ocean thermal by lokesh bhatiya

8/8/2019 ocean thermal by lokesh bhatiya

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Presentation of

Seminar On Contemporary Issue in

Management

Issue No. 1 : Energy Management

on Ocean Energy

By Lokesh bhatiya09mba02


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OCEAN ENERGY

The ocean can produce two types of energy: thermal energy from the sun's heat,

and mechanical energy from the tides andwaves.

Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth's surface,making them the world's largest solar collectors.T he sun's heat warms the surface water a lotmore than the deep ocean water, and this

temperature difference creates thermal energy.Just a small portion of the heat trapped in theocean could power the world.


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Ocean thermal energy is used for electricitygeneration. T here are three types of electricityconversion systems

Closed-cycleO pen-cycleHybrid

Closed Cycle System use the ocean's warmsurface water to vaporize a working fluid, whichhas a low-boiling point, such as ammonia. T hevapor expands and turns a turbine. T he turbinethen activates a generator to produce electricity.


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Open-cycle systems actually boil theseawater by operating at low pressures. T hisproduces steam that passes through aturbine/generator.Hybrid systems combine both closed-cycle

and open-cycle systems.


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Ocean Thermal Energy

The main objective of ocean thermal energy or O cean T hermal Energy Conversion ( OT EC) is toturn the solar energy trapped by the ocean intouseable energy.

OT EC systems use the ocean's natural thermalgradient the fact that the ocean's layers of water have different temperatures to drive a power-producing cycle. As long as the temperaturebetween the warm surface water and the colddeep water differs by about 20C (36F), anOT EC system can produce a significant amountof power .


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OT EC has a potential installed capacityof 180,000 MW in India.

Current OT EC Projects in India is in Sagar Shakthi" 35km off T iruchendur coast which

produce 1mw.


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SAGAR SHAKTHI

The Project was actually conduct as anexperiment project.

The project was sanctioned in 1998 under the

JAI VIGYAN mission to demonstrate OT EC

technology.

The barge is 68.5 m long, 16 m broad and 4 mdeep, and houses the Rankine Cycle based

power plant .


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How its Works..?

OT EC barge is an innovated reverse process of refrigeration where the liquid ammonia carried atpressure in the system is vaporized in an

evaporator using high temperature (28C)surface sea water and the high energy vapor driving a sophisticated gas turbine generatingelectricity.

The vapour ammonia, after driving thegenerator, is then cooled back into liquid in acondenser using deep-sea water (7C) androuted back into the system.


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CHARACTERISTICS OF PRE-COMMERCIAL 5 MW OTEC PLANT

Length 122 mBreadth 30mDepth 16 mWeight 3200 metric tons

Wave Height 3.65mWarm Surface Water

Temperature24 C - 28 C

Cold Water Temperature 4 C - 5 CCapital Cost Estimate 13000US $/Kw (min)

Estimated Operational Life 30 years


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Electric Power Cycle

Power O utput per C 860 kW/ C

Mass Flow of Ammonia 274 kg/s Ammonia Pump

Consumption160 kW

Gross Power O utput 7920 kWNet Power O utput(Before Desalination)

5260 kW

In Plant Consumption 2660 kW

Submarine Power Cable Diameter

0.15 m

Submarine Power Cable Length Up to

50 miles


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D esalinated Water Cycle ( D WC)

D esalinated Water D ischargeNearly

2281 m3/ D ay

Net Power Output (After D esalination) 5100 kW

Power Consumed for D esalination (II

Stage)

160 kW

D esalinated Water PipeD iameter

0.16 m


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Estimation Of Unit Cost Of Electricity

from OTEC Plant in IndiaPower O utput(Mw)

HeatExchan

ger Cost$/m

Cost of cold

water pipe $/m

Costof

Barrage $/m

T urbine+ Instlcost$/m

TotalCost

Costof Electr icity*$/kw

1 1.7 0.59 0.59 1.16 6.42 0.189

25 44.4 1.74 2.33 17.44 69.42 0.082

50 878 2.57 4.65 34.48 134.67

0.079

100 1525 4.55 9.3 69.76 242.1 0.068

* Term & Condition are apply.


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Economic Benefits Of OTEC

Helps produce fuels such as hydrogen, and

methanol etc.

Produces electrical energy

Produces desalinated water for industrial,agricultural, and residential uses

Provides air-conditioning for buildings

Provides moderate-temperature refrigerationHas significant potential to provide clean, cost-

effective electricity for the future .


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Non-Economic Benefits Of OTEC

Promotes competitiveness and internationaltrade

Enhances energy independence and energy

securityPromotes international sociopolitical stability

Has potential to mitigate greenhouse gas

emissions resulting from burning fossil fuels.


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Barriers

OT EC-produced electricity at present wouldcost more than electricity generated fromfossil fuels at their current costs.

OT EC plants must be located where adifference of about 40 degrees Fahrenheitoccurs year round.Construction of OT EC plants and laying pipes

in coastal waters may cause localizeddamage to reefs and near-shore marineecosystems


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ocean thermal by lokesh bhatiya

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