october 21, 2014. empire: extension of political rule by one people over other peoples. unifying...
TRANSCRIPT
October 21, 2014
Empire: Extension of political rule by one people over other peoples.
Unifying diverse people under one common rulehierarchy of subjects
What do you need to build an Empire?
Means of Communication and Transportation:
Vast markets Ports & Dock yards Roads
System of Administration:
Uniform:LanguageCurrencyMeasurementsLegal system
Collects taxes
Two types of Empires
Hegemony- impositions of foreign government by consent
Dominance-imposition of foreign government by force.
Empires are not staticThey rise & fall
Causes to Fall: Failure of leadership Overextension of
Administration Collapse of the economy Doubts over ideology Military defeat
OCTOBER 22, 2014
Earliest Empires:
AKKADIANS Sargon (2334-2279) Mesopotamia 2350 Arabian Peninsula Sargon I conquered cities from the
Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Capital city Agade (Akkad)
Government Administration
Administration Tablets of Akkad Dynasty
“Sons of Akkad” Akkad Language Standardized Measurements in
length, area, dry & liquid quantities
Sumerian culture was strong enough to influence even their conquerors.
Waves of Invaders:A. Babylonian Empire:
Hammurabi (1792 – 1750)Admin. Network lasted 250 years
B. Hittites (Indo-Europeans)2 wheeled chariotsIron workingsConquered Babylonian Empire scuffles with Egypt
Assyrian Empire “A City Bathed in Blood”A. Defeated areas of Palestine, Babylonia & Egypt
I. Assyria acquired a large empire between 850-650 b.c.eB. Accomplished by Military organization and state of the art weapons
II. Origins
A. From Northern MesopotamiaA1. Geography
B. Developed warlike behavior to fight off attacks
C. Empire from East and North of the Tigris River through central Egypt
The Assyrian EmpireThe Assyrian Empire
III. Military Organization and Conquest
A. Society glorified military strengthA2. Weapons- Iron swords ,
iron pointed spears, archers, iron shields
SIEGE WARFARE
AND TERROR!!!!!
Assyrian Military Power
Assyrian Military Power
Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s
gods.
Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s
gods.
C. Captured Cities- Assyrians showed no mercy to people they captured
C1. Bounty on peoples heads- reward for the heads of enemy soldiers
C2. Enslaved or killed people of the city they captured
IV. Governing Lands
A. Assyrian officials governed area closest to AssyriaA1. Assyrian Capital was established at Nineveh
B. Chose rulers to govern areas conquered, armies protected the new areas
C. New lands brought taxes and tribute to Assyria
Nineveh
V. Empire Crumbles
A. Assyrian’s brutality created many enemies
B. 612 b.c.e combined armies of Medes and Chaldeans burned Nineveh to the ground.
Assyrian Achievements
Library of Nineveh, which had more than 20,000 cuneiform tablets, which were collected across the empire – one being the Epic of Gilgamesh
Babylon under the Chaldeans
Babylon under the Chaldeans
Neo-Babylonian Empire Nebuchadrezzar expanded the empire He conquered Syria and part of Canaan.
He exported the Egyptians and Hebrews from their lands.
He created gardens for his palace now know as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Neo-Babylonians
They created the first sundial The tower of babel is associated with
Etemenaki, a ziggurat built by Nabopolassar
The Neo-Babylonian empire lasted from 612-539 BCE
Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon
Ishtar Gate
Ishtar Gate
Hanging Gardensof Babylon
Hanging Gardensof Babylon
Aim: Egyptian EmpireDo Now: How is Egypt
different than Mesopotamia?
I. Middle Kingdom(2000-1650 b.c.e.)
A. Conquered by NubiaB. 2nd Intermediate Period (1650-
1550 b.c.e)
B1. Immigrant Semitic group- HYKSOS ruled lower EgyptIntroduced Bronze making tech.Horse & Chariot
II. New Kingdom (1550- 1070 b.c.e.)A. Ran out the Hyksos into Palestine
A1. Became involved w/ the Middle EastA2. Lead to their Imperial Presence
B. Thutmmosis I (1504-1492 b.c.e.)B1. Created Egypt's greatest Historical Empire
- B2. Further into Nubia- B3. North East to the Euphrates River
C. Syria & Palestine were independent, but paid taxes to the Empire
D. Egyptian concerns- taxes, raw materials & trade opportunities
III. The Art of Palace & TempleA. Ramses II (1279- 1213
b.c.e.)A1. Constructed one of the greatest temples
B. Hatshepsut (1473- 1458) 1st of 4 FEMALE pharaohs Widow- served in place of her
stepson Declared herself “king” Depicted as a man Pyramid near Thebes- dedicated
to Amon
C. Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten)
(1352-1336 b.c.e.)
Changed his name Adapted Monotheism Moved the Capital 200 mi.
North into the Desert
Queen Nefertiti“The most beautiful woman in the world”
IV. Egyptian Control EndsA. Ended around 1200 b.c.e.
* trade continuedB. Series of Defeats pushed it back
with in the NileC. Egypt in some areas were
conquered by the Nubians, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks & Romans
KINGDOM OF KUSH NUBIA
Important source of trade foods for Egypt, was under Egyptian control
Rise of KushAfter the fall of the New Kingdom- Nubia becomes
Independent as the State of Kush750- Kush conquers Egypt.
Kush- Trading StateOriginally based on farmingIron Ore- iron weapons, tools fore exportTraded- Africa, Roman Empire, Arabia, & India
DeclineDriven out of Egypt by Assyrians in 750Rise of the state of Axum- Ethiopia