Ocean Gliders

Global glider program contributing to the

Global Ocean Observing System

Pierre Testor, Brad deYoung, Emma Heslop, Daniel Rudnick,

Craig Lee, Daniel Hayes, Scott Glenn, Chritha Pattiartchi and

Victor Turpin, David Hebert, Johannes Karstensen

• What is it?

• What has it done?

• What is it doing?

• What does it intend to do?

OceanGliders - ToR

• advance plans for a global network of glider activities to provide

sustained observations contributing to the Global Ocean Observing System

(GOOS)

• fully consider unique capabilities of gliders, complementarity with

other observing systems, and incorporate recommendations from

numerical design studies, e.g. OSSEs, and regional observing development

activities/processes (e.g. TPOS-2020, AtlantOS, SOOS).

• promote the free and unrestricted exchange of glider data, including in

real-time;

• promote interoperability, standards and standardization of best

practices in glider operations and data management.

• take responsibility for, and provide advice on, the contents, quality and

timeliness of the glider data stream, in conjunction with the Glider Data

Management Team (GDMT), to ensure scientific and operational

requirements are met.

• provide advice and guidance relating to technical innovations and their

adoption within the glider community

OceanObs’09 Community White Paper

formation of the global glider system

adoption of standards and an “Argo” like data system for gliders

target of ~20 standard lines in the next 5 years and then, more

setup of a network of shared resources and expertise

distinguish between climate and process and NWP objectives

establish the adoption of a common and accessible portal for glider data

Recommendation from OceanObs’09 for an integration in the GOOS

OO’99 : Premières présentations « glider » et … motivation Gascard/Mortier

Climate Provide data during sustained operations and uniquely address important phenomena like Boundary Currents (shelf-open ocean linkages) and Water Transformation (mixing, ventilation) in combination with other networks

Operational services Hurricanes and extra-tropical Storms (picket line) and increase the accuracy of intensity forecasts Increase the accuracy of operational ocean forecasts at the regional and coastal scales

Marine Ecosystem Health Biogeochemical measurements (Oxygen, pH, Chl-a, Turbidity, PAR, Nitrates,...) Make biological measurements - tagged fishes tracking, zooplankton with acoustics and video, hydrophones for marine mammals For example Boundary areas (fisheries) during and after phytoplankton blooms

OTN’s data collection methods

Gliders picket line for hurricanes

OceanGliders applications for the GOOS

Glliders sampling in Eastern Boundaries

Glider contributions to the global ocean observing system

Gliders Before 2009 Since 2009

Glider Activity

• Series of 7 Everybody’s glider observatories EGO (starting 2006, Paris) ….

• Marine sciences and European Research Infrastructures, 2010, Brest

• OceanGliders officially started in September 2016 during the 7th EGO meeting and later endorsed by WMO/IOC JCOMM in October 2017

• Ocean Gliders data Workshop, Genova, 2018

• Ocean Gliders – EGO – UG2 International Workshop, 2019,

Activities over the past year

Started officially in September 2016 and endorsed by WMO/IOC JCOMM in October 2017

to support long term (sustained) glider observations, with a focus on scientific and societal stakes

D. Hayes, Cyprus

Task Teams of OceanGliders

Chair: P. Testor, France

Co-Chair: B. de Young, Canada

D. Rudnick, USA

S. Glenn, USA

P. Testor, France

Data Management Task Team Background

Dan Hayes (U Cyprus)

Promote and coordinate collaboration and sharing of data and tools internationally

Allow scientific community to find, use and re-use data reliably

Quantify the amount, quality, and impact of glider data for socially-relevant

issues Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reuseable (FAIR principle)

Only cross-cutting TT

Existing efforts leveraged: EGO/GROOM, EuroGOOS TT, EMODnet Physics, US IOOS,

CIOOS, IMOS

Who we are

Oceanographers, data scientists, engineers

Open to anyone, growing

Name

Antonio Novellino

Marco Alba

Paolo D’Angelo

Justin Buck

Matthew Palmer

Mark Hebden

Emma Slater

Alvaro Lorenzo Lopez

Juan Gabriel Fernández Pineda

Miguel Charcos Llorens

Kevin O’Brien

Orens de Fommervault

Elizabeth Creed

Eric DeLory

Tania Morales

Melany Belzile

Guilherme Pimenta Castelao

Kai Salm

OGDMTT Progress

Membership

Organizing into topics to plan and achieve concrete progress

Call to join TT and 2 WG sent out to ~30 known stakeholders (Feb 2019)

Currently 18 in TT, 7-8 each of 3 WG

WG: Format requirements (metadata and data that must be included in NC and

how)

WG: QC (what is being done in RT and how documented, do we need to

agree? DM?)

WG: GTS (BUFR development for forecasting systems)

KPI and Best Practices run throughout

Organization

Technical Coordinator now hired at JCOMM OPS (Victor Turpin)

Goal is to help implement and track the status of the OG Network

Metadata are key: who did what and when, also for planning Main group plus topics in Working Groups

Collaboration platforms and Meetings (Slack, Skype/Zoom)

OGDMTT Progress

EMODNet Antonio Novellino

Marco Alba

Paolo D’Angelo

NOC Justin Buck

Emma Slater

Mark Hebden

NOAA/JCOMM OCG Kevin O’Brien

JCOMM Victor

ANFOG-IMOS

IFREMER

WG OG1.0

NOC Matthew Palmer

Justin Buck

Emma Slater Mark Hebden

SOCIB Inmaculada Ruíz Parrado

Cristian Muñoz Más

IFREMER

ANFOG

IOOS Derrick Snowden team?

