-PV (inc PV theme group)-Hydrogen-Distributed Generation-Marine (inc Marine theme group) -Power Take Off
2: Carbon reduction and energy efficiency-Built Environment-Large Scale Power Generation -Electrical Product Efficiency -Socio-economics -Transport
3: Energy Graduate School
4: Dissemination and Partnerships with industry, research organisations and government
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Academic Research
Miles Willis
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Oceanographic Monitoring
Miles Willis
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Resource Mapping
Miles Willis
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Modelling “Real-Life”
Miles Willis
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(Cardiff University)
Simulations in Severn Estuary
Miles Willis
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(Swansea & Cardiff)
Wake Effects
Miles Willis
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Water mixing effects -Wavedragon
Device-Specific Solutions
Miles Willis
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Modelling Arrays of Devices
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Oceanographic data capture
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Field Work Results – Observed Marine Organisms
School of the Environment and Society, Swansea
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Underwater Noise
Miles Willis
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Outreach Activities
Miles Willis
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Composites Challenges
• Offshore Environment• Wave and wind loadings• Deep water, 830 times more dense than air• Moisture absorption• Minimum maintenance• Interactions with metal structures• Biofouling• Maximising strength to weight ratio at a cost• Large scale production issues• 20-25 year structural integrity - fatigue• Recyclability
Miles Willis
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Composites Opportunities
• Primary structures
– Rotors - carbon fibre spars, ribs with glass fibre envelopes. Epoxy matrix.
– Structural foams
• Secondary structures
– Pipes, gratings, handrails, cable trays
Miles Willis
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THANK YOU
With recognition of the research contributions from:
Ian Masters, Sara Thomas, Rebecca Gallie, Jo Loman, Andy Cook, Reza Ahmadian, Roger Falconer, Binliang Lin, Guanghai Gao, Mark Cross, Nick Croft, Alison Williams, Medzid Muhasilovic, Ian Horsfall, Rob Fidler,
Chris Wooldridge, Ian Fryett, Paul Evans, Tim O’Doherty, Daphne O’Doherty, Allan Mason-Jones, John Chapman, James Orme, Enayat Zangiabadi, Chris Bennett
Miles Willis