OceansOceans

SPI 0507.8.1 Describe the effects of the SPI 0507.8.1 Describe the effects of the oceans on weather and climate.oceans on weather and climate.

Group AssignmentGroup Assignment

Each group will be given two locations of Each group will be given two locations of similar latitudes. One location in is a coastal similar latitudes. One location in is a coastal area; the other is landlocked.area; the other is landlocked.

Two students from each group should go to Two students from each group should go to www.weather.comwww.weather.com

Student 1 - Find the average monthly Student 1 - Find the average monthly temperatures for your landlocked location. temperatures for your landlocked location.

Student 2 - Find the average monthly Student 2 - Find the average monthly temperatures for your coastal location.temperatures for your coastal location.

Assignment Part 2Assignment Part 2

Student 3 - Go to Create-a-Graph Student 3 - Go to Create-a-Graph http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/createagraph/http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/createagraph/

You are to create a line graph with the following:You are to create a line graph with the following:– 12 items – Label these: 12 items – Label these:

Jan Feb Mar . . . DecJan Feb Mar . . . Dec– 4 groups – Label these:4 groups – Label these:

Name of Location #1 HighName of Location #1 High Name of Location #1 LowName of Location #1 Low Name of Location #2 HighName of Location #2 High Name of Location #2 LowName of Location #2 Low

– With the color picker choose a light and dark of the With the color picker choose a light and dark of the same color for each location. Example dark blue and same color for each location. Example dark blue and light blue for Location 1 and dark red and light red for light blue for Location 1 and dark red and light red for Location 2.Location 2.

Assignment Part 2 ContinuedAssignment Part 2 Continued

Give your graph a title. Be sure to include the Give your graph a title. Be sure to include the names of your locations in this title.names of your locations in this title.

Label your X AxisLabel your X Axis– MonthsMonths

Label your Y AxisLabel your Y Axis– Average Monthly TemperaturesAverage Monthly Temperatures

As students 1 and 2 read the average highs and As students 1 and 2 read the average highs and lows of your locations, type them into the value lows of your locations, type them into the value areas. areas.

Once all the information is typed into your graph, it Once all the information is typed into your graph, it should look similar to the one on the next slide.should look similar to the one on the next slide.

ReportingReporting

Is there a difference in temperatures between the Is there a difference in temperatures between the landlocked location and the coastal location?landlocked location and the coastal location?

How do the temperatures compare in the winter How do the temperatures compare in the winter months? summer months?months? summer months?

For the group with Mountain City -- What factor For the group with Mountain City -- What factor influences the temperature of Mountain City?influences the temperature of Mountain City?

Be prepared to report your findings to the class.Be prepared to report your findings to the class.

PrecipitationPrecipitation

Repeat the steps in Slides 1 – 6 with the Repeat the steps in Slides 1 – 6 with the precipitation averages of each location. This precipitation averages of each location. This time you will need only 2 groups instead of 4. time you will need only 2 groups instead of 4.

Understanding Climate DifferencesUnderstanding Climate Differences

Reason #1Reason #1

Sea Breezes and Land BreezesSea Breezes and Land Breezes

http://http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matterwww.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter//

Everything in the world is made of molecules. Everything in the world is made of molecules. These molecules move differently depending These molecules move differently depending on their state - solid, liquid, or gas.on their state - solid, liquid, or gas.

                                                               

Microscopic view of a solid.

Microscopic view of a liquid.

Microscopic view of a gas.

DensityDensity

The density of solids does not change. Solids The density of solids does not change. Solids will keep their shape even when moved. will keep their shape even when moved.

DensityDensity

The density of liquids changes slightly. Liquids The density of liquids changes slightly. Liquids will change shape, but are still bound will change shape, but are still bound together. If you spill a glass of water the together. If you spill a glass of water the water will change shapes and puddle, but water will change shapes and puddle, but the water will remain together. the water will remain together.

DensityDensity

The molecules in gases are not bound at all. The molecules in gases are not bound at all. They are free to move about and will only They are free to move about and will only stop when they are confined to a container stop when they are confined to a container or by gravity.or by gravity.

Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric pressure is a little difficult to Atmospheric pressure is a little difficult to

understand because it can’t be seen, heard, understand because it can’t be seen, heard, smelled, or felt. However, it is very important smelled, or felt. However, it is very important on the weather.on the weather.

Atmospheric pressure is the force the Atmospheric pressure is the force the atmosphere pushes on the objects located atmosphere pushes on the objects located within it. within it.

The reason we don’t feel this pressure is The reason we don’t feel this pressure is because our bodies have enough gases because our bodies have enough gases within them that we push back on the within them that we push back on the atmosphere with an equal force.atmosphere with an equal force.

High or Low PressureHigh or Low Pressure

When the atmosphere presses down with When the atmosphere presses down with more force, we say that it is a more force, we say that it is a high high pressurepressure. High pressure is when the . High pressure is when the molecules in the atmosphere are more molecules in the atmosphere are more tightly packed together.tightly packed together.

When the atmosphere presses in with less When the atmosphere presses in with less force we say that there is a force we say that there is a low pressurelow pressure in in the area. Low pressure is when the the area. Low pressure is when the molecules in the atmosphere are more molecules in the atmosphere are more loosely packed together.loosely packed together.