UC-San Diego Guilherme Pimenta Castelao

University of Tallinn Kai Salm

WG QC

BODC Justin Buck

US IOOS Derrick Snowden

NOAA/JCOMM OCG Kevin O’Brien

UK Met Office Jon Turton

JCOM Dave Berry

WG BUFR

Who is doing what for real-time Document and share practices and tools Discuss: required OceanGliders QC?

Harmonization of metadata and simple set of variables needed by end of year

Could be a mapping implemented via Erddap or converters

Possibility of redundant GDAC server?

GTS is a separate data flow for forecasting centers that needs a glider-specific file

WMO number is link that allows metadata tracking, otherwise no tracking

List of forecasting variables and example NC files at present to be provided to WG to start the glider-BUFR template approval process

OGDMTT Plans

Continue above with more community involvement via TT or WG

Feedback from data users, glider operators, developers

Contributions from experts via WG

Annual Data Management Meetings

Financial support from agencies

KPI and Best Practices

Central themes TT will constantly develop

By end of year a small set of achievable KPI: internal and external

In cooperation with the other TT and for DM specifically

Latency, coverage in space, time, parameter, deployment planning

Community input by end of summer

Best practices identified along the way

Documentation

Collect existing, generate as needed

Best practices

Specification documents

Boundary Ocean Observing Network (BOON)

• Society experiences changes in the global ocean through effects on the boundaries

• Fisheries, transportation, weather, recreation, etc.

• Western boundary currents dominate the meridional transport of heat, and are major drivers of climate variability

• Eastern boundary currents are often upwelling systems that comprise some of the most biologically productive regions in the world

• Boundary currents in marginal seas provide the major means of exchange with the open ocean and impact regional ecosystems

• Communication between the coast and open ocean is regulated by the boundary currents that flow along the continental slopes

• A global network of underwater gliders to uniquely address this need within a multi- platform observing system(Linked with OOPC initiative)

Dan Rudnick (SIO) and 34 Others

Why gliders?

• Gliders are efficient near boundaries – can be deployed and recovered from boats

• Gliders connect the coast and open ocean

• Glider missions can be sustained indefinitely

• Glider sampling is a good match to the resolution required

Gliders versus Argo and moorings

• Sample in area defined by a regional model

• Almost 30,000 glider profiles

• About 2500 Argo profiles

• Gliders connect the coast to the open ocean

• Gliders can act as data messengers for moorings

Sustained boundary current observations

Purpose of BOON – A Network of networks

• Provide coordination and linkage for a global observing system

• Support regional efforts respectful of the coast countries

• Encourage sustained, year-round operations

• Help to publish data in near real-time on the GTS

• Improved and sustained quality control of glider data

• Vision of a global network monitoring boundary currents across

international borders with global benefit

Proposal: Sustained operations with 100 gliders in boundary currents

Storm Task Team

Scott Glenn (Rutgers), Gustavo Goni, Chari Pattiaratchi and many others

Storm Task Team

Dramatic improves in the Track error and the Intensity – But note short term

improvement in intensity is not so good

Storm Task Team

Hurricane Irene 28 August 2011 $15 Billion Track accurate – Intensity

Over Predicted

Hurricane Sandy 29 October 2012 $72 Billion Track accurate – Intensity

Under Predicted

Water Mass Transformation

Objectives

• Provide coordination and linkage for developing a global observing program on water transformation phenomena

• Assist other teams in engaging in the glider technology on this topic

Tools

• Methodologies to estimate the variability of water transformation phenomena

• Best practices in glider mission design, glider operations and data analysis.

Expected benefits

• Better knowledge of the water transformation characteristics

• Better constrain shelf and regional models, including regional climate model

Pierre Testor (U Paris) and many others

Open Sea and Shelf Water Formation

• Formation occurs on intermittent basis and very patchy • Determined by different oceanic and atmospheric features

• Needs sustained in situ observations over wide area • Need observations during winter when observations are difficult to make • Requires high-spatial resolution

Open Sea and Shelf Water Formation : Convection areas

• Sample in area defined by a regional model

• More than 50,000 glider profiles

• 6 moorings, Argo profiles

• Gliders map the convection area and rim/boundary current. Need for deep gliders !

• In polar regions : Navigation under the ice !

• Sustainable funding for the Technical Coordinator at

JCOMM OPS

• Expanding leadership of Ocean Gliders

• Enlarge the commitments (Brazil, ZA, India ?, …)

• Developing the task team proposals

– Improving Data Management

– Realizing Boundary Currents, Storms, Water Mass

Transformation

• Contributing to OceanObs;’19 and the UN Decade of

Ocean Science for Sustainable Development

Looking Forwards

Mesoscale and Sub- mesoscale Phenomena

Gliders reveal how (sub)mesoscale processes influence function of physical, chemical and biological processes: eddies, fronts, plumes and fronts Need to determine the extent and variability of the impact of these processes Gliders over a high-resolution lens to observe the couple seasonal cycle