TemperatureTemperature

When the atmosphere is heated it expands. When the atmosphere is heated it expands. The density of the gas molecules lessons The density of the gas molecules lessons creating a creating a lower pressurelower pressure. .

WindWind

Gases in the air move around trying to Gases in the air move around trying to equalize the pressure. When a low equalize the pressure. When a low pressure area is next to a high pressure pressure area is next to a high pressure area, the gases will move from the area, the gases will move from the high to high to low pressurelow pressure areas to try of equalize the areas to try of equalize the pressure.pressure.

The moving about of these gases is wind.The moving about of these gases is wind. Remember winds blow from Remember winds blow from High High Low Low..

WaterWater

Water, unlike air and land, does not change Water, unlike air and land, does not change temperature quickly. It can absorb a lot of temperature quickly. It can absorb a lot of heat energy before the temperature of the heat energy before the temperature of the water changes. The same is true in reverse. water changes. The same is true in reverse. Water must lose a lot of heat energy before Water must lose a lot of heat energy before it cools noticeably. it cools noticeably.

Sea BreezesSea Breezes

During the day the sun heats the land quickly. As During the day the sun heats the land quickly. As the land heats, the air above the land is heated. the land heats, the air above the land is heated. The hot air rises becoming less dense creating a The hot air rises becoming less dense creating a low pressurelow pressure. The air over the sea is cooler . The air over the sea is cooler because it takes much longer to heat water. The because it takes much longer to heat water. The air over the sea keeps its air over the sea keeps its high pressurehigh pressure..

High High Low Low The differences in pressure creates wind or a The differences in pressure creates wind or a

breeze. Winds blow from the sea to the land to try breeze. Winds blow from the sea to the land to try to equalize the pressure. This is called a sea to equalize the pressure. This is called a sea breeze.breeze.

Land BreezeLand Breeze

At night the land cools rapidly. Because the At night the land cools rapidly. Because the air of the sea is warmer, the wind's direction air of the sea is warmer, the wind's direction changes. The cooler heavier air over the changes. The cooler heavier air over the land forms a land forms a high pressurehigh pressure causing the air causing the air to move towards the sea where the air to move towards the sea where the air pressure is lowerpressure is lower. This is called a land . This is called a land breeze. breeze.

High High Low Low

Land and Sea Breezes Interactive Land and Sea Breezes Interactive

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/oceans_http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/oceans_weather_climate/media/sea_and_land_breeze.swfweather_climate/media/sea_and_land_breeze.swf

http://www.meteo.psu.edu/~nese/sea_breeze.swfhttp://www.meteo.psu.edu/~nese/sea_breeze.swf

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1903/terc/content/visualizations/es1903/es1903page01.cfmes1903page01.cfm

http://library.thinkquest.org/C001472/en/interactive/http://library.thinkquest.org/C001472/en/interactive/flash/seabreeze.swfflash/seabreeze.swf

Wind Challenge – Sea BreezeWind Challenge – Sea Breeze

http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/weather/wind/http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/weather/wind/swf/wind.swfswf/wind.swf

Experiment Experiment

*Colored Convection with Wendy Wind* *Colored Convection with Wendy Wind* http://http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/kids/activities.phpwww.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/kids/activities.php

Graphic OrganizerGraphic Organizer

Create a graphic organizer for you science Create a graphic organizer for you science notebook.notebook.

http://www.answers.com/topic/sea-land-http://www.answers.com/topic/sea-land-breezesbreezes

http://www.physicalgeography.net/http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7o.htmlfundamentals/7o.html

Understanding Climate DifferencesUnderstanding Climate Differences

Reason #2Reason #2

Ocean and Wind CurrentsOcean and Wind Currents

Coastal ClimateCoastal Climate

Remember - Water takes much longer to Remember - Water takes much longer to heat up or cool down. Because of this land heat up or cool down. Because of this land areas near oceans have a milder climate. areas near oceans have a milder climate. They are warmer in the winter and cooler in They are warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer.the summer.

CurrentsCurrents

Ocean currents are like large rivers that run Ocean currents are like large rivers that run within the ocean.within the ocean.

Without this motion the equator regions Without this motion the equator regions would be much warmer and the polar would be much warmer and the polar regions would be much colder.regions would be much colder.

http://www.galapagosonline.com/Galapagos_Natural_History/Oceanography/Currents.html

AnimationAnimation

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/ohttp://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/oceans_weather_climate/media/ocean_circulceans_weather_climate/media/ocean_circulation.swfation.swf

CurrentsCurrentsBoth the atmosphere and the ocean are in Both the atmosphere and the ocean are in

constant motion. constant motion.

ProofProof

Go to Go to www.weather.comwww.weather.com and look at the and look at the average temperatures for London, England average temperatures for London, England (latitude 51.5002)(latitude 51.5002)

Compare this to Calgary, Alberta, Canada Compare this to Calgary, Alberta, Canada (latitude 51.0551) (latitude 51.0551)

Brain Pop on Ocean CurrentsBrain Pop on Ocean Currents

http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystemhttp://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/oceancurrents//oceancurrents